A construction of finite semifield planes of order n using irreducible semilinear transformations on a finite vector space of size n is shown to produce fewer than different nondesarguesian planes.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the almost sure stability with a certain rate function λ(t) for a class of stochastic evolution equations in infinite dimensional spaces under various sufficient conditions. The results obtained here include exponential and polynomial stability as special cases. Much more refined sufficient conditions than the usual ones, for example, those described in [14], are obtained under our framework by the method of Liapunov functions. Two examples are given to illustrate our theory.

Given a vector field on a manifold $M$, we define a globally conserved quantity to be a differential form whose Lie derivative is exact. Integrals of conserved quantities over suitable submanifolds are constant under time evolution, the Kelvin circulation theorem being a well-known special case. More generally, conserved quantities are well behaved under transgression to spaces of maps into $M$. We focus on the case of multisymplectic manifolds and Hamiltonian vector fields. Our main result is that in the presence of a Lie group of symmetries admitting a homotopy co-momentum map, one obtains a whole family of globally conserved quantities. This extends a classical result in symplectic geometry. We carry this out in a general setting, considering several variants of the notion of globally conserved quantity.

For every group G, the set $\mathcal {P}(G)$ of its subsets forms a semiring under set-theoretical union $\cup $ and element-wise multiplication $\cdot $, and forms an involution semigroup under $\cdot $ and element-wise inversion ${}^{-1}$. We show that if the group G is finite, non-Dedekind, and solvable, neither the semiring $(\mathcal {P}(G),\cup ,\cdot )$ nor the involution semigroup $(\mathcal {P}(G),\cdot ,{}^{-1})$ admits a finite identity basis. We also solve the finite basis problem for the semiring of Hall relations over any finite set.

We exhibit a variation of the Lazard Elimination theorem for free restricted Lie algebras, and apply it to two problems about finite group actions on free Lie algebras over fields of positive characteristic.

Iseki [11] defined a general notion of ergodicity suitable for functions ϕ: J → X where J is an arbitrary abelian semigroup and X is a Banach space. In this paper we develop the theory of such functions, showing in particular that it fits the general framework established by Eberlein [9] for ergodicity of semigroups of operators acting on X. Moreover, let A be a translation invariant closed subspace of the space of all bounded functions from J to X. We prove that if A contains the constant functions and ϕ is an ergodic function whose differences lie in A then ϕ ∈ A. This result has applications to spaces of sequences facilitating new proofs of theorems of Gelfand and Katznelson-Tzafriri [12]. We also obtain a decomposition for the space of ergodic vectors of a representation T: J → L(X) generalizing results known for the case J = Z+. Finally, when J is a subsemigroup of a locally compact abelian group G, we compare the Iseki integrals with the better known Cesàro integrals.

The optimistic limit is a mathematical formulation of the classical limit, which is a physical method to estimate the actual limit by using the saddle-point method of a certain potential function. The original optimistic limit of the Kashaev invariant was formulated by Yokota, and a modified formulation was suggested by the author and others. This modified version is easier to handle and more combinatorial than the original one. On the other hand, it is known that the Kashaev invariant coincides with the evaluation of the colored Jones polynomial at a certain root of unity. This optimistic limit of the colored Jones polynomial was also formulated by the author and others, but it is very complicated and needs many unnatural assumptions. In this article, we suggest a modified optimistic limit of the colored Jones polynomial, following the idea of the modified optimistic limit of the Kashaev invariant, and show that it determines the complex volume of a hyperbolic link. Furthermore, we show that this optimistic limit coincides with the optimistic limit of the Kashaev invariant modulo $4{\it\pi}^{2}$. This new version is easier to handle and more combinatorial than the old version, and has many advantages over the modified optimistic limit of the Kashaev invariant. Because of these advantages, several applications have already appeared and more are in preparation.

Let $F$ be a field of characteristic $p\geq 0$ and $G$ any group. In this article, the Engel property of the group of units of the group algebra $FG$ is investigated. We show that if $G$ is locally finite, then ${\mathcal{U}}(FG)$ is an Engel group if and only if $G$ is locally nilpotent and $G^{\prime }$ is a $p$-group. Suppose that the set of nilpotent elements of $FG$ is finite. It is also shown that if $G$ is torsion, then ${\mathcal{U}}(FG)$ is an Engel group if and only if $G^{\prime }$ is a finite $p$-group and $FG$ is Lie Engel, if and only if ${\mathcal{U}}(FG)$ is locally nilpotent. If $G$ is nontorsion but $FG$ is semiprime, we show that the Engel property of ${\mathcal{U}}(FG)$ implies that the set of torsion elements of $G$ forms an abelian normal subgroup of $G$.

Properties of the funnel boundary are investigated for multivalued dynamical systems defined axiomatically in terms of attainability set mappings on complete, locally compact metric state spaces. The set of regular boundary events is shown to be dense in the funnel boundary and theorems of Fukuhara and Zaremba on peripheral attainability are generalized to the systems considered here.

In this paper, we obtain some trace inequalities for arbitrary finite positive definite operators. Finally an open question is presented.

Focussing on complete regularity, we discuss the separation properties of bitopological spaces. The unifying concept is that of separation by a pair of bases (B1, B2) for the closed sets of a bitopological space (S, J1, J2). For various separation properties a characterization is presented in terms of separation by a pair of closed bases. This is extended to results concerning pairs of subbases. Here the notion of screening by pairs of subbases plays a central role and the characterization of complete regularity in a natural way fits in between those of regularity and normality. In the key lemma the relation with quasi-proximities is exhibited.

We shall be concerned with problem 7 of Hanna Neumann [7], which asks: Prove or disprove that if U and B are varieties, and neither of U and B is contained in the other, then U ∪ B and [U, B] are decomposable if and only if U and B have a common non-trivial right hand factor.

Let $r,n>1$ be integers and $q$ be any prime power $q$ such that $r\mid q^{n}-1$. We say that the extension $\mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}/\mathbb{F}_{q}$ possesses the line property for $r$-primitive elements property if, for every $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\in \mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}^{\ast }$ such that $\mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}=\mathbb{F}_{q}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703})$, there exists some $x\in \mathbb{F}_{q}$ such that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}+x)$ has multiplicative order $(q^{n}-1)/r$. We prove that, for sufficiently large prime powers $q$, $\mathbb{F}_{q^{n}}/\mathbb{F}_{q}$ possesses the line property for $r$-primitive elements. We also discuss the (weaker) translate property for extensions.

Let E1 and E2 be real Banach spaces. We denote by E12 the Banach space of all bounded linear operators mapping E1 into E2 with the usual operator norm. By Dr we denote the open ball of radius r, centred at the origin.

Palindromes are those reduced words of free products of groups that coincide with their reverse words. We prove that a free product of groups G has infinite palindromic width, provided that G is not the free product of two cyclic groups of order two (Theorem 2.4). This means that there is no uniform bound k such that every element of G is a product of at most k palindromes. Earlier, the similar fact was established for non-abelian free groups. The proof of Theorem 2.4 makes use of the ideas by Rhemtulla developed for the study of the widths of verbal subgroups of free products.

It is shown that a sequence of completely positive linear maps on a W*-algebra that converges pointwise in norm to the identity converges uniformly.

We study the residual finiteness of free products with amalgamations and HNN-extensions of finitely generated nilpotent groups. We give a characterization in terms of certain conditions satisfied by the associated subgroups. In particular the residual finiteness of these groups implies the possibility of extending the isomorphism of the associated subgroups to an isomorphism of their isolated closures in suitable overgroups of the factors (or the base group in case of HNN-extensions).

Numerical range theory for linear operators on normed linear spaces and for elements of normed algebras is now firmly established and the main results of this study are conveniently presented by Bonsall and Duncan in (1971) and (1973). An extension of the spatial numerical range for a class of operators on locally convex spaces was outlined by Moore in (1969) and (1969a), and an extension of the algebra numerical range for elements of locally m-convex algebras was presented by Giles and Koehler (1973). It is our aim in this paper to contribute further to Moore's work by extending the concept of spatial numerical range to a wider class of operators on locally convex spaces.

The generating graph $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}(H)$ of a finite group $H$ is the graph defined on the elements of $H$, with an edge between two vertices if and only if they generate $H$. We show that if $H$ is a sufficiently large simple group with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}(G)\cong \unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}(H)$ for a finite group $G$, then $G\cong H$. We also prove that the generating graph of a symmetric group determines the group.

In this paper we generalize a recent result of Freedman (1973) concerning the cardinality of the type set of a rank two torsion-free abelian group. We show that if A is such a group and A supports a non-trivial associative ring then the type set of A contains at most three elements.