Invasive plants’ ability to extend their range depends upon their local environment and both positive and negative interactions with native species. Interactions between invasive and native plants may be indirectly linked to the soil fungal community, which may enhance or suppress invasion through mutualism or parasitism. Many invasive plants preferentially select fungal communities or change soil chemistry to gain a competitive advantage, and such changes can remain even after the invader is removed, known as legacy effects. Linaria vulgaris is an invasive forb that is aggressive in the Western U.S. but is non-aggressive in the Midwestern U.S. We evaluated the relationship between soil abiotic properties, nitrogen (N) enrichment, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community composition and L. vulgaris invasion in aggressive (CO) and non-aggressive (IL) populations. We collected soil from uninvaded and invaded sites in Gothic, CO, and near Chicago, IL, and sequenced AMF community composition in each site. Using the same soil, we grew L. vulgaris and native species for 120 days, with half of pots receiving N-fertilization, and harvested biomass. We also injected a 15N-labelled tracer in pots and analyzed plant tissue for 15N enrichment and N uptake rates (NUR). In CO soil, L. vulgaris rhizomes sprouted more in invaded soil, whereas in IL soil, L. vulgaris only sprouted in uninvaded soil. N-fertilization had no impact on biomass and NUR did not differ significantly between any treatment. AMF communities differed between the two sites but were not significantly influenced by invasion history. Our results suggest that L. vulgaris leaves legacy effects, but that these effects are different between aggressive and non-aggressive populations. Legacy effects may facilitate reinvasion in CO, but we did not find conclusive evidence of legacy effects in IL, and differences between the sites could be shaped by endemic AMF communities.

Let $\mathcal {A}$ be an abelian length category containing a d-cluster tilting subcategory $\mathcal {M}$. We prove that a subcategory of $\mathcal {M}$ is a d-torsion class if and only if it is closed under d-extensions and d-quotients. This generalises an important result for classical torsion classes. As an application, we prove that the d-torsion classes in $\mathcal {M}$ form a complete lattice. Moreover, we use the characterisation to classify the d-torsion classes associated to higher Auslander algebras of type $\mathbb {A}$, and give an algorithm to compute them explicitly. The classification is furthermore extended to the setup of higher Nakayama algebras.

Relatively, recent work by Jeganathan (2008, Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper 1649) and Wang (2014, Econometric Theory, 30(3), 509–535) on generalized martingale central limit theorems (MCLTs) implicitly introduces a new class of instrument arrays that yield (mixed) Gaussian limit theory irrespective of the persistence level in the data. Motivated by these developments, we propose a new semiparametric method for estimation and inference in nonlinear predictive regressions with persistent predictors. The proposed method that we term chronologically trimmed least squares (CTLS) is comparable to the IVX method of Phillips and Magdalinos (2009, Econometric inference in the vicinity of unity. Mimeo, Singapore Management University) and yields conventional inference in regressions where the nature and extent of persistence in the data are uncertain. In terms of model generality, our contribution to the existing literature is twofold. First, our covariate model space allows for both nearly integrated (NI) and fractional processes (stationary and nonstationary) as a special case, while the vast majority of articles in this area only consider NI arrays. Second, we allow for nonlinear regression functions. The CTLS estimator is obtained by applying certain chronological trimming to the OLS instruments using appropriate kernel functions of time trend variables. In particular, the instruments under consideration are a generalized (averaged) version of those widely used for time-varying parameter (TVP) models. For the purposes of our analysis, we develop a novel asymptotic theory for sample averages of various processes weighted by such kernel functionals which is of independent interest and highly relevant to the TVP literature. Leveraging our nonlinear framework, we also provide an investigation on the effects of misbalancing on the predictability hypothesis. A new methodology is proposed to mitigate misbalancing effects. These methods are used for exploring the predictability of SP500 returns.

The passage into law of the Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023 (ECCTA 2023) marks the first time that Parliament has made significant changes to the common law principles of corporate criminal liability. First, for fault-based crimes, the ECCTA 2023 extends the common law practice of identifying a company with the criminal acts of its directors. By virtue of section 196 of the Act, a company may now also be identified with fault-based criminal acts engaged in by its ‘senior managers’ below directorial level. Secondly, the ECCTA 2023 creates a new corporate offence of failing to prevent fraud, although this may be committed only by so-called ‘large organisations’. I argue that the first of these reforms was not properly thought through, and that it should in any event have been made largely redundant by giving wider scope to the second of these reforms. An opportunity was missed in the ECCTA 2023 to make a failure-to-prevent serious crime a more generally applicable principle of corporate criminal liability.

Art is what the body does, not only with its hands, vocal cords or feet in obedience to the commands of the mastermind (which is the conscious mind) but also with its cells and tissues, hormonal networks and glands, as well as, more generally what it does with matter, including the materials from which an inanimate body is, strictly speaking, crafted (Marder 2019).

Advancement of antimicrobial stewardship (AS) programs requires partnership with clinicians, quality assurance teams, and laboratorians. Inevitably, AS programs also practice diagnostic stewardship (DS), as stewards are aptly placed to connect key stakeholders and help steer processes toward higher value care for pediatric patients. In this review, we illustrate five moments of collaboration between stakeholders in the interplay between AS and DS in pediatrics. These moments include (1) Observation, (2) Reflection, (3) Exploration, (4) Enactment and (5) Evaluation. We offer a targeted narrative of examples in current literature using common relatable scenarios (ie, endotracheal aspirates, blood cultures, gastrointestinal samples, and urine testing) including impact on financial and environmental waste.

Patent ductal arteriosus stenting is an alternative procedure in patients with pulmonary-ductal-dependent circulation. Stent embolization is one of the major acute complications of ductal stenting procedure. We describe the case of a stent embolization into the abdominal aorta during the deployment of ductal stent in a premature low-weight infant (1.850 kg), affected by critical pulmonary stenosis and duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. The stent was successfully retrieved through a 4F Flexor catheter without vascular complication by using a new approach.

This article focuses on the problem of the categorization of the adverb sans doute as an epistemico-modal marker or an evidential marker. Starting from a critical appraisal of an analysis proposed by Bourmayan et Ashino, in which sans doute is considered fundamentally epistemico-modal, three hypotheses are presented, which depart from theirs. First, sans doute has as its main lexical element an inferential evidential value: it signals that the content qualified by the adverb is the result of a defeasible type of inference from clues/premises. Second, due to the defeasibility of the inference, the statement containing the adverb takes on, invariably, a pragmatic value of non-certainty, not lexically coded, however. Sans doute is thus not an epistemico-modal marker by itself in contemporary French. Third, the adverb combines these values with an epistemic value of what we call “posture of certainty”. Different from epistemic modality, which refers to an evaluation in terms of certainty, and/or to the epistemic cognitive state linked to that, posture of certainty refers to what can be called the tone or epistemic behavior of confidence the speaker shows. Sans doute therefore indicates without contradiction, a defeasible and, thus, uncertain hypothesis, presented with a tone of full confidence.