We establish several theorems concerning properly embedded constant mean curvature surfaces (cmc-surfaces) in homogeneously regular 3-manifolds, when the mean curvature H is large.

We investigate some properties of the set S∂(a) = {λ ∈ ℂ: λ – a ∈ ∂S} (which we call the boundary spectrum of a) where ∂S denotes the topological boundary of the set S of all non-invertible elements of a Banach algebra A, and where a is an element of A.

The strong convex compactness property is important for property persistence of operator semigroups under perturbations. It has been investigated in the linear setting. In this paper, we are concerned with the property in the nonlinear setting. We prove that the following spaces of (nonlinear) operators enjoy the strong convex compactness property: the space of compact operators, the space of completely continuous operators, the space of weakly compact operators, the space of conditionally weakly compact operators, the space of weakly completely continuous operators, the space of demicontinuous operators, the space of weakly continuous operators and the space of strongly continuous operators. Moreover, we prove the property persistence of operator semigroups under nonlinear perturbation.

Suppose G is a connected, complex, nilpotent Lie group and Γ is a discrete subgroup of G such that G/Γ is Kähler and the top nonvanishing homology group of G/Γ (with coefficients in ℤ2) is in codimension two or less. We show that G is then Abelian. We also note that an example from [12] shows that this fails if the top nonvanishing homology is in codimension three.

To a cardinal k ≥ 2, we associate a simply-connected polyhedral surface Σk endowed with a bounded metric dk such that every group of cardinality k has an isometric, properly discontinuous action on (Σk, dk). If ℵ0 ≤ k ≤ 2ℵ0 and G is a group of cardinality k, then we extend (Σk, dk) to a simply-connected bounded metric space (MG, dG) such that the action of G extends to an isometric, properly discontinuous action on (MG, dG) and G is the full isometry-group of (MG, dG).

The author gives a proof with analytic means of weak uniqueness for the Dirichlet problem associated to a second order uniformly elliptic operator in ℝ3 with coefficients independent of the coordinate x3 and continuous in ℝ2 {0}.

We present a primality test for numbers of the form Mh, n = h·2n ±1 (in particular with h divisible by 15), which generalises Berrizbeitia and Berry's test for such numbers with h ≢ 0 mod 5. With our generalised test, the primality of such a number Mh, n can be proved by means of a Lucas sequence with a seed determined by h and πq — primary irreducible divisor of a prime q ≡ 1 mod 4. We call the prime q a judge of the number Mh, n. We prescribe a sequence S of 48 primes ≡ 1 mod 4 in the interval [13, 2593] such that, for all odd h = 15t < 108 and for all n < 7.3 1011, each number Mh, n has a judge q in . Comparisons with Bosma's explicit primality criteria in “a well-defined finite sense” for the case h = 3t < 105 are given.

This paper is concerned with the existence of positive solutions to the class of nonlocal boundary value problems of the p-Kirchhoff type and where Ω is a bounded smooth domain of ℝN, 1 < p < N, s ≥ p* = (pN)/(N – p) and M and f are continuous functions.

For a class of homogeneous Cantor sets, we find an explicit formula for their packing dimensions. We then turn our attention to the value of packing measures. The exact value of packing measure for homogeneous Cantor sets has not yet been calculated even though that of Hausdorff measures was evaluated by Qu, Rao and Su in (2001). We give a reasonable lower bound for the packing measures of homogeneous Cantor sets. Our results indicate that duality does not hold between Hausdorff and packing measures.

Motivated by a formula of P. Jones that gives the distance of a Bloch function to BMOA, the space of bounded mean oscillations, we obtain several formulas for the distance of a Bloch function to the little Bloch space, β0. Immediate consequences are equivalent expressions for functions in β0. We also give several examples of distances of specific functions to β0. We comment on connections between distance to β0 and the essential norm of some composition operators on the Bloch space, β. Finally we show that the distance formulas in β have Bloch type spaces analogues.

A ring is called a commutator ring if every element is a sum of additive commutators. In this note we give examples of such rings. In particular, we show that given any ring R, a right R-module N, and a nonempty set Ω, EndR(⌖ΩN) and EndR(ΠΩN) are commutator rings if and only if either Ω is infinite or EndR(N) is itself a commutator ring. We also prove that over any ring, a matrix having trace zero can be expressed as a sum of two commutators.

In this paper the approximation properties of parabolic potentials Hαf and ℋαf generated by the heat operators and , where

are studied as α → 0+.

This paper is an attempt to provide a partial answer to the following question put forward by Bernhard H. Neumann in 2000: “Let G be a finite group of order g and assume that however a set M of m elements and a set N of n elements of the group is chosen, at least one element of M commutes with at least one element of N. What relations between g, m, n guarantee that G is Abelian?” We find an exponential function f(m,n) such that every such group G is Abelian whenever |G| > f(m,n) and this function can be taken to be polynomial if G is not soluble. We give an upper bound in terms of m and n for the solubility length of G, if G is soluble.

Let k be the rational function field over the field with q elements with characteristic p. Since the work of Carlitz we know in this situation the function ζ analog of the Riemann zeta function and the function Logφ analog of the usual logarithm. We will show two main results. Firstly, if ξ denotes the fundamental period of Carlitz module, we prove that ξ, ζ(1),…, ζ(p – 2) are algebraically independent over k. Secondly if α1,…, αn are rational elements (of degree less than q/(q − 1) to ensure convergence of the logarithm) such that Logφ α1,…, Logφ αn are linearly independent over k then they are algebraically independent over k. The point is to find suitable functions taking these values and for which Mahler's method can be used.

This note concerns Fourier transforms on the real positive line. In particular, we seek conditions on a real function u(x) in x > 0, that ensure that its Fourier-cosine transform v(t) = u(x) cos xt dx is positive. We prove first that this is so for all t > 0, if u"(x) > 0 for all x > 0, that is, that everywhere-convex functions have everywhere-positive Fourier-cosine transforms. We then obtain a complex-plane criterion for some types of non-convex u(x). Finally we consider criteria on u(x) that imply positivity of v(t) for t > t0, for some t0 > 0.

We introduce the notion of hereditarily indecomposable normed space and we prove that this class of normed spaces may be characterised by means of F+ and strictly singular linear relations. We also show that if X is a complex hereditarily indecomposable normed space then every partially continuous linear relation in X with dense domain can be written as λI + S, where λ ∈ ℂ and S is a strictly singular linear relation.

Let G be an arbitrary finite group, R be a finite associative ring with identity and RG be the group ring. We show that ℤ2Q8 is the minimal reversible group ring which is not symmetric, and we also characterise the finite rings R for which RQ8 is reversible. The first result extends a result of Gutan and Kisielewicz which shows that ℤ2Q8 is the minimal reversible group algebra over a field which is not symmetric, and it answers a question raised by Marks for the group ring case.

New inequalities for the general case of convex functions defined on linear spaces which improve the famous Jensen's inequality are established. Particular instances in the case of normed spaces and for complex and real n-tuples are given. Refinements of Shannon's inequality and the positivity of Kullback-Leibler divergence are obtained.

In this paper, We introduce and study a new system of variational inclusions involving(H, η)-monotone operators in Hilbert spaces. By using the resolvent operator method associated with (H, η)-monotone operators, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions and the convergence of some new three-step iterative algorithms for this system of variational inclusions and its special cases. The results in this paper extends and improves some results in the literature.