This chapter offers an overview of the key thinkers, main concepts, and critical arguments that inform feminist geographers’ work on the relationship between gender and space, and it conveys some principal ways in which this work has been important for literary scholars interested in the interplay between gender and space. I propose that the field’s multidisciplinary theoretical conversations on space and gender have two principal objectives. On the one hand, by revealing how everyday spaces are gendered and queered, they work to dismantle the traditional patriarchal order that governs them. On the other, they adopt intersectional approaches, aiming to expose the relationship between patriarchy and other axes of oppression (racism, classism, ableism, etc.) in a variety of spaces, making visible the complex ways in which marginalized people navigate, negotiate, and subvert oppressive spaces. Feminist geographers thus propose and enable more liberatory gender discourses in order to envision alternative, inclusive spatial configurations of social relations.

This chapter explores the intricate interplay between music, emotions, and the body’s regulatory systems – the autonomic nervous system, hormones, and the immune system. It elucidates how music influences physiological responses, such as heart rate, breathing, and hormone levels, and how these changes can impact health and well-being. The chapter looks at the dual roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in regulating bodily functions, highlighting how music can modulate their activity. It also discusses the complex interplay of hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, emphasizing the distinction between healthy and unhealthy stress. Research findings on the effects of music on cortisol levels are presented, demonstrating how relaxing music tends to decrease cortisol, while activating music tends to increase it. Both responses can be beneficial, depending on the context and individual needs. Furthermore, the chapter explores the impact of music on the immune system, and underlines the importance of positive emotions and moods in promoting a healthy immune response. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of how music interacts with our physiological systems, offering insights into its therapeutic potential for both healthy individuals and those facing health challenges.

Embedding technology plays a pivotal role in deep learning, particularly in industries such as recommendation, advertising, and search. It is considered a fundamental operation for transforming sparse vectors into dense representations that can be further processed by neural networks. Beyond its basic role, embedding technology has evolved significantly in both academia and industry, with applications ranging from sequence processing to multifeature heterogeneous data. This chapter discusses the basics of embedding, its evolution from Word2Vec to graph embeddings and multifeature fusion, and its applications in recommender systems, with an emphasis on online deployment and inference.

This chapter uses the story of a Peronist broker mobilizing electoral support in an Argentine slum for the center-right coalition Cambiemos – the opposition to the Peronists – to introduce the central questions of this book: Why do parties rely on brokers to reach voters in slums? How can challenger parties recruit brokers to credibly compete with, and beat, hegemonic machine parties in impoverished districts? Why would brokers switch to work for a nonmachine party? The case of Cambiemos’ 2015 victory over Peronism in poor municipalities in Argentina offers valuable insights into how parties can unexpectedly challenge entrenched machine parties in democracies in the Global South and under what conditions brokers might change their party affiliation.

This chapter contrasts the voluntary, endogenous influences on attention to the involuntary, exogenous influences on attention. The neural effects of top-down versus bottom-up attention are presented, including how these effects are observed at multiple levels of processing in the brain. Evidence from fMRI and ERP studies show the separate and interacting effects of endogenous and exogenous attention in multiple visual processing regions and on the C1, P1, N1, and P3 components. Inhibition of return (IOR), an attention process unique to reflexive attention is described, along with corresponding ERP evidence. The debate concerning reflexive orienting and contingent capture is discussed, and the effects of special classes of stimuli (e.g., new objects; faces; emotion-inducing stimuli) on the involuntary allocation of attention are introduced. ERP indices of attentional orienting in visual search (e.g., the N2pc component) versus the suppression of distractors (e.g., the PD components) are discussed. This chapter also describes how memory affects attentional allocation, both in the initial capture and the subsequent holding of attention. Finally, theories are introduced that propose that selection history and reward learning play significant roles in the involuntary biasing and allocation of attention.

Pneumothorax is an important complication in anaesthesia, trauma and medicine. This oral will concentrate both on the precise mechanisms by which pneumothoraces occur and on details of recognition and treatment. A pneumothorax can develop rapidly into a life-threatening emergency, and so you must ensure that your management is competent.

Appellate court opinions are often criticized for establishing difficult precedent as a result of imperfect reasoning.This chapter, inspired by Giambattista Vico, explores the role that prerational judgment, embodied in the sensus communis, plays in the authoring of what will become unintentionally difficult precedent, using Schuette v. BAMN (2014) and its relevant precedent as an example. In Schuette the Court ruled that a voter-approved constitutional amendment that removed the power to implement affirmative action plans was not an Equal Protection violation. The chapter argues that in the opinions that preceded Schuette, the Court was accustomed to the evils the majority could undertake to preserve white dominance and maintain the status quo. Those Courts could not have anticipated the extent to which the future Court would understand that dynamic as a problem of another time. Further, it demonstrates how critics of that precedent similarly fail to account for the role of sensus communis in those earlier cases (and in their own appraisal of them) through their insistence that those opinions should have anticipated the controversies and the shifts in language that accompanied them.