Cerebral strokes are the leading cause of severe neurological disability in adults, with approximately 75% of strokes being ischemic in nature, causing cerebral infarction. They are caused by a localized reduction in sufficient blood flow that results in the disruption of normal neuronal metabolism and function. Generally speaking, approximately 30% of all ischemic strokes are caused by a cardioembolism, ~20% from large artery atherosclerotic disease, ~20% are small subcortical “lacunar” infarcts, and ~30% have undetermined cause and are labeled cryptogenic.

Central cord syndrome (CCS) is the most common form of incomplete spinal cord injury, typically resulting from impingement of the cervical spinal cord after hyperextension injury. Though CCS can present at any age because of trauma to the cervical spine such as from a fall forward or direct impact to the neck, it most commonly presents in those over 50 with underlying degenerative disc disease which can narrow the spinal canal, predisposing these individuals to spinal cord injury in the case of hyperextension.

Though inclusion body myositis (IBM) shares many of the same qualities and characteristics of other types of inflammatory myopathies, its onset is usually later in life (>50 years) and more often presents unilaterally than polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Inclusion body myositis is the most common inflammatory myopathy in patients above 50 years of age.

Slender shrubs or small trees with many slender and highly flexible spreading-ascending branches, clothed mainly with approximately ranked, forward-swept leaves. Laterals are more or less adnate, attached by a broad base, mostly unusually and conspicuously bilaterally flattened and cladode-like, collectively obliquely spreading into flattened pinnate ranks, each leaf tapering and linear–falcate in outline.

Academic disciplines, and especially history and archaeology, presume that a particular kind and experience of time is normal and universal. Although deeply concerned with history, rock art confounds ‘settler-time’ and the temporalities assumed by academic disciplines. This chapter considers the ‘re-appearance’ of ever-present buffalos in west Arnhem art, as well as the ever-presence of seemingly ‘disappeared’ art to reveal how the knowledge on the rocks points to alternative ways of experiencing time.

The Conclusion describes the stakes of ignoring the impact of bigotry. In particular, the ways in which bigotry impacts the lives of those who benefit from it are a focus.

Mononeuritis multiplex (MNM), also known as mononeuropathy multiplex, is a pattern of neuropathy that affects multiple nerves, but one at a time in different anatomical locations, rather than group nerves. The nerves affected, by definition, cannot be explained by the dysfunction of a single nerve root or plexus.

Large, evergreen trees, when mature with tall columnar trunks and narrow, willow-like foliage, with, unusually, each leaf rather similar on both surfaces.

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by loss of atonia that is normally present in REM sleep. In addition, patients often enact their dreams.

The lawfulness of carbon border adjustment measures (CBAMs) under general international economic law and particular economic agreements is explored; specifically, if their international lawfulness can be determined by thinking of them as countermeasures necessary to implement climate change obligations. As there are no non-discriminatory obligations under customary international law, it is argued that CBAMs are lawful under general international law, but under particular international economic agreements they can be seen as countermeasures lawfully taken in response to breaching the obligation to curb GHG emissions, allowing their justification as a breach of primary non-discriminatory economic obligations, particularly the national treatment principle under the GATT and GATS. This shifts the burden of proving necessity/proportionality to the State in breach of the obligation. CBAMs are fundamentally lawful measures and can only give rise to compensation if it they are unnecessary/disproportionate. This chapter also assesses whether they can be thought of as erga omnes contractantes obligations under international economic agreements, particularly the GATT and the GATS.