This chapter delves into the politics of factionalism in Gaza, its causes, development, the impact of external factors, and its effects. It surveys the main bones of contention within the Gazan elite, presents portraits of elite families and political personalities, and discusses the relationships between the Gazan elite and outside forces. It focuses on the rise of the Shawwa family and its allies the Busaysus, erstwhile supporters of the Husaynis, who at some point in the mid-1890s turned against them for unknown reasons and eventually were able to oust them from control over the city’s politics in 1898, when the leadership of the Husayni family was exiled by the Ottoman government to Ankara. The rise of the Shawwa–Busaysu coalition, whose source of power was the newly created municipality, was accompanied by a spatial divide of the city between the neighborhood of Daraj where most of the elite families, including the Husaynis, resided, and the relatively poor neighborhood of Shajaʿiyya, the stronghold of the opposition. This led to what here is termed “spatialized factionalism,” a new concept that is discussed at length. Gaza’s factionalism is then analyzed in comparison to late Ottoman cities in Bilad al-Sham.

The literature on Indigenous language revitalization is dominated by sociolinguistic and normative approaches that focus on “the vitality of languages, the multiple facets of linguistic landscapes, and the effects of language policies on individuals and groups” (Sonntag and Cardinal, 2015: 6). Very little research, however, has been done using the tools of political science and public policy to analyze the emergence of language policies or the choices made by governments and organizations to protect, preserve and revitalize Indigenous languages. Using an historical institutionalist approach, this paper will examine the decline and revitalization of Manx Gaelic (Manx), the Indigenous language of the Isle of Man, a small island jurisdiction in the British Isles. Manx has been critically endangered for many decades, following its slow decline during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, but in recent years has undergone a process of revitalization spearheaded by civil society organizations in partnership with government. The chapter identifies and discusses the reasons why Manx went into decline and the opportunities and challenges associated with promoting and sustaining its revitalization.

We consider Minimal Supergravity, starting with the masses and parameters of MSSM, followed by the supergravity extension. Then, susy breaking is treated, in particular in the mechanisms for the MSSM and MinSugra cases. The MinSugra case, with its gravity mediation mechanism, is described in detail, and the Polonyi model is given as an example.

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency with a mortality rate of 20–30%.[1] SE can have long-term consequences such as neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks.[2] Severe neurological or cognitive sequelae have been reported in 11–16% of survivors.[3] The annual direct inpatient cost of SE is estimated to be over $4 billion in the United States.[4]

There is an estimated global incidence of 12.6 episodes of SE per 100,000 person-years.[5] However, it is worth noting that the definition of the clinical and electrographic findings consistent with SE have changed over time and can vary depending on which definition is being used. Additionally, there are multiple different semiologies of SE. The most commonly accepted definition for convulsive SE is either 5 minutes or more of continuous seizure activity or two or more discrete seizures between which there is incomplete recovery of consciousness.[6]

The central topic here is the abstract theory of weak convergence of probability measures on a Polish space. The basic theory is developed in §9.1. In §9.2 I apply the theory to prove the existence of regular conditional probability distributions, and in §9.3 I use it to derive Donsker’s Invariance Principle (i.e., the pathspace statement of the Central Limit Theorem).

This chapter will briefly describe the outcomes of a coroner’s inquest: the findings available to the coroner, and the types of concerns that they can express. It will also explain Regulation 28 (Prevention of Future Death) reports.