For $r\in(0,1)$, let $\mu \left( r\right) $ be the modulus of the plane Grötzsch ring $\mathbb{B}^2\setminus[0,r]$, where $\mathbb{B}^2$ is the unit disk. In this paper, we prove that

\begin{equation*}\mu \left( r\right) =\ln \frac{4}{r}-\sum_{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{\theta _{n}}{2n}r^{2n},\end{equation*}

with $\theta _{n}\in \left( 0,1\right)$. Employing this series expansion, we obtain several absolutely monotonic and (logarithmically) completely monotonic functions involving $\mu \left( r\right) $, which yields some new results and extend certain known ones. Moreover, we give an affirmative answer to the conjecture proposed by Alzer and Richards in H. Alzer and K. Richards, On the modulus of the Grötzsch ring, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 432(1): (2015), 134–141, DOI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2015.06.057. As applications, several new sharp bounds and functional inequalities for $\mu \left( r\right) $ are established.

It is proven that a conjecture of Tao (2010) holds true for log-concave random variables on the integers: For every $n \geq 1$, if $X_1,\ldots,X_n$ are i.i.d. integer-valued, log-concave random variables, then

\begin{equation*} H(X_1+\cdots +X_{n+1}) \geq H(X_1+\cdots +X_{n}) + \frac {1}{2}\log {\Bigl (\frac {n+1}{n}\Bigr )} - o(1) \end{equation*}

$H(X_1) \to \infty$

$H(X_1)$

$U_1,\ldots,U_n$

$(0,1)$

\begin{equation*} h(X_1+\cdots +X_n + U_1+\cdots +U_n) = H(X_1+\cdots +X_n) + o(1), \end{equation*}

$H(X_1) \to \infty$

$h$

$o(1)$

Arithmetic quasidensities are a large family of real-valued set functions partially defined on the power set of $\mathbb {N}$, including the asymptotic density, the Banach density and the analytic density. Let $B \subseteq \mathbb {N}$ be a nonempty set covering $o(n!)$ residue classes modulo $n!$ as $n\to \infty $ (for example, the primes or the perfect powers). We show that, for each $\alpha \in [0,1]$, there is a set $A\subseteq \mathbb {N}$ such that, for every arithmetic quasidensity $\mu $, both A and the sumset $A+B$ are in the domain of $\mu $ and, in addition, $\mu (A + B) = \alpha $. The proof relies on the properties of a little known density first considered by Buck [‘The measure theoretic approach to density’, Amer. J. Math. 68 (1946), 560–580].

Two-sided bounds are explored for concentration functions and Rényi entropies in the class of discrete log-concave probability distributions. They are used to derive certain variants of the entropy power inequalities.

Zhang [‘On hyperstability of generalised linear functional equations in several variables’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.92 (2015), 259–267] proved a hyperstability result for generalised linear functional equations in several variables by using Brzdęk’s fixed point theorem. We complete and extend Zhang’s result. We illustrate our results for general linear equations in two variables and Fréchet equations.

Barnard and Steinerberger [‘Three convolution inequalities on the real line with connections to additive combinatorics’, Preprint, 2019, arXiv:1903.08731] established the autocorrelation inequality

$$\begin{eqnarray}\min _{0\leq t\leq 1}\int _{\mathbb{R}}f(x)f(x+t)\,dx\leq 0.411||f||_{L^{1}}^{2}\quad \text{for}~f\in L^{1}(\mathbf{R}),\end{eqnarray}$$

$0.411$

$0.37$

$f$

$$\begin{eqnarray}\max _{x_{1}\in \mathbb{R}}\min _{0\leq t\leq 1}\left[f(x_{1}-t)+f(x_{1}+t)\right]\leq \min _{x_{2}\in \mathbb{R}}\max _{0\leq t\leq 1}\left[f(x_{2}-t)+f(x_{2}+t)\right].\end{eqnarray}$$

$f$

$||f||_{L^{1}}$

$d,n\in \mathbb{Z}^{+}$

$f\in L^{1}$

$A$

$d\times n$

$a_{i}$

$1\leq i\leq n$

$C$

$A$

$f$

$$\begin{eqnarray}\min _{\mathbf{t}\in [0,1]^{d}}\int _{\mathbb{R}}\mathop{\prod }_{i=1}^{n}~f(x+\mathbf{t}\cdot a_{i})\,dx\leq C||f||_{L^{1}}^{n}.\end{eqnarray}$$

We present some inequalities for the mappings defined by Dragomir [‘Two mappings in connection to Hadamard’s inequalities’, J. Math. Anal. Appl.167 (1992), 49–56]. We analyse known inequalities connected with these mappings using a recently developed method connected with stochastic orderings and Stieltjes integrals. We show that some of these results are optimal and others may be substantially improved.

We prove hyperstability results for the Drygas functional equation on a restricted domain (a certain subset of a normed space). Our results are more general than the ones proposed by Aiemsomboon and Sintunavarat [‘Two new generalised hyperstability results for the Drygas functional equation’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.95 (2017), 269–280] and our proof does not rely on the fixed point theorem of Brzdęk as was the case there. A characterisation of the Drygas functional equation in terms of its asymptotic behaviour is given. Several examples are given to illustrate our generalisations. Finally, we point out a misleading statement in the proof of the second result in the paper by Aiemsomboon and Sintunavarat and propose its correction.

The classical notions of monotonicity and convexity can be characterized via the nonnegativity of the first and the second derivative, respectively. These notions can be extended applying Chebyshev systems. The aim of this note is to characterize generalized monotonicity in terms of differential inequalities, yielding analogous results to the classical derivative tests. Applications in the fields of convexity and differential inequalities are also discussed.

We obtain some results on approximate solutions of the generalised linear functional equation $\sum _{i=1}^{m}L_{i}f(\sum _{j=1}^{n}a_{ij}x_{j})=0$ for functions mapping a normed space into a normed space. We show that, under suitable assumptions, the approximate solutions are in fact exact solutions. The theorems correspond to and complement recent results on the hyperstability of generalised linear functional equations.

We give a short proof of the Brascamp–Lieb theorem, which asserts that a certain general form of Young's convolution inequality is saturated by Gaussian functions. The argument is inspired by Borell's stochastic proof of the Prèkopa-Leindler inequality and applies also to the reversed Brascamp-Lieb inequality, due to Barthe.

Let an interval I ⊂ ℝ and subsets D0, D1 ⊂ I with D0 ∪ D1 = I and D0 ∩ D1 = Ø be given, as well as functions r0: D0 → I, r1: D1 → I. We investigate the system (S) of two functional equations for an unknown function f: I → [0, 1]: We derive conditions for the existence, continuity and monotonicity of a solution. It turns out that the binary expansion of a solution can be computed in a simple recursive way. This recursion is algebraic for, e.g., inverse trigonometric functions, but also for the elliptic integral of the first kind. Moreover, we use (S) to construct two kinds of peculiar functions: surjective functions whose intervals of constancy are residual in I, and strictly increasing functions whose derivative is 0 almost everywhere.