It is proved that if a positive operator $S\,:\,E\,\to \,F$ is $\text{AM}$-compact whenever its adjoint ${{S}^{'}}:{{F}^{'}}\to {{E}^{'}}$ is $\text{AM}$-compact, then either the norm of $\text{F}$ is order continuous or $E\prime $ is discrete.

Consider the second order superlinear dynamic equation

$$(*)\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{{x}^{\Delta \Delta }}(t)+p(t)f(x(\sigma (t)))=0$$

where $p\,\in \,C(\mathbb{T},\,\mathbb{R})$, $\mathbb{T}$ is a time scale, $f\,:\,\mathbb{R}\,\to \,\mathbb{R}$ is continuously differentiable and satisfies ${{f}^{'}}(x)>0$, and $x\,f\,(x)\,>\,0$ for $x\,\ne \,0$. Furthermore, $f(x)$ also satisfies a superlinear condition, which includes the nonlinear function $f(x)\,=\,{{x}^{\alpha }}$ with $\alpha \,>\,1$, commonly known as the Emden–Fowler case. Here the coefficient function $p(t)$ is allowed to be negative for arbitrarily large values of $t$. In addition to extending the result of Kiguradze for $\left( * \right)$ in the real case $\mathbb{T}\,=\,\mathbb{R}$, we obtain analogues in the difference equation and $q$-difference equation cases.

We will give a characterization of stable real ${{C}^{*}}$-algebras analogous to the one given for complex ${{C}^{*}}$-algebras by Hjelmborg and Rørdam. Using this result, we will prove that any real ${{C}^{*}}$-algebra satisfying the corona factorization property is stable if and only if its complexification is stable. Real ${{C}^{*}}$-algebras satisfying the corona factorization property include $\text{AF}$-algebras and purely infinite C*-algebras. We will also provide an example of a simple unstable C*-algebra, the complexification of which is stable.

An example is given of a map $f$ defined between arcwise connected continua such that $C(f)$ is light and ${{2}^{f}}$ is not light, giving a negative answer to a question of Charatonik and Charatonik. Furthermore, given a positive integer $n$, we study when the lightness of the induced map ${{2}^{f}}$ or ${{C}_{n}}(f)$ implies that $f$ is a homeomorphism. Finally, we show a result in relation with the lightness of $C(C(f))$.

Let $M$ be a finite module over a commutative noetherian ring $R$. For ideals $\mathfrak{a}$ and $\mathfrak{b}$ of $R$, the relations between cohomological dimensions of $M$ with respect to $\mathfrak{a},\,\mathfrak{b},\,\mathfrak{a}\,\cap \,\mathfrak{b}$ and $\mathfrak{a}\,+\,\mathfrak{b}$ are studied. When $R$ is local, it is shown that $M$ is generalized Cohen–Macaulay if there exists an ideal $\mathfrak{a}$ such that all local cohomology modules of $M$ with respect to $\mathfrak{a}$ have finite lengths. Also, when $r$ is an integer such that $0\,\le \,r\,<\,{{\dim}_{R}}(M)$, any maximal element q of the non-empty set of ideals {$\mathfrak{a}\,:\,\text{H}_{\mathfrak{a}}^{i}(M)$ is not artinian for some $i$, $i\,\ge \,r$} is a prime ideal, and all Bass numbers of $\text{H}_{\mathfrak{q}}^{i}(M)$ are finite for all $i\,\ge \,r$.

Higher dimensional mixed norm type inequalities involving certain integral operators are characterized in terms of the corresponding lower dimensional inequalities.

Let $p$ be a prime, and let ${{\zeta }_{p}}$ be a primitive $p$-th root of unity. The lattices in Craig's family are $(p\,-\,1)$-dimensional and are geometrical representations of the integral $\mathbb{Z}[{{\zeta }_{p}}]$-ideals ${{\left\langle 1\,-\,{{\zeta }_{p}} \right\rangle }^{i}}$, where $i$ is a positive integer. This lattice construction technique is a powerful one. Indeed, in dimensions $p\,-\,1$ where $149\,\le \,p\,\le \,3001$, Craig's lattices are the densest packings known. Motivated by this, we construct $(p\,-\,1)(q\,-\,1)$-dimensional lattices from the integral $\mathbb{Z}[{{\zeta }_{pq}}]$-ideals ${{\left\langle 1\,-\,{{\zeta }_{p}} \right\rangle }^{i}}{{\left\langle 1\,-\,{{\zeta }_{q}} \right\rangle }^{j}}$, where $p$ and $q$ are distinct primes and $i$ and $j$ are positive integers. In terms of sphere-packing density, the new lattices and those in Craig's family have the same asymptotic behavior. In conclusion, Craig's family is greatly extended while preserving its sphere-packing properties.

For a locally compact group $G$, let $A(G)$ be its Fourier algebra, let ${{M}_{cb}}A(G)$ denote the completely bounded multipliers of $A(G)$, and let ${{A}_{Mcb}}\,(G)$ stand for the closure of $A(G)$ in ${{M}_{cb}}A(G)$. We characterize the norm one idempotents in ${{M}_{cb}}A(G)$: the indicator function of a set $E\,\subset \,G$ is a norm one idempotent in ${{M}_{cb}}A(G)$ if and only if $E$ is a coset of an open subgroup of $G$. As applications, we describe the closed ideals of ${{A}_{Mcb}}\,(G)$ with an approximate identity bounded by 1, and we characterize those $G$ for which ${{A}_{Mcb}}\,(G)$ is 1-amenable in the sense of B. E. Johnson. (We can even slightly relax the norm bounds.)

Let $W$ be a Weyl group, $\sum $ a set of simple reflections in $W$ related to a basis $\Delta $ for the root system $\Phi $ associated with $W$ and $\theta $ an involution such that $\theta (\Delta )\,=\,\Delta $. We show that the set of $\theta $- twisted involutions in $W$, ${{\mathcal{J}}_{\theta }}\,=\,\{w\,\in \,W\,|\,\theta (w)\,=\,{{w}^{-1}}\}$ is in one to one correspondence with the set of regular involutions ${{\mathcal{J}}_{\text{ID}}}$. The elements of ${{\mathcal{J}}_{\theta }}$ are characterized by sequences in $\sum $ which induce an ordering called the Richardson–Springer Poset. In particular, for $\Phi $ irreducible, the ascending Richardson–Springer Poset of ${{\mathcal{J}}_{\theta }}$, for nontrivial $\theta $ is identical to the descending Richardson–Springer Poset of ${{\mathcal{J}}_{\text{ID}}}$.

We show that a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism is plaque expansive (a form of structural stability for its center foliation) if the strong stable and unstable foliations are quasi-isometric in the universal cover. In particular, all partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on the 3-torus are plaque expansive.

Let $(X,\,d)$ be a metric space, and let $\text{Lip(}X\text{)}$ denote the Banach space of all scalar-valued bounded Lipschitz functions $f$ on $X$ endowed with one of the natural norms

$$\left\| f \right\|\,=\,\max \{{{\left\| f \right\|}_{\infty }},\,L(f)\}\,\,\text{or}\,\,\left\| f \right\|\,=\,{{\left\| f \right\|}_{\infty }}\,+\,L(f),$$

where $L(f)$ is the Lipschitz constant of $f$. It is said that the isometry group of $\text{Lip(}X\text{)}$ is canonical if every surjective linear isometry of $\text{Lip(}X\text{)}$ is induced by a surjective isometry of $X$. In this paper we prove that if $X$ is bounded separable and the isometry group of $\text{Lip(}X\text{)}$ is canonical, then every 2-local isometry of $\text{Lip(}X\text{)}$ is a surjective linear isometry. Furthermore, we give a complete description of all 2-local isometries of $\text{Lip(}X\text{)}$ when $X$ is bounded.

We show that if the family $\mathcal{O}$ of orbits of all vector fields on a subcartesian space $P$ is locally finite and each orbit in $\mathcal{O}$ is locally closed, then $\mathcal{O}$ defines a smooth Whitney A stratification of $P$. We also show that the stratification by orbit type of the space of orbits $M/G$ of a proper action of a Lie group $G$ on a smooth manifold $M$ is given by orbits of the family of all vector fields on $M/G$.

We provide a simple example showing that the tangential derivative of a continuous function $\phi $ can vanish everywhere along a curve while the variation of $\phi $ along this curve is nonzero. We give additional regularity conditions on the curve and/or the function that prevent this from happening.

We give a characterization of contact manifolds in terms of symplectic Lie–Rinehart–Jacobi algebras. We also give a sufficient condition for a Jacobi manifold to be a contact manifold.

Let ${{B}_{Y}}$ denote the unit ball of a normed linear space $Y$. A symmetric, bounded, closed, convex set $A$ in a finite dimensional normed linear space $X$ is called a sufficient enlargement for $X$ if, for an arbitrary isometric embedding of $X$ into a Banach space $Y$, there exists a linear projection $P:\,Y\,\to \,X$ such that $P({{B}_{Y}})\,\subset \,A$. Each finite dimensional normed space has a minimal-volume sufficient enlargement that is a parallelepiped; some spaces have “exotic” minimal-volume sufficient enlargements. The main result of the paper is a characterization of spaces having “exotic” minimal-volume sufficient enlargements in terms of Auerbach bases.

Dubickas and Smyth defined the metric Mahler measure on the multiplicative group of non-zero algebraic numbers. The definition involves taking an infimum over representations of an algebraic number $\alpha $ by other algebraic numbers. We verify their conjecture that the infimum in its definition is always achieved, and we establish its analog for the ultrametric Mahler measure.

We obtain new results about the number of trinomials ${{t}^{n}}\,+\,at\,+\,b$ with integer coefficients in a box $(a,\,b)\,\in \,[C,\,C\,+\,A]\,\times \,[D,\,D\,+\,B]$ that are irreducible modulo a prime $p$. As a by-product we show that for any $p$ there are irreducible polynomials of height at most ${{p}^{1/2+o(1)}}$, improving on the previous estimate of ${{p}^{2/3+o(1)}}$ obtained by the author in 1989.

Let $A({{n}_{1}},\,{{n}_{2}},\ldots ,\,{{n}_{m}}-1)$ be the normalized Fourier coefficients of a Maass cusp form on $\text{GM(}m\text{)}$. In this paper, we study the cancellation of $A({{n}_{1}},\,{{n}_{2}},\ldots ,\,{{n}_{m}}-1)$ over Beatty sequences.