The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is the terminal branch of the basilar artery (and thus split from the “base”) and wraps around the oculomotor nerve (CN III). It perfuses the midbrain, then travels back to the occipital lobes.

The inferior mesenteric plexus sits just superior to the inferior mesenteric artery, positioned on top of the aorta, which in Greek means “to hang” or “to lift.” Its primary function is providing sensory and autonomic innervation to the distal two-thirds of the large intestine/colon.

Shortly after moving to Berkeley, Weinberg slips a disc and is bedbound. He reads Chandrasekhar’s stellar physics book, which helped spark his interest in astrophysics. They decide to stay on the San Francisco side of the bay. At that time, Berkeley was the world’s leading center of experimental research on elementary particles and the newly commissioned Bevatron was the latest particle accelerator. Weinberg resolves to do some work that will be useful to Berkeley experimenters and sets about studying muon physics. In Spring 1960, he is offered and accepts a tenure-track position as an assistant professor. He is invited to join JASON, the group of defense consultants. He begins teaching and learns that he loves it. He decides to take a year abroad via an Alfred Sloan Fellowship and he and Louise buy a round-the-world ticket.

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a midline collection of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain located between the left and right substantia nigra. There are three main dopaminergic pathways in the brain – nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical. The VTA is the major source of dopamine for the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways.

The cuneus is the superior portion of the occipital lobe, positioned above the calcarine sulcus. It is bordered anteriorly by the parieto-occipital fissure and posteriorly comes to a point at the occipital pole. It receives dual blood supply from the calcarine artery and the parieto-occipital artery. The cuneus functions as a part of the primary visual cortex, as its inferior border (the superior bank of the calcarine sulcus) houses synapsing fibers from the superior portion of the optic radiations. This part of the primary visual cortex analyzes visual information from the contralateral inferior quadrant of both visual fields and is implicated in basic visual processing.

These extended notes give an introduction to the theory of finite group schemes over an algebraically closed field, with minimal prerequisites. They conclude with a brief survey of the inverse Galois problem for automorphism group schemes.

In the summer of 1991, Weinberg receives the National Medal of Science from President George H. W. Bush. He describes various visits and internationl trips. Through the early 1990s at the University of Texas at Austin, he taught a course on the quantum theory of fields, which was published as a two-volume treatise on “The Quantum Theory of Fields.” (A third volume on supersymmetry would follow in 2000.) Around this time, he begins publishing popular science in The New York Review of Books. He gives the dedicatory address at the opening of the university’s Hobby–Eberly Telescope.

The spinal cord is encased in the vertebral column and contains ascending and descending white matter tracts from the brain. It also contains alpha motor neurons, which give rise to nerve fibers controlling muscles.

During the Interregnum, figures such as Thomas Hobbes, James Harrington, and John Milton produce substantial works of political philosophy. As can be seen in their titles, Hobbes’s Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiastical and Civill (1651), Harrington’s The Commonwealth of Oceana (1656), and Milton’s Ready and Easy Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth (1660), each set out to describe a commonwealth. For Hobbes, Harrington, and Milton, the question after 1649 is how to understand – and, in some cases, how to reconstitute — the “one” that is at the Greek root of monarch. None of the proposals created, under the great pressures of the moment, could be implemented; however, they offered models for English-language political philosophy for decades, even centuries, to come. Later generations had a reservoir of English-language republican actions, rhetoric, and philosophy on which to draw, including in Ireland.

Disheartened by the cancelation of the Superconducting Super Collider, Weinberg turns his attention to the cosmological constant. It must behave like a vacuum energy density, and can be adjusted to cancel the energy in fluctuating fields. Today the effective vacuum energy density, including the cosmological constant, has come to be called “dark energy.”

The temporal lobe is the only lobe of the cerebrum not touching its paired lobe, thus alone in spaced position to its paired lobe. It contains the primary auditory cortex as well as Wernicke’s area, which if lesioned will produce a fluent aphasia with speech containing nonsensical words. It also contains the hippocampus that aids in memory, thus if lesioned, can produce memory impairment.

Residing in the depths of the interhemispheric fissure, the cingulate gyrus gets its name from the Latin word for “belt,” cingulum, as it wraps around the corpus callosum. The cingulate gyrus is separated from the superiorly located superior frontal gyrus by the cingulate sulcus and from the inferiorly located corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus. The cingulate sulcus has a marginal extension that separates the superior frontal gyrus and cingulate gyrus from the posteriorly located precuneus.

The thoracodorsal nerve, also known as the long subscapular or middle subscapular nerve, is a pure motor nerve originating from spinal nerve roots C6 through C8, exiting the brachial plexus after branching off the posterior cord. It then travels inferiorly down the posterior axillary wall, passing under the inferior edge of the teres major muscle and ultimately innervating the latissimus dorsi muscle (name meaning “broadest back” in Latin), aiding in adduction, medial rotation, and extension of the arm at the elbow.

The musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Uniquely, it travels a relatively short distance compared to other branches of the brachial plexus. It includes fibers from only three nerve roots (C5, C6, and C7) and innervates only three muscles (biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis). The major function of the musculocutaneous nerve is to flex the elbow, thus flexing the biceps muscle (showing others your “guns”).

The lingual gyrus is the portion of medial occipital lobe just inferior to the calcarine sulcus, and so named because of its tongue-like shape. The lingual gyrus functions as a part of the primary visual cortex, as its superior border (the inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus) houses synapsing fibers from Meyer’s loop. This part of the primary visual cortex analyzes visual information from the contralateral superior quadrant of both visual fields.