The object of this paper is to communicate a general formula for elementary symmetric functions of any assigned degree of a given number of the roots, in ascending order of magnitude, of an algebraic or transcendental equation with complex coefficients. In virtue of the simple relations that exist between these symmetric functions, the formula gives a literal expression in terms of infinite series for all the roots of an equation. In practice it is generally desirable to transform the equation first into one with roots widely separated in value (e.g. by the root-squaring process) in order to make the convergence of the series sufficiently rapid for satisfactory numerical computation.

Let Ω ⊂ Rn be open. Given a homeomorphism of finite distortion with |Df| in the Lorentz space Ln−1, 1 (Ω), we show that and f−1 has finite distortion. A class of counterexamples demonstrating sharpness of the results is constructed.

The asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the Becker-Doring cluster equations is determined without the decay assumptions on the initial data made in [3].

A nonlocal eigenvalue problem of the form u″ + a(x)u + Bu = λu with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions is considered, where B is a rank-one bounded linear operator and x belongs to some bounded interval on the real line. The behaviour of the eigenvalues is studied using methods of linear perturbation theory. In particular, some results are given which ensure that the spectrum remains real. A Sturm-type comparison result is obtained. Finally, these results are applied to the study of some nonlocal reaction–diffusion equations.

This paper describes the effective properties of a two-dimensional two-component dielectric composite. Each component is supposed to be isotropic and is characterised by a pair of constants of electrical and magnetic permeabilities. Effective properties of an arbitrary anisotropic composite depend on its microstructure and are characterised by a pair of symmetric tensors of electrical and magnetic permeabilities. Here we construct the so-called Gm-closure which is the set of all possible values of these pairs, corresponding to all possible microstructures with prescribed volume fractions of the given components. The exact bounds of the Gm-closure are obtained and the microstructure corresponding to each point of the Gm-closure set is determined.

We present a purely combinatorial procedure for finding an isolating neighbourhood and an index pair contained in a given set, being a finite union of cubes in Rs. It is applied for a computer-assisted computation of the Conley index of an isolated invariant subset of the Hénon attractor. As a corollary, it is shown that the Hénon attractor contains periodic orbits of all principal periods except for 3 and 5.

We obtain the Γ(L1(Ώ))-limit of the sequence

where Eε is the family of anisotropic perturbations

of the nonconvex functional of vector-valued functions

The proof relies on the blow-up argument introduced by Fonseca and Müller.

We study the existence and concentration of positive solutions for the following class of fractional p-Kirchhoff type problems:

$$ \left\{\begin{array}{@{}ll} \left(\varepsilon^{sp}a+\varepsilon^{2sp-3}b \,[u]_{s, p}^{p}\right)(-\Delta)_{p}^{s}u+V(x)u^{p-1}=f(u) & \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^{3},\\ \noalign{ u\in W^{s, p}(\mathbb{R}^{3}), \quad u>0 & \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^{3}, \end{array}\right.$$

$sp \in (\frac {3}{2}, 3)$

$(-\Delta )^{s}_{p}$

This paper deals with the global existence for a class of Keller–Segel model with signal-dependent motility and general logistic term under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a higher-dimensional smoothly bounded domain, which can be written as

$$\eqalign{& u_t = \Delta (\gamma (v)u) + \rho u-\mu u^l,\quad x\in \Omega ,\;t > 0, \cr & v_t = \Delta v-v + u,\quad x\in \Omega ,\;t > 0.} $$

$$l > \max \left\{ {\displaystyle{{n + 2} \over 2},2} \right\},$$

$$\left( {{\left( {\displaystyle{{\rho _ + } \over \mu }} \right)}^{1/(l-1)},{\left( {\displaystyle{{\rho _ + } \over \mu }} \right)}^{1/(l-1)}} \right)$$

We obtain spatial and temporal decay rates of weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations, and for strong solutions. For the spatial decay rate of the weak solutions, the power of the weight given by He and Xin in 2001 does not exceed 3/2;. However, we show the power can be extended up to 5/2;.

We consider the following elliptic equation:where m > 0, f(x, u)/u tends to a positive constant as u → + ∞. Here, the nonlinear term f(x, u) does not satisfy the usual condition, that is, for some θ > 0,which is important in using the mountain pass theorem. The aim of this paper is to discuss how to use the mountain pass theorem to show the existence of a positive solution to the present problem when we lose the above condition. Furthermore, if f(x, u) ≡ f(u), we also prove that the above problem has a ground state by using the artificial constraint method.

We obtain spatial and temporal decay rates of weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations, and for strong solutions. For the spatial decay rate of the weak solutions, the power of the weight given by He and Xin in 2001 does not exceed 3/2;. However, we show the power can be extended up to 5/2;.

We study travelling-front solutions of pyramidal shapes in the Allen–Cahn equation in ℝN with N ≥ 3. It is well known that two-dimensional V-form travelling fronts and three-dimensional pyramidal travelling fronts exist and are stable. The aim of this paper is to show that for N ≥ 4 there exist N-dimensional pyramidal travelling fronts. We construct a supersolution and a subsolution, and find a pyramidal travelling-front solution between them. For the construction of a supersolution we use a multi-scale method.

In this paper, we study the converse of comparison results for solutions to linear second-order elliptic equations. Namely, in the inequalities proved by G. Talenti and others, we study the case of equality and prove that “equalities are achieved only in the spherical situation”. We also present some applications of these results to semilinear elliptic equations.

Dual similarity solutions in the context of mixed convection are presented. In contrast to the Falkner–Skan solutions the bifurcation point is found to be distinct from the point of vanishing skin friction. The eigenvalue problem arising out of a stability analysis of these solutions is examined numerically. The numerical evidence would seem to indicate that the margin of stability is associated with the onset of reverse flow as opposed to the bifurcation point, as conjectured by Banks and Drazin in 1973.

We study the convergence to the stationary state for the parabolic equation u, = uxx + F(u). There exist wave-type solutions u(x, t) = φ(x − ct) for a continuum of velocities c. In the asymptotic behavior of this equation was investigated for a step function as initial data. In this paper we obtain the asymptotic behavior for a large class of monotone initial data.

All solutions with initial data in this class evolve to wave-type solutions, where the rate of decay of the initial data determines the asymptotic speed.

It has long been known, having been first, I believe, pointed out by Kant, and more recently brought very near to a practical conclusion by Delaunay, that the earth's rotational velocity is diminished by tidal agency, in virtue of the imperfect fluidity of the ocean. An integral effect of all the consumption of energy by fluid friction (or more properly speaking by continued deformation of fluid matter) in the tidal motions, is to cause the time of high water on an average for the whole earth to be not exactly either transit, or 6 o'clock, as it would be were the ocean a perfect fluid, but to be some time after transit, and before 6 o'clock.

Let Ω = ℝN or Ω be a bounded regular open set of ℝN and let γ(x, S): Ω × ℝ → ℝ be a continuous nondecreasing function in s, measurable in x, such that γ(x, 0) = 0 almost everywhere. We solve, for f ∈ L1(Ω), the problem (P): −Δu + γ(., u) = f in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω. (In fact, for this result, instead of assuming that γ is nondecreasing in s we need only that γ(x, s)s≧0.) We deduce an ‘almost’ necessary and sufficient condition on , in order that (P) has a solution. Roughly speaking, this condition is f = −ΔV + g, with g ∈ L1(Ω) and γ(., V) ∈ L1(Ω)

By using the concentration-compactness method of Lions [14, 16] and the mountain pass theorem of Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz [3], through a careful inspection of the energy balance for some sequence of approximated solutions, we show that under suitable conditions on f and h, the inhomogeneous problem. −Δu + c2u = λ(f(u) + h(x)) for x ∈ Ω (Ω is an exterior domain in ℝN, N≧ 3) and has at least two positive solutions.

We consider the boundary value problem

where Ω ⊂ ℝn is a bounded domain, n≧3, 2* = 2n/(n − 2) is the critical exponent for the Sobolev embedding and λ is a real positive parameter. We prove the existence of infinitely many solutions of (*) when Ω exhibits suitable symmetries.