This chapter explores the widespread issue of sleep disorders and the potential of music as a non-pharmacological intervention. It highlights music’s ability to enhance sleep quality, emphasizing the importance of selecting music that aligns with individual preferences and the specific nature of the sleep disturbance. The chapter provides practical recommendations for creating sleep-inducing playlists, utilizing calming ambient sounds, and incorporating relaxation techniques with music. It also suggests specific strategies such as visualizing music and following a consistent sleep routine to promote restful sleep. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the challenges of external noise disturbances and offers solutions such as using earplugs and headphones. It acknowledges that music may not be a cure-all for sleep disorders caused by underlying medical conditions, but it can be a valuable tool for improving sleep quality and overall well-being. The chapter concludes by acknowledging the personalized nature of music’s effects on sleep and encouraging readers to experiment and find what works best for them. It also hints at the interconnectedness between sleep disorders and depression, setting the stage for the following chapter’s exploration of mood and mind.

The South Asian region consisting of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka share a common history of British colonial rule for nearly 200 years. Most of these countries gained independence during the 1940s. Western European ideas of social medicine found considerable resonance. However, through the process of anti-colonial struggle, new ideas on the relationship between society, medicine, and health were brought to light by actors such as practitioners of indigenous systems of medicine, leadership of the nationalist movement, the communist movement, and radical elements within the medical community and society. This chapter explores the engagement of diverse sets of actors from differing ideological positions that engaged in the relationship between society and health in the Indian subcontinent. It further seeks to explore how the Non-Aligned Movement created by postcolonial societies provided a platform for South–South networks in the economy and social sectors to define inclusive development. In medicine and health, there were efforts to redress inequalities through various reform initiatives that had local importance and influenced global health policies.

This has long been the focus of fundamental research which this oral will not have time to explore in depth. The subject matter is complex, and although selective effects on CNS proteins appear to offer the most complete explanation, much remains unexplained. Some of the now discounted theories are described briefly here in order to give some context to the continued search for an answer.

This chapter examines the critical role of evaluation within the framework of recommender systems, highlighting its significance alongside system construction. We identify three key aspects of evaluation: the impact of metrics on optimization quality, the collaborative nature of evaluation efforts across teams, and the alignment of chosen metrics with organizational goals. Our discussion spans a comprehensive range of evaluation techniques, from offline methods to online experiments. We explore offline evaluation methods and metrics, offline simulation through replay, online A/B testing, and fast online evaluation via interleaving. Ultimately, we propose a multilayer evaluation architecture that integrates these diverse methods to enhance the scientific rigor and efficiency of recommender system assessments.

In a world of growing health inequity and ecological injustice, how do we revitalize medicine and public health to tackle new problems? This groundbreaking collection draws together case studies of social medicine in the Global South, radically shifting our understanding of social science in healthcare. Looking beyond a narrative originating in nineteenth-century Europe, a team of expert contributors explores a far broader set of roots and branches, with nodes in Sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Oceania, the Middle East, and Asia. This plural approach reframes and decolonizes the study of social medicine, highlighting connections to social justice and health equity, social science and state formation, bottom-up community initiatives, grassroots movements, and an array of revolutionary sensibilities. As a truly global history, this book offers a more usable past to imagine a new politics of social medicine for medical professionals and healthcare workers worldwide. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

The chapter develops the question (raised in Chapter 4) about the precise way in which soul is supposed to play the role of the primary explanans of perception. It does so by bringing out the key difficulty that Aristotle faces and by analysing the three possible answers to this difficulty. The problem is that Aristotle seems to commit himself to three jointly inconsistent tenets: (i) the perceptive soul is the primary cause of perception; (ii) perception is passive; and (iii) the perceptive soul is impassive. These claims are inconsistent if it is true that (iv) there is no way for the soul of being the primary cause of φ-ing other than being the proper subject of whatever φ-ing consists in. Two dominant ways of resolving this problem, since antiquity, consist in denying Aristotle’s commitment to either (ii) or (iii). I argue that difficulties, both exegetical and philosophical, faced by each of these strategies are insurmountable. The third possible strategy starts from denying (iv). I trace such a strategy to the medieval idea of a sensus agens and argue that although the existing medieval (and later) versions cannot stand as such, the third strategy is nevertheless the most promising one.

Presents various reactions to the crisis in the DSM-5 project and how they coalesce around the idea that dimensionality is the way to classify mental disorder. This idea is then subject to some historical analysis, and recommendations are made about how to balance future debate on classification drawing upon both the classic and romantic perspectives.

The chapter delves into the intricacies of representations of outer space, exposing their entanglement with colonialist narratives. It analyzes the ideology behind space exploration to show that, rather than being something “new” or aligned with futurism, these texts repeat colonialist conquest narratives while proposing alternative methodologies of “worlding” beyond conventional materialist paradigms. By critiquing mainstream notions of space travel, this chapter illuminates the Cartesian–Baconian separation of humans from nature, which, the author argues, perpetuates antiblackness. Through an analysis of Sun Ra’s Space Is the Place, the chapter illuminates how alternative narratives use outer space as a metaphor to oppose notions of the separation of humans from the natural world and anti-blackness. Sun Ra’s film not only challenges traditional modes of travel but also hints at alternative ways of understanding exploration, most especially of oneself. This shift in perspective signifies a departure from the conventional idea of discovering new worlds towards a more profound concept of co-creating realities, emphasizing shifts in consciousness over mere geographical exploration. Drawing upon the work of Katherine McKittrick and others, this chapter also invites a reconsideration of the ways in which geography itself is constructed, rather than an objective material fact of the phenomenological world.

Elaborates the meaning of descriptive psychopathology given by the psychiatrist/philosopher Karl Jaspers. Presents phenomena of ‘bizarreness’ often taken to indicate the puzzling condition of schizophrenia. Applies philosophical thought experiments to this phenomena drawing on the work of Louis Sass and John Cutting which press beyond Jaspers’ understanding of schizophrenia. Gives recommendations on the future of psychiatric phenomenology.

Music’s impact is not always positive. Here are some of the most significant side effects of music. Keep in mind that ‘music’ may refer not only to specific pieces but also to the works of a composer, a band, or even entire styles of music.

Digital maps are horrifying. One source of these horrors is their basis in geographic information systems (GIS), a fundamental technology of colonial violence across space. Literary GIS – digital mapping of geographic data created from texts – is not separate from these horrors, yet work in this field has only intermittently attended to the coloniality of GIS. I lay out the theory of GIS and its historical ties to US military campaigns, drawing on the field of critical GIS. I then survey various projects in literary GIS to see whether and how GIS might still be salvageable as a method for analyzing texts. I propose that literary GIS can help defamiliarize colonial spatial logic, making the now-commonplace, unspoken dynamics that organize space and its representations easier to see. That possibility depends on literary GIS projects attending more to the process of mapping – the conditions that make it possible to turn texts into mappable geographic data – rather than the resulting maps. But I also conclude that literary GIS cannot articulate a position separate from empire but only make its workings more visible, and I thus suggest that this method has more value as a temporary beacon than a permanent path.