The study of regular points for the Dirichlet problem has a long history. The probabilistic approach to regular points is originated by Doob [2] and [3] for Brownian motion and the heat process. The extension to general Markov processes is discussed in Dynkin [4] and [5]. They also clarified the relation between the fine topology and regular points.

Regular points are by definition reflected in the behaviour of sample paths of Markov processes. Further the inclusion relation of collections of regular points for open sets determines the strength and the weakness of fine topologies between two processes. Hence it is meaningful to compare the collections of regular points for compact or open sets between two Markov processes apart from the Dirichlet problem.

Let C and D be the unit circle and the open unit disk respectively. We shall use p(z,z′) to represent the non-Euclidean distance [3, p. 263] between the two points z and z′ in D, and X(w, w′) to represent the chordal distance between the two points w and w′ on the Riemann Sphere Ω.

Recently A. Hattori introduced in [7], [8], [9] the notion of simple algebras over a commutative ring. Especially, in [9], he examined, as a fundamental problem on simple algebras, whether a directly indecomposable semi-simple algebra is simple or not and gave affirmative answers to this in some particular cases. In this note we shall first prove, as a complete answer to this, that any directly indecomposable semi-simple algebra over a Noetherian ring is simple.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate way of dependency of Gaussian random fields X(D) indexed by a domain D in d-dimensional Euclidean space Rd. Our main tool is variational calculus, where the boundary of a domain varies and deforms and we appeal to the white noise analysis. We therefore assume that X(D) is expressed white noise integral of the form

(0.1) X(D) = X(D, W)=∫D F(D, u)W(u)du,

where W is the Rd-parameter white noise and the kernel F(D, u) is a square integrable function over Rd, and where D is a bounded domain with smooth boundary.

In 1988, I. Reider proved that for a smooth projective surface X and an ample line bundle L on X, Kx + 3L is globally generated and Kx + 4L is very ample ([12]). In fact his theorem is much stronger than this (see [12] for detail). Recently a lot of results have been obtained about effective base point freeness (cf. [1, 3, 8, 13, 14, 15]). In particular J. P. Demailly proved that 2KX + 12nnL is very ample for a smooth projective n-fold X and an ample line bundle L on X. [2] will give a good overview for these recent results. The motivation of these works is the following conjecture posed by T. Fujita.

The goal of this paper is to raise the possibility that there exists a meaningful theory of ‘motives’ associated with certain hypergeometric integrals, viewed as functions of their parameters. It goes beyond the classical theory of motives, but should be compatible with it. Such a theory would explain a recent and surprising conjecture arising in the context of scattering amplitudes for a motivic Galois group action on Gauss’s ${}_2F_1$ hypergeometric function, which we prove in this paper by direct means. More generally, we consider Lauricella hypergeometric functions and show, on the one hand, how the coefficients in their Taylor expansions can be promoted, via the theory of motivic fundamental groups, to motivic multiple polylogarithms. The latter are periods of ordinary motives and admit an action of the usual motivic Galois group, which we call the local action. On the other hand, we define lifts of the full Lauricella functions as matrix coefficients in a Tannakian category of twisted cohomology, which inherit an action of the corresponding Tannaka group. We call this the global action. We prove that these two actions, local and global, are compatible with each other, even though they are defined in completely different ways. The main technical tool is to prove that metabelian quotients of generalised Drinfeld associators on the punctured Riemann sphere are hypergeometric functions. We also study single-valued versions of these hypergeometric functions, which may be of independent interest.

In this article we shall prove the uniqueness and existense of a weak solution for the Cauchy problem of linear parabolic equations with discontinuous and unbounded coefficients

(1.1)

The classification of flag-transitive generalized quadrangles is a long-standing open problem at the interface of finite geometry and permutation group theory. Given that all known flag-transitive generalized quadrangles are also point-primitive (up to point–line duality), it is likewise natural to seek a classification of the point-primitive examples. Working toward this aim, we are led to investigate generalized quadrangles that admit a collineation group $G$ preserving a Cartesian product decomposition of the set of points. It is shown that, under a generic assumption on $G$, the number of factors of such a Cartesian product can be at most four. This result is then used to treat various types of primitive and quasiprimitive point actions. In particular, it is shown that $G$ cannot have holomorph compound O’Nan–Scott type. Our arguments also pose purely group-theoretic questions about conjugacy classes in nonabelian finite simple groups and fixities of primitive permutation groups.

We investigate products of certain double cosets for the symmetric group and use the findings to derive some multiplication formulas for the $q$-Schur superalgebras. This gives a combinatorialization of the relative norm approach developed in Du and Gu (A realization of the quantum supergroup$\mathbf{U}(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_{m|n})$, J. Algebra 404 (2014), 60–99). We then give several applications of the multiplication formulas, including the matrix representation of the regular representation and a semisimplicity criterion for $q$-Schur superalgebras. We also construct infinitesimal and little $q$-Schur superalgebras directly from the multiplication formulas and develop their semisimplicity criteria.

Let (X, ) be a measurable space and be a submarkovian resolvent of kernels (with the initial kernel V proper) on X which is absolutely continuous and has a dual resolvent (with the same properties) with respect to a σ-finite measure.

Let G be a reductive algebraic Lie group acting linearly on a (finite-dimensional) real vector-space U with a maximal compact isotropy subgroup K and suppose that the quotient Ω = G/K is a self-dual homogeneous cone in U. Let (G′, K′) be another such pair corresponding to a self-dual homogeneous cone Ω′ in U′.

A compact simply connected complex homogeneous manifold is said briefly a C-space, which was completely classified by H. C. Wang [12]. A C-space is called to be Kählerian if it admits a Kählerian metric such that a group of isometries acts transitively on it. Hermitian symmetric spaces of compact type are typical examples of a Kählerian C-space. Let M be an arbitrary Kählerian C-space and R its curvature tensor. M. Itoh [6] expressed R in the language of Lie algebra and investigated various properties of R. In this paper, we study higher covariant derivatives of R.

In this paper we shall prove some congruence relations mod pα between the traces of Hecke operators T(pm) which act on the space of cusp forms of different weights satisfying some congruences mod pα – pα-1. The method of the proof is very simple and is applicable to all the cases where the trace formula for Hecke operators are already known.

Let $s\in \mathbb{R}$ and $0<p\leqslant \infty$. The fractional Fock–Sobolev spaces $F_{\mathscr{R}}^{s,p}$ are introduced through the fractional radial derivatives $\mathscr{R}^{s/2}$. We describe explicitly the reproducing kernels for the fractional Fock–Sobolev spaces $F_{\mathscr{R}}^{s,2}$ and then get the pointwise size estimate of the reproducing kernels. By using the estimate, we prove that the fractional Fock–Sobolev spaces $F_{\mathscr{R}}^{s,p}$ are identified with the weighted Fock spaces $F_{s}^{p}$ that do not involve derivatives. So, the study on the Fock–Sobolev spaces is reduced to that on the weighted Fock spaces.

We show that the cohomology intersection number of a twisted Gauss–Manin connection with regularization condition is a rational function. As an application, we obtain a new quadratic relation associated to period integrals of a certain family of K3 surfaces.

At first, we fix the notation. Let k = C and we shall work in the category of schemes over k. For an algebraic variety V of dimension n, we have the following numerical invariants:

• Pm(V) = the m-genus of V,

• q(V) = the irregularity of V,

• k(V) = the Kodaira dimension of V;

• = the logarithmic m-genus of V,

• = the logarithmic irregularity of V,

• = the logarithmic Kodaira dimension of V.

In the Plücker formula for a curve embedded in a higher dimensional projective space, one encounters the notion of stationary point (cf, [B], [W]). W. F. Pohl gave new view point about it in terms of vector bundles and he defined “the singularities of embedding” (cf. [P]). At first, we shall give dual formulation of Pohl’s one by means of the sheaf of principal parts of order n, and next we shall prove the following: If an elliptic curve is embedded in (n — l)-dimensional projective space as a curve of degree n, singularities of projective embedding of order n — 1 are exactly the points of order n with suitable choice of a neutral element on the curve which is an abelian variety of dimension one. The proof is given by making use of the relation between and Schwarzenberger’s secant bundle which we shall also give.

In the previous paper [3] we have studied Green functions with singularity φ ∈ Φ, especially in connection with regular points.

The category of Cohen–Macaulay modules of an algebra $B_{k,n}$ is used in Jensen et al. (A categorification of Grassmannian cluster algebras, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 113(2) (2016), 185–212) to give an additive categorification of the cluster algebra structure on the homogeneous coordinate ring of the Grassmannian of $k$-planes in $n$-space. In this paper, we find canonical Auslander–Reiten sequences and study the Auslander–Reiten translation periodicity for this category. Furthermore, we give an explicit construction of Cohen–Macaulay modules of arbitrary rank. We then use our results to establish a correspondence between rigid indecomposable modules of rank 2 and real roots of degree 2 for the associated Kac–Moody algebra in the tame cases.