Let 0 ⩽ α ⩽ ∞ and ψ be a positive function defined on (0, ∞). In this paper, we will study the level sets L(α, {ψ(n)}), B(α, {ψ(n)}) and T(α, {ψ(n)}) which are related respectively to the sequence of the largest digits among the first n partial quotients {Ln(x)}n≥1, the increasing sequence of the largest partial quotients {Bn(x)}n⩾1 and the sequence of successive occurrences of the largest partial quotients {Tn(x)}n⩾1 in the continued fraction expansion of x ∈ [0,1) ∩ ℚc. Under suitable assumptions of the function ψ, we will prove that the sets L(α, {ψ(n)}), B(α, {ψ(n)}) and T(α, {ψ(n)}) are all of full Hausdorff dimensions for any 0 ⩽ α ⩽ ∞. These results complement some limit theorems given by J. Galambos [4] and D. Barbolosi and C. Faivre [1].

The aim of this work is to characterise the k-polar variety Pk(X) of an (n − 1)-ruled hypersurface X ⊂ ℂn+1. More precisely, we prove that Pk(X) is empty for all k >1 and the first polar variety is empty or it is an (n − 2)-ruled variety in ℂn+1, whose multiplicity is obtained by the multiplicity of the base curve and the multiplicity of one directrix of X. As a consequence we obtain the Euler obstruction Eu0(X) of X and, in addition, we exhibit (n − 1)-ruled hypersurfaces such that Eu0(X) = m, for any prescribed positive integer m.

A result of Simonovits and Sós states that for any fixed graph H and any ε > 0 there exists δ > 0 such that if G is an n-vertex graph with the property that every S ⊆ V(G) contains pe(H) |S|v(H) ± δ nv(H) labelled copies of H, then G is quasirandom in the sense that every S ⊆ V(G) contains $\frac{1}{2}$p|S|2± ε n2 edges. The original proof of this result makes heavy use of the regularity lemma, resulting in a bound on δ−1 which is a tower of twos of height polynomial in ε−1. We give an alternative proof of this theorem which avoids the regularity lemma and shows that δ may be taken to be linear in ε when H is a clique and polynomial in ε for general H. This answers a problem raised by Simonovits and Sós.

The Delaunay tessellation of a locally finite subset of the hyperbolic space ℍn is constructed via convex hulls in ℝn+1. For finite and lattice-invariant sets it is proven to be a polyhedral decomposition, and versions (necessarily modified from the Euclidean setting) of the empty circumspheres condition and geometric duality with the Voronoi tessellation are proved. Some pathological examples of infinite, non lattice-invariant sets are exhibited.

Given an L–space knot we show that its ϒ function is the Legendre transform of a counting function equivalent to the d–invariants of its large surgeries. The unknotting obstruction obtained for the ϒ function is, in the case of L–space knots, contained in the d–invariants of large surgeries. Generalisations apply for connected sums of L–space knots, which imply that the slice obstruction provided by ϒ on the subgroup of concordance generated by L–space knots is no finer than that provided by the d–invariants.

The weak units of strict monoidal 1- and 2-categories are defined respectively in [15] and [14]. In this paper, we define them for group-like 1- and 2-stacks. We show that they form a contractible Picard 1- and 2-stack, respectively. We give their cohomological description which provides for these stacks a representation by complexes of sheaves of groups. Later, we extend the discussion to the monoidal case. We consider the (2-)substack of cancelable objects of a monoidal 1-(2-)stack. We observe that this (2-)substack is trivially group-like, its weak units are the same as the weak units of the monoidal 1-(2-)stack, and therefore we can recover the contractibility results in [15] and [14] by analysing it.

There are 432 strongly squarefree symmetric bilinear forms of signature (2, 1) defined over $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{2}]$ whose integral isometry groups are generated up to finite index by finitely many reflections. We adapted Allcock's method (based on Nikulin's) of analysis for the 2-dimensional Weyl chamber to the real quadratic setting, and used it to produce a finite list of quadratic forms which contains all of the ones of interest to us as a sub-list. The standard method for determining whether a hyperbolic reflection group is generated up to finite index by reflections is an algorithm of Vinberg. However, for a large number of our quadratic forms the computation time required by Vinberg's algorithm was too long. We invented some alternatives, which we present here.

We solve the problem of giving sharp asymptotic bounds on the Hausdorff dimensions of certain sets of badly approximable matrices, thus improving results of Broderick and Kleinbock (preprint 2013) as well as Weil (preprint 2013), and generalising to higher dimensions those of Kurzweil ('51) and Hensley ('92). In addition we use our technique to compute the Hausdorff f-measure of the set of matrices which are not ψ-approximable, given a dimension function f and a function ψ : (0, ∞) → (0, ∞). This complements earlier work by Dickinson and Velani ('97) who found the Hausdorff f-measure of the set of matrices which are ψ-approximable.

We study the expected number of real zeros for random linear combinations of orthogonal polynomials. It is well known that Kac polynomials, spanned by monomials with i.i.d. Gaussian coefficients, have only (2/π + o(1))logn expected real zeros in terms of the degree n. If the basis is given by the orthonormal polynomials associated with a compactly supported Borel measure on the real line, or associated with a Freud weight defined on the whole real line, then random linear combinations have $n/\sqrt{3} + o(n)$ expected real zeros. We prove that the same asymptotic relation holds for all random orthogonal polynomials on the real line associated with a large class of weights, and give local results on the expected number of real zeros. We also show that the counting measures of properly scaled zeros of these random polynomials converge weakly to either the Ullman distribution or the arcsine distribution.

We will determine the motivic cohomology H*,* (BSOn, $\mathbb{Z}$/2) with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}$/2 of the classifying space of special orthogonal groups SOn over the complex numbers $\mathbb{C}$.

Let $S(t) = {1}/{\pi} \arg \zeta \big(\hh + it \big)$ be the argument of the Riemann zeta-function at the point 1/2 + it. For n ⩾ 1 and t > 0 define its iterates

$$\begin{equation*} S_n(t) = \int_0^t S_{n-1}(\tau) \,\d\tau\, + \delta_n\,, \end{equation*}$$

$$\begin{equation*} -\left( C^-_n + o(1)\right) \frac{\log t}{(\log \log t)^{n+1}} \ \leq \ S_n(t) \ \leq \ \left( C^+_n + o(1)\right) \frac{\log t}{(\log \log t)^{n+1}}\,, \end{equation*}$$

We study infinite families of quadratic and cubic twists of the elliptic curve E = X0(27). For the family of quadratic twists, we establish a lower bound for the 2-adic valuation of the algebraic part of the value of the complex L-series at s=1, and, for the family of cubic twists, we establish a lower bound for the 3-adic valuation of the algebraic part of the same L-value. We show that our lower bounds are precisely those predicted by the celebrated conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer.

In this paper, we consider a corollary of the ACC conjecture for F-pure thresholds. Specifically, we show that the F-pure threshold (and more generally, the test ideals) associated to a polynomial with an isolated singularity are locally constant in the 𝔪-adic topology of the corresponding local ring. As a by-product of our methods, we also describe a simple algorithm for computing all of the F-jumping numbers and test ideals associated to an arbitrary polynomial over an F-finite field.

We show how the theory of linear forms in two logarithms allows one to get very good effective irrationality measures for nth roots of rational numbers a/b, when a is very close to b. We give a p-adic analogue of this result under the assumption that a is p-adically very close to b, that is, that a large power of p divides a−b. As an application, we solve completely certain families of Thue–Mahler equations. Our results illustrate, admittedly in a very special situation, the strength of the known estimates for linear forms in logarithms.

Tits has defined Kac–Moody groups for all root systems, over all commutative rings with unit. A central concept is the idea of a prenilpotent pair of (real) roots. In particular, writing down his group presentation explicitly would require knowing all the Weyl-group orbits of such pairs. We show that for the hyperbolic root system E10 there are so many orbits that any attempt at direct enumeration is impractical. Namely, the number of orbits of prenilpotent pairs having inner product k grows at least as fast as (constant) ⋅ k7 as k → ∞. Our purpose is to motivate alternate approaches to Tits' groups, such as the one in [2].

We investigate the operation of torus surgery on tori embedded in S4. Key questions include which 4–manifolds can be obtained in this way, and the uniqueness of such descriptions. As an application we construct embeddings of 3–manifolds into 4–manifolds by viewing Dehn surgery as a cross section of a surgery on a surface. In particular, we give new embeddings of homology spheres into S4.

Consider weak approximation for 0-cycles on a smooth proper variety defined over a number field, it is conjectured to be controlled by the Brauer group of the variety. Let X be a Châtelet surface or a smooth compactification of a homogeneous space of a connected linear algebraic group with connected stabilizer. Let Y be a rationally connected variety. We prove that weak approximation for 0-cycles on the product X × Y is controlled by its Brauer group if it is the case for Y after every finite extension of the base field. We do not suppose the existence of 0-cycles of degree 1 neither on X nor on Y.

A large class of initial-boundary problems of linear evolution partial differential equations formulated on the half-line is analyzed via the unified transform method. In particular, explicit representations are presented for the generalised Dirichlet to Neumann maps. Namely, the determination of the unknown boundary values when an essential set of initial and boundary data is given.

We study derived invariance through syzygy complexes. In particular, we prove that syzygy-finite algebras and Igusa--Todorov algebras are invariant under derived equivalences. Consequently, we obtain that both classes of algebras are invariant under tilting equivalences. We also prove that derived equivalences preserve AC-algebras and the validity of the finitistic Auslander conjecture.

Taking the signature of the closure of a braid defines a map from the braid group to the integers. In 2005, Gambaudo and Ghys expressed the homomorphism defect of this map in terms of the Meyer cocycle and the Burau representation. In the present paper, we simultaneously extend this result in two directions, considering the multivariable signature of the closure of a coloured tangle. The corresponding defect is expressed in terms of the Maslov index and of the Lagrangian functor defined by Turaev and the first-named author.