This chapter explains what has been meant by energy security in different periods and research contexts. It elaborates on the history of energy security research and creates a typology of internal and external dimensions of energy security. Subsequently, the chapter describes the research on the geopolitics of energy, focusing on the geopolitics of renewable energy and the different implications envisaged to unfold from the energy transition. The chapter ends with a brief summary of the EU’s approach to energy security. The chapter, thereby, creates a research context for the empirical analyses conducted in this book.

The global and historical entanglements between articifial intelligence (AI)/robotic technologies and Buddhism, as a lived religion and philosophical tradition, are significant. This chapter sets out three key sites of interaction between Buddhism and AI/robotics. First, Buddhism, as an ontological model of mind (and body) that describes the conditions for what constitutes artificial life. Second, Buddhism defines the boundaries of moral personhood and thus the nature of interactions between human and non-human actors. And finally, Buddhism can be used as an ethical framework to regulate and direct the development of AI/robotics technologies. It argues that Buddhism provides an approach to technology that is grounded in the interdependence of all things, and this gives rise to both compassion and an ethical commitment to alleviate suffering.

Chapter 2 maps out Guru Nanak’s poetic repertoire spread across the 1,430 pages of the GGS. Most of his 974 compositions are framed in nineteen of the thirty-one Guru Granth rāga sections. The chapter proceeds sequentially through each rāga. Thus we are introduced to some of Guru Nanak’s major compositions such as his two acrostics Paṭī Likhī in Rāga Asa and Dakhaṇī Oankār in Rāga Ramkali, his twelve-month Bārah Māhā poem in Rāga Tukhari, his three ballads in Rāgas Majh, Asa, and Malar, his Siddhagoshta in Rāga Ramkali, and several of his shorter works like the Babur hymns. Many of these genres were popular in the romantic and devotional literature of medieval India. By sampling Guru Nanak’s works in the order that they are framed in the GGS, audiences are guided through the wide range of his oeuvre, while giving them a real feel for it.

Although the 13 United States courts of appeals are the final word on 99 percent of all federal cases, there is no detailed account of how these courts operate. How do judges decide which decisions are binding precedents and which are not? Who decides whether appeals are argued orally? What administrative structures do these courts have? The answers to these and hundreds of other questions are largely unknown, not only to lawyers and legal academics but also to many within the judiciary itself. Written and Unwritten is the first book to provide an inside look at how these courts operate. An unprecedented contribution to the field of judicial administration, the book collects the differing local rules and internal procedures of each court of appeals. In-depth interviews of the chief judges of all 13 circuits and surveys of all clerks of court reveal previously undisclosed practices and customs.

Can we form true propositions about God? Some say no – but one would have to know a great deal about God in order to be certain that one could not know anything else about Him. At every stage of his writing, St. Thomas has taught that what we can say about God is limited. In this life we do not see His very essence, and the mere backwash of His glory would overwhelm us. However, whether our little speeches are inadequate is not the question: rather we should ask whether their inadequacy makes them false. Can we say anything positive about God? Throughout this book St. Thomas has been making affirmative statements about Him. But even if we can, then what kinds can we make, and in what sense should we take them? We might even ask what it is about the reality of God that makes talking about His reality so difficult – and yet so important.

Summarizes the industrial policies of the US from 1974 to 2007, the era when the US, faced with mounting economic problems, mistakenly sought to solve them by doubling down on free markets.

The N = 1 four-dimensional supergravity is described in superspace, in the super-geometric approach. We discuss the invariances, gauge choices, and the fields, then the superspace constraints, and then solve the constraints and the Bianchi identities.

Because they are not needed earlier, conditional expectations do not appear until Chapter 5. The advantage gained by this postponement is that, by the time I introduce them, I have an ample supply of examples to which conditioning can be applied; the disadvantage is that, with considerable justice, many probabilists feel that one is not doing probability theory until one is conditioning. Be that as it may, Kolmogorov’s definition is given in §5.1 and is shown to extend naturally to both σ-finite measure spaces and random variables with values in a Banach space. Section 5.2 presents Doob’s basic theory of real-valued, discrete parameter martingales: Doob’s Inequality, his Stopping Time Theorem, and his Martingale Convergence Theorem. In the last part of §5.2, I introduce reversed martingales and apply them to DeFinetti’s theory of exchangeable random variables.