Also known as the quadrigeminal plate, the midbrain tectum, or simply tectum, is the area of the dorsal midbrain sitting posterior to the cerebral aqueduct. On its dorsal surface sit four bumps, the two superior and two inferior colliculi; hence the “quad-” in “quadrigeminal plate.” The name tectum is derived from the Latin word for roof, as it serves as the roof for the brainstem. The colliculi themselves are vital junctions in the sensory tracts, with the superior colliculus performing sensory integration of vision and the inferior colliculus performing integration for hearing.

Weinberg collaborates with Ed Witten. He becomes the youngest member of the Saturday Club of Boston. Weinberg signs up to write The Discovery of Subatomic Particles. After their continued separation due to teaching, Weinberg grows to like Austin more and more, with its social scene that crossed from academia into the public sphere. He negotiates with the Universioty of Texas for a position in Austin as the Josey Regental Chair in Science beginning in 1982. He joins the Headliners Club in Austin. Weinberg helps found the Jerusalem Winter School in Theoretical Physics. He begins exploring physical theories in higher dimensions. He attends the Shelter Island Conference in 1983. He is elected to the Philosophical Society of Texas and joined the Town and Gown Club in Austin, but quits the latter over its male-only stance, to help form a rival, the Tuesday Club (of Austin). In mid-1980s, he becomes seriously interested in string theory.

The Outlook chapter presents the achievements and challenges of what we can now call international counterterrorism law. Outside the context of armed conflict, sectoral treaties govern international terrorism involving a range of tactics and targets, notably hostage-taking, bombings, hijackings, and nuclear terrorism as well as attacks on foreign diplomats and, under a treaty approaching universality, the financing of international terrorism. But the distinction with terrorism in a situation of armed conflict in these treaties should have been drawn far more sharply. Under international humanitarian law, the definitions of terrorism in armed conflict are clear.

Glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed cranial nerve that contains parasympathetic fibers, which innervate the carotid sinus/body, which if massaged will decrease the heart rate. Additionally, it provides special sense (taste) to the posterior third of the tongue (bitter area) as well as innervating the parotid glands, which helps with salivation. It also functions as the afferent/sensory arm of the gag reflex.

The celiac plexus/ganglion is located just inferior to the diaphragm in the retroperitoneal space. It lies anterolateral to the aorta at the level of the celiac trunk.

The corpus callosum is a midline, C-shaped structure that sits below the cingulate gyrus. It functions as a byway for communication between the two cerebral hemispheres. It contains four main parts, namely rostrum (named in Latin for its “beak-like shape”), genu, trunk/body, and splenium (Greek for patch or bandage/plaster). Some anatomists, however, also include the isthmus of the corpus callosum, which is the narrowed part between the body and the splenium.

Lying at the posterior edge of the thalamus, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is an integral part of the human visual pathway. The LGN is the first relay station for the optic radiations, which synapse here and give information to the second-order neurons that project to the primary visual cortex.

The middle meningeal artery (artery being a carrier of sanguine, which is derived from the Latin sanguis, meaning “blood”) is an artery with many branches, which perfuses two-thirds of the cranial dura. It is a branch of the maxillary artery (a branch of the external carotid artery), which travels superiorly, enters the middle cranial fossa via the foramen spinosum, and on its way, passes the pterion, which derives its name from the Greek word pteron, meaning “wing.”

The red nucleus (RN) is a large structure found in the ventral midbrain that contains a magnocellular division and a parvocellular division. It mainly receives afferents from the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum. It has two main outputs – the rubrospinal tract and the rubroolivary tract.

The confluence of sinuses, also known as the torcula, is the most posterior area in the cerebral venous sinuses. It is the area in which the superior sagittal sinus (superior), straight sinus (anterior), and occipital sinus (inferior) meet and flow into both transverse sinuses (lateral). It is positioned superficially between the occipital lobe and the cerebellum, and like all cerebral venous sinuses, its walls are made of the dura mater.

The paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) is a collection of reticular nuclei in the brainstem from the rostral pons to medulla. This collection of nuclei plays an important role in controlling voluntary conjugate eye movements.

The reticular activating system (RAS) is a series of connected nuclei that are located in the brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla) and project to many parts of the central nervous system. The nuclei play a very important role in promoting wakefulness and the transition between different states of consciousness.

The inferior olivary complex is a C-shaped collection of nuclei in the rostral ventral medulla, wedged between the medullary pyramids (medially) and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI (laterally). The two major cerebellar input fibers are mossy fibers and climbing fibers. The inferior olivary nucleus is the main source of climbing fibers.