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The governance of Japan presents a puzzle: it is a democracy yet is dominated by a single party that wins almost all elections. Stanger still, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and its policies are not particularly popular with voters. How has this situation arisen, and how is it sustained? Amy Catalinac argues that when politicians compete in electoral districts with discernible voter groups, they can make allocations of central government resources contingent on how those groups vote. Using a wealth of quantitative and qualitative data spanning 1980-2014, Catalinac shows that LDP politicians have been doing just that, leveraging their dominance to make groups compete for resources. Dominance Through Division sheds new light on why the LDP has remained in power for so long, why opposition parties are weak, and why policy preferences do not always align with vote choice. It also explains why Japan's 1994 electoral reform has had limited impact.
Ben Moore presents a new approach to reading urban modernity in nineteenth-century literature, by bringing together hidden, mobile and transparent features of city space as part of a single system he calls 'invisible architecture'. Resisting narratives of the nineteenth-century as progressing from concealment to transparency, he instead argues for a dynamic interaction between these tendencies. Across two parts, this book addresses a range of apparently disparate buildings and spaces. Part I offers new readings of three writers and their cities: Elizabeth Gaskell and Manchester, Charles Dickens and London, and Émile Zola and Paris, focusing on the cellar-dwelling, the railway and river, and the department store respectively. Part II takes a broader view by analysing three spatial forms that have not usually been considered features of nineteenth-century modernity: the Gothic cathedral, the arabesque and white walls. Through these readings, the book extends our understanding of the uneven modernity of this period.
The erosion of trust in politicians and political institutions is a major challenge in early twenty-first-century democratic politics, not least in the United States. This book argues that, rather than being a flaw or corruption, the potential for political distrust must be understood as an essential feature of representative democracy because representation works through performance. The book explores performance as a constellation of factors: scripts, embodiment, ideas of selfhood, and historical norms and ideals. It draws on key scholarship of political representation, rhetoric, and populism; on theories of performativity, theatricality, and acting; and on interviews the author conducted with political speechwriters spanning presidential administrations and campaigns from Ronald Reagan to Barack Obama to demonstrate both that distrust is inherent in representative politics and that in mainstreamed populism distrust becomes a focal point around which the theatre of politics revolves.
Physical and cognitive disabilities are part of many people’s lives. They are the existential marks some performers carry and emphasize through their art in order to transcend them and embrace disability in a nonstigmatizing way. The performances of Felipe Monteiro, Nicola Fornoni, and Kamil Guenatri claim space for difference and diversity and reject assistentialist, protectionist, and pseudo-inclusive approaches that prescribe and perpetuate stigmas.
We construct skew corner-free subsets of $[n]^2$ of size $n^2\exp(\!-O(\sqrt{\log n}))$, thereby improving on recent bounds of the form $\Omega(n^{5/4})$ obtained by Pohoata and Zakharov. We also prove that any such set has size at most $O(n^2(\log n)^{-c})$ for some absolute constant $c \gt 0$. This improves on the previously best known upper bound $O(n^2(\log\log n)^{-c})$, coming from Shkredov’s work on the corners theorem.
There is a seemingly intractable disagreement about whether nonprofit hospitals can be meaningfully differentiated from their for-profit counterparts and are therefore still deserving of exemption from federal income tax. Nonprofit, tax-exempt hospitals are intended to be organized and operated for charitable purposes. What this means and requires has evolved from providing relief for the sick and poor to promoting community health and more. At the same time, these institutions have evolved into complex, highly regulated business organizations, some of which struggle to differentiate themselves from their for-profit competitors. The history of American hospitals from almshouses to today’s complex health care systems includes, and is better understood in the context of, the stories of how women’s hospital auxiliary organizations built, supported, and evolved with hospitals.
While acknowledging the enduring debate regarding exemption, this article attempts to address the question of how to fill the charitable gap if exempt hospitals were to lose or voluntarily relinquish their preferred tax status. The article recommends preserving the ability to address community and individual health needs through charitable hospital auxiliaries. Auxiliaries are uniquely situated in an increasingly commercial healthcare market, due both to their history and community connections, to hold and direct the use of charitable assets, to accept tax-deductible charitable contributions, and to address unmet community needs.
The work of artist/anthropologist Susan Marie Ossman and her 12-station exhibition in Montmartre in 2020 lends itself to a personal meditation on art and illness during a global pandemic. Walking the neighborhood where the installations were created and assembled, Ossman’s artwork becomes a means of transforming the experience of chemotherapy and suggests how the cancer treatments themselves refl ect on a larger society of illness. Most importantly, in her work Ossman examines the notion of a self-portrait: what it is and how we might understand the genre as well as the self differently.
We investigate Steel’s conjecture in ‘The Core Model Iterability Problem’ [10], that if $\mathcal {W}$ and $\mathcal {R}$ are $\Omega +1$-iterable, $1$-small weasels, then $\mathcal {W}\leq ^{*}\mathcal {R}$ iff there is a club $C\subset \Omega $ such that for all $\alpha \in C$, if $\alpha $ is regular, then $\alpha ^{+\mathcal {W}}\leq \alpha ^{+\mathcal {R}}$. We will show that the conjecture fails, assuming that there is an iterable premouse M which models KP and which has a -Woodin cardinal. On the other hand, we show that assuming there is no transitive model of KP with a Woodin cardinal the conjecture holds. In the course of this we will also show that if M is a premouse which models KP with a largest, regular, uncountable cardinal $\delta $, and $\mathbb {P} \in M$ is a forcing poset such that $M\models "\mathbb {P}\text { has the }\delta \text {-c.c.}"$, and $g\subset \mathbb {P}$ is M-generic, then $M[g]\models \text {KP}$. Additionally, we study the preservation of admissibility under iteration maps. At last, we will prove a fact about the closure of the set of ordinals at which a weasel has the S-hull property. This answers another question implicit in remarks in [10].
The name of James William Windsor (1779–1853) is not widely known in scholarly circles today; yet as a pianist, organist and all-round music director, he was instrumental in guiding the musical world of Bath through a turbulent period of economic decline and societal change over the course of a career that spanned nearly six decades. Much of what may be discovered about his activities is gleaned from his large and important music collection, bequeathed to the Royal College of Music (RCM) in 1890 by his eldest daughter, Elizabeth (1805–1890). This collection of printed and manuscript music reveals much about its former owner's interests, activities and friendships, and many of its most significant items lend value to modern editions and musicological research. Of particular relevance to this study is Windsor's own transcription of Bach's Das wohltemperirte Clavier (RCM MS 743, dated 1801), identified by Yo Tomita as being both textually unique and the second earliest known complete English source of this work.