In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Choquard equation

$$-\Delta u + V(x)u = \left( {\int_{{\open R}^N} {\displaystyle{{G(u)} \over { \vert x-y \vert ^\mu }}} \,{\rm d}y} \right)g(u)\quad {\rm in}\;{\open R}^N, $$

$G(u)=\int ^u_0g(s)\,{\rm d}s$

In an earlier paper (1981), the present authors made a conjecture about the number of solutions of a semilinear elliptic boundary value problem which has been investigated extensively in the past decade. The conjecture is proved in the one-dimensional case.

In this paper we deal with the problem of diffraction of electromagnetic waves by a periodic interface between two materials. This corresponds to a two-dimensional quasi-periodic boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation. We prove that solutions behave analytically with respect to variations of the interface. The interest of this result is both theoretical – the legitimacy of power series expansions in the parameters of the problem has indeed been questioned – and, perhaps more importantly, practical: we have found that the solution can be computed on the basis of this observation. The simple algorithm that results from such boundary variations is described. To establish the property of analyticity of the solution for the grating

with respect to the height δ, we present a holomorphic formulation of the problem using surface potentials. We show that the densities entering into the potential theoretic formulation are analytic with respect to variations of the boundary, or, in other words, that the integral operator that results from the transmission conditions at the interface is invertible in a space of holomorphic functions of the variables (x, y, δ). This permits us to conclude, in particular, that the partial derivatives of u with respect to δ at δ = 0 satisfy certain boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation, in regions with plane boundaries, which can be solved in a closed form.

We study the cyclicity of limit periodic sets that occur in families of vector fields of slow–fast type. The limit periodic sets are formed by a fast orbit and a curve of singularities containing a unique turning point. At this turning point a stability change takes place: on one side of the turning point the dynamics point strongly towards the curve of singularities; on the other side the dynamics point away from the curve of singularities. The presence of periodic orbits in a perturbation is related to the presence of canard orbits passing near this turning point, i.e. orbits that stay close to the curve of singularities despite the exponentially strong repulsion near this curve. All existing results deal with a non-zero slow movement, permitting a good estimate of the cyclicity by considering the slow-divergence integral along the curve of singularities. In this paper we study what happens when the slow dynamics exhibit singularities. In particular, our study includes the cyclicity of the slow–fast two-saddle cycle, formed by a regular saddle connection (the fast part) and a part of the curve of singularities (the slow part). We see that the relevant information is no longer merely contained in the slow-divergence integral.

When each individual of a population of N members can be classified as being either A or A, and at the same time either B or B, the relative proportions, or probabilities, of the four types AB, AB, AB and AB can be set out in the familiar “fourfold table.”

The Lyapunov functional is constructed for a quasilinear parabolic system which models chemotaxis and takes into account a volume-filling effect. For some typical case it is proved that the ω-limit set of any trajectory consists of regular stationary solutions. Some lower and upper bounds on the stationary solutions are found. For a given range of parameters there are stationary solutions which are inhomogeneous in space.

We introduce the full expression of the curvature tensor of a real hypersurface M in complex two-plane Grassmannians G2(ℂm+2) from the Gauss equation. We then derive a new formula for the Ricci tensor of M in G2(ℂm+2). Finally, we prove that there does not exist any Hopf real hypersurface in complex two-plane Grassmannians G2(ℂm+2) with parallel Ricci tensor.

The aim of the present paper is to adapt the method of two-scale convergence to the homogenization of a pseudomonotone Dirichlet problem in perforated domains with periodic structure. The limit problem and a corrector result are obtained.

An incident wave creates a discontinuity in the acceleration of the shock front. The amplitudes of the reflected and transmitted waves are also determined. Special attention is given to the case of the weak shocks and the characteristic shocks.

In this paper, we consider an elliptic operator obtained as the superposition of a classical second-order differential operator and a nonlocal operator of fractional type. Though the methods that we develop are quite general, for concreteness we focus on the case in which the operator takes the form − Δ + ( − Δ)s, with s ∈ (0, 1). We focus here on symmetry properties of the solutions and we prove a radial symmetry result, based on the moving plane method, and a one-dimensional symmetry result, related to a classical conjecture by G.W. Gibbons.

We consider the stability of periodic travelling-wave solutions to a generalized Korteweg–de Vries (gKdV) equation and prove an index theorem relating the number of unstable and potentially unstable eigenvalues to geometric information on the classical mechanics of the travelling-wave ordinary differential equation. We illustrate this result with several examples, including the integrable KdV and modified KdV equations, the L2-critical KdV-4 equation that arises in the study of blow-up and the KdV-½ equation, which is an idealized model for plasmas.

A defect energy Jβ, which measures jump discontinuities of a unit length gradient field, is studied. The number β indicates the power of the jumps of the gradient fields that appear in the density of Jβ. It is shown that Jβ for β = 3 is lower semicontinuous (on the space of unit gradient fields belonging to BV) in L1-convergence of gradient fields. A similar result holds for the modified energy , which measures only a particular type of defect. The result turns out to be very subtle, since with β > 3 is not lower semicontinuous, as is shown in this paper. The key idea behind semicontinuity is a duality representation for J3 and . The duality representation is also important for obtaining a lower bound by using J3+ for the relaxation limit of the Ginzburg–Landau type energy for gradient fields. The lower bound obtained here agrees with the conjectured value of the relaxation limit.

Let B be the unit ball in Rn, n ≥ 3. Let 0 < p < 1 < q ≤ (n + 2)/(n − 2). In 1994, Ambrosetti et al. found that the semilinear elliptic Dirichlet problem admits at least two solutions for small λ > 0 and no solution for large λ. In this paper, we prove that there is a critical number Λ > 0 such that this problem has exactly two solutions for λ ∈ (0, Λ), exactly one solution for λ = Λ and no solution for λ > Λ.

We prove the global existence of weak solutions for the Cauchy problem for the Navier-Stokes equations for one-dimensional, isentropic flow when the initial velocity is in L2 and the initial density is in L2 ∩ BV. Solutions are obtained as limits of approximations obtained by building heuristic jump conditions into a semi-discrete difference scheme. This allows for a rather simple analysis in which pointwise control is achieved through piecewise H1 and total variation estimates.

This paper consists of two main parts. The first deals with a perturbative method in critical point theory and can be seen as the generalisation and completion of some earlier results. The second part is concerned with applications of the abstract setup to the existence of bound states of a class of elliptic differential equations that branch off from the infimum of the essential spectrum.

This paper contains a rigorous existence theory for three-dimensional steady gravity-capillary finite-depth water waves which are uniformly translating in one horizontal spatial direction x and periodic in the transverse direction z. Physically motivated arguments are used to find a formulation of the problem as an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system in which x is the time-like variable, and a centre-manifold reduction technique is applied to demonstrate that the problem is locally equivalent to a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system. General statements concerning the existence of waves which are periodic or quasiperiodic in x (and periodic in z) are made by applying standard tools in Hamiltonian-systems theory to the reduced equations.

A critical curve in Bond number–Froude number parameter space is identified which is associated with bifurcations of generalized solitary waves. These waves are three dimensional but decay to two-dimensional periodic waves (small-amplitude Stokes waves) far upstream and downstream. Their existence as solutions of the water-wave problem confirms previous predictions made on the basis of model equations.

Critical Rayleigh numbers are obtained for the onset of convection when the Maxwell–Cattaneo heat flux law is employed. It is found that convection is possible in both heated above and below cases.

The theory of subordinacy is extended to all one-dimensional Schrödinger operatorsfor which the corresponding differential expression L = – d2/(dr2) + V(r) is in the limit point case at both ends of an interval (a, b), with V(r) locally integrable. This enables a detailed classification of the absolutely continuous and singular spectra to be established in terms of the relative asymptotic behaviour of solutions of Lu = xu, x εℝ, as r→a and r→b. The result provides a rigorous but straightforward method of direct spectral analysis which has very general application, and somefurther properties of the spectrum are deduced from the underlying theory.

We examine slow viscous flow past a concentrated bed of small stationary viscous bubbles of a second fluid, and derive Darcy's law relating the average fluid velocity to the overall pressure gradient and body force.

This paper considers the problem of asymptotic decay as t → ∞ of solutions of the wave equation utt − Δu = −a(x)β(ut, ∇u), (t,x) ∊ ℝ+ × Ω (a bounded, open, connected set in ℝN, N≧ 1, with smooth boundary), u =0 on ℝ+ × ∂Ω. The nonlinear function β is not assumed to be globally Lipschitz continuous, β(0, y2, …, yN+1) = 0, y1 β(y1…,yN+1) ≧ 0 for all y ∊ ℝN+1; β is not assumed to be monotone in y1. Under additional restrictions on the kernel of β, conditions are given which imply that [u, ut,] converges to [0,0] weakly in H = H10(Ω) × L2(Ω) as t → ∞. The work generalises earlier results of Dafermos and Haraux where strong decay in H as t → ∞ was obtained in the case β(y1 …, yN+1) = q(y1), q monotone on ℝ.