Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment of social communication skills and repetitive behaviors.

Monoecious or occasionally dioecious evergreen trees, with a typically conical, narrowly to broadly tapering crown. The bright yellow–green typically cupressoid foliage of moderately large scale leaves is held in mostly radially vertical sprays.

Medium to moderately tall, monoecious, semi-deciduous trees of imposing mature appearance in the wild, with a typically conical, tapering crown when young, becoming billowing, multi-domed and relatively open but remaining well furnished with age. The foliage is soft, blue–green and mostly winter-deciduous. The trunk bases are flared and surrounded by low but vertically ascending round-topped ascending aerophore root groupings.

Doose syndrome, also known as myoclonic astatic epilepsy, is a relatively uncommon childhood epilepsy syndrome first described in 1970 by German physician Dr. Hermann Doose. Accounting for approximately 1% of childhood-onset epilepsies, Doose syndrome often first presents in early to mid-childhood (ages 2–6 years), with male predominance, and with a very characteristic seizure semiology. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has officially renamed this syndrome as “epilepsy with myoclonic–atonic seizures.”

Gerstmann–Straussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS) is a very rare type of prion disease most commonly inherited via an autosomal dominant pattern with mutations in the PRNP gene at codons 102 (most common), 105, 117, and 198, located on chromosome 20. Though the clinical manifestations of GSS depend on the mutation inherited, most of these patients will develop symptoms of ataxia, spasticity, and rigidity in the early phases of the disease, as well as dementia in the later stages. Those with GSS typically develop symptoms in their 40s to 70s, which progress rapidly, with death typically 5–10 years after onset.

In our Introduction we briefy discuss Collingwood’s life and philosophical career, as well as mentioning his work in other fields such as history and archaeology. We argue for the continued relevance of Collingwood’s thought for both twenty-first-century academic philosophy and for some of the central concerns of contemporary life beyond academia, such as scientism, the idolatry of technology, and the current political climate. The second part of the Introduction gives an overview of the fourteen chapters in the volume.

Fairly fast-growing monoecious trees of fully winter-deciduous habit. When young they have a typically conical, tapering crown, long remaining symmetric and spire-like, with slender, level branches bearing masses of small, flattened, soft-textured and highly flexible bright-yellow–green leaves set oppositely in two flattened sub-pinnate ranks.

In this chapter and Chapter 8, we describe a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the Asymmetric TSP. Such an algorithm was first devised by Svensson, Tarnawski, and Végh. We present the improved version by Traub and Vygen, with an additional improvement that has not been published before.

The overall algorithm consists of four main components, three of which we will present in this chapter. First, we show that we can restrict attention to instances whose cost function is given by a solution to the dual LP with laminar support and an additional strong connectivity property. Second, we reduce such instances to so-called vertebrate pairs. Third, we will adapt Svensson’s algorithm from Chapter 6 to deal with vertebrate pairs. The remaining piece, an algorithm for subtour cover, will be presented in Chapter 8.

First described by Canadian neurologist and neurosurgeon Theodore Rasmussen and colleagues in 1958, Rasmussen syndrome (RS), also called Rasmussen encephalitis, is a rare, severe form of chronic childhood neuroinflammatory disease producing drug-resistant focal epilepsy, most often resulting in progressive hemiparesis. Most cases of RS occur in children between ages 3 and 15, though RS has also been seen in adults (~10%). The etiology of RS is unknown and thought to be sporadic.

This intracranial hematoma is characterized by bleeding into the epidural space. It is most commonly caused by a tear in one of the meningeal arteries (often the middle meningeal artery overlying the pterion). Most epidural hematomas are associated with skull trauma and fracture. The rupture of arteries produces a high-pressure hematoma that separates the dura from the skull, which often only stops growing after self-tamponade due to compression and occlusion of the ruptured vessel by the growing hematoma.

This chapter turns to intergenerational historical memory and the function of rock art as both archive and mnemonic as the art’s own communicative power. Through the biography of Josie Maralngurra, we reveal the art’s function in passing historical knowledge to the next generation at its production, content, through evoking memory and its speaking to future generations. Rock art is a means of transferring knowledge in the present to future generations; a living practice as well as ancient record.