We prove new results concerning the additive Galois module structure of wildly ramified non-abelian extensions $K/\mathbb{Q}$ with Galois group isomorphic to $A_4$, $S_4$, $A_5$, and dihedral groups of order $2p^n$ for certain prime powers $p^n$. In particular, when $K/\mathbb{Q}$ is a Galois extension with Galois group $G$ isomorphic to $A_4$, $S_4$ or $A_5$, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_{K}$ to be free over its associated order in the rational group algebra $\mathbb{Q}[G]$.

The Hopf–Galois structures admitted by a Galois extension of fields $ L/K $ with Galois group G correspond bijectively with certain subgroups of $ \mathrm{Perm}(G) $. We use a natural partition of the set of such subgroups to obtain a method for partitioning the set of corresponding Hopf–Galois structures, which we term ρ-conjugation. We study properties of this construction, with particular emphasis on the Hopf–Galois analogue of the Galois correspondence, the connection with skew left braces, and applications to questions of integral module structure in extensions of local or global fields. In particular, we show that the number of distinct ρ-conjugates of a given Hopf–Galois structure is determined by the corresponding skew left brace, and that if $ H, H^{\prime} $ are Hopf algebras giving ρ-conjugate Hopf–Galois structures on a Galois extension of local or global fields $ L/K $ then an ambiguous ideal $ \mathfrak{B} $ of L is free over its associated order in H if and only if it is free over its associated order in Hʹ. We exhibit a variety of examples arising from interactions with existing constructions in the literature.

Let $F_{\pi }$ be a finite Galois-algebra extension of a number field F, with group G. Suppose that $F_{\pi }/F$ is weakly ramified and that the square root $A_\pi $ of the inverse different $\mathfrak {D}_{\pi }^{-1}$ is defined. (This latter condition holds if, for example, $|G|$ is odd.) Erez has conjectured that the class $(A_\pi )$ of $A_\pi $ in the locally free class group $\operatorname {\mathrm {Cl}}(\mathbf {Z} G)$ of $\mathbf {Z} G$ is equal to the Cassou–Noguès–Fröhlich root number class $W(F_{\pi }/F)$ associated with $F_\pi /F$. This conjecture has been verified in many cases. We establish a precise formula for $(A_\pi )$ in terms of $W(F_{\pi }/F)$ in all cases where $A_\pi $ is defined and $F_\pi /F$ is tame, and are thereby able to deduce that, in general, $(A_\pi )$ is not equal to $W(F_\pi /F)$.

Let $p$ be a prime and let $G$ be a finite group. By a celebrated theorem of Swan, two finitely generated projective $\mathbb{Z}_{p}[G]$-modules $P$ and $P^{\prime }$ are isomorphic if and only if $\mathbb{Q}_{p}\otimes _{\mathbb{Z}_{p}}P$ and $\mathbb{Q}_{p}\otimes _{\mathbb{Z}_{p}}P^{\prime }$ are isomorphic as $\mathbb{Q}_{p}[G]$-modules. We prove an Iwasawa-theoretic analogue of this result and apply this to the Iwasawa theory of local and global fields. We thereby determine the structure of natural Iwasawa modules up to (pseudo-)isomorphism.

This paper introduces a new approach to the study of certain aspects of Galois module theory by combining ideas arising from the study of the Galois structure of torsors of finite group schemes with techniques coming from relative algebraic $K$-theory.

Let k be a number field with ring of integers $\mathfrak{O}_k$, and let $\Gamma=A_4$ be the tetrahedral group. For each tame Galois extension N/k with group isomorphic to $\Gamma$, the ring of integers $\mathfrak{O}_{N}$ of N determines a class in the locally free class group $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathfrak{O}_k[\Gamma])$. We show that the set of classes in $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathfrak{O}_k[\Gamma])$ realized in this way is the kernel of the augmentation homomorphism from $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathfrak{O}_k[\Gamma])$ to the ideal class group $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathfrak{O}_k)$. This refines a result of Godin and Sodaïgui (J. Number Theory98 (2003), 320–328) on Galois module structure over a maximal order in $k[\Gamma]$. To the best of our knowledge, our result gives the first case where the set of realizable classes in $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathfrak{O}_k[\Gamma])$ has been determined for a nonabelian group $\Gamma$ and an arbitrary number field k.

For an arbitrary finite Galois $p$-extension $L/K$ of ${{\mathbb{Z}}_{p}}$-cyclotomic number fields of $\text{CM}$-type with Galois group $G=\text{Gal}(L/K)$ such that the Iwasawa invariants $\mu _{K}^{-},\,\mu _{L}^{-}$ are zero, we obtain unconditionally and explicitly the Galois module structure of $C_{L}^{-}\,(p)$, the minus part of the $p$-subgroup of the class group of $L$. For an arbitrary finite Galois $p$-extension $L/K$ of algebraic function fields of one variable over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$ as its exact field of constants with Galois group $G=\text{Gal}(L/K)$ we obtain unconditionally and explicitly the Galois module structure of the $p$-torsion part of the Jacobian variety ${{J}_{L}}(p)$ associated to $L/k$.

Let $N/K$ be a biquadratic extension of algebraic number fields, and $G\,=\,\text{Gal(}N/K\text{)}$. Under a weak restriction on the ramification filtration associated with each prime of $K$ above 2, we explicitly describe the $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-module structure of each ambiguous ideal of $N$. We find under this restriction that in the representation of each ambiguous ideal as a $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-module, the exponent (or multiplicity) of each indecomposable module is determined by the invariants of ramification, alone.

For a given group, $G$, define ${{S}_{G}}$ to be the set of indecomposable $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-modules, $M$, such that there is an extension, $N/K$, for which $G\cong \text{Gal(}N/K\text{)}$, and $M$ is a $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-module summand of an ambiguous ideal of $N$. Can ${{S}_{G}}$ ever be infinite? In this paper we answer this question of Chinburg in the affirmative.