We prove that each positive power of the maximal ideal of a commutative Noetherian local ring is Tor-rigid and strongly rigid. This gives new characterizations of regularity and, in particular, shows that such ideals satisfy the torsion condition of a long-standing conjecture of Huneke and Wiegand.

Let H be a subgroup of Γ, the modular group. Let h be the number of orbits of under the action of H. In each orbit, the stabilizers are H-conjugate. Let U be the mapping z↦z + 1. Each stabilizer is Γ-conjugate to 〈Uc〉 for some non-negative integer c. The integer c is the cusp-width of the orbit. Let h0 be the number of orbits with non-trivial stabilizer, i.e. with c>0. The sequence (c(1), …, c(h0)) of non-zero cuspwidths is the cusp-split of H. Clearly, h0<h, and h∞ = h−h0 is the number of orbits with trivial stabilizer.

In their paper [1], Campbell and Jamison attempted to give necessary and sufficient conditions for a weighted composition operator on an L2 space to be normal, and to be quasinormal. Those conditions, specifically Theorems I and II of that paper, are not valid (see [2] for precise comments on the other results in that paper). In this paper we present a counterexample to those theorems and state and prove characterizations of quasinormality (Theorem 1 below) and normality (Theorem 2 and Corollary 3 below). We also discuss additional examples and information concerning normal weighted composition operators which contribute to the further understanding of this class.

It is well known that the category of finite groups has no non-trivial injective objects. In general, a group is said to be quasi-injective if for every subgroup H of G and homomorphism f:H → G there exists an endomorphism F:G → G such that F|H = G. In other words, a group is quasi-injective whenever each homomorphism from a subgroup into the group can be extended to the whole group.

We show that the set of complex numbers which are badly approximable by ratios of elements of the ring of integers in , where D ∈ {1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 19, 43, 67, 163} has maximal Hausdorff dimension. In addition, the intersection of these sets is shown to have maximal dimension. The results remain true when the sets in question are intersected with a suitably regular fractal set.

Let {Si; i ε I} be a finite or infinite family of cancellative semigroups. Let U be a cancellative semigroup, and suppose that there exists, for each i in I, a monomorphism φi: u→ Si. We are interested in finding a semigroup T with the following properties.

(a) For each i in I, there is a monomorphism λi: Si → T such that uφiλi = uøjλi for all u ɛ U and all i, j in I. That is to say, there exists a monomorphism λ: U → T which equals øiλi for all i in I.

Siλi∩Sjλj = Uλ (i, j ε I; i ≠ j).

Let L^2_a (D, d\sigma d\theta /2\pi ) be a complete weighted Bergman space on the open unit disc D, where d\sigma is a positive finite Borel measure on [0, 1). We show the following : when \phi is a continuous function on the closed unit disc \bar {D}, T_\phi is compact if and only if \phi = 0 on \partial D.

1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 47B35, 47B07.

Let H be a real Hilbert space and denote by S its unit sphere. Consider the nonlinear eigenvalue problem Ax + ε B(x) =δ x, where A: H → H is a bounded self-adjoint (linear) operator with nontrivial kernel Ker A, and B: H → H is a (possibly) nonlinear perturbation term. A unit eigenvector x0 ∈ S∩ Ker A of A (thus corresponding to the eigenvalue δ=0, which we assume to be isolated) is said to be persistent, or a bifurcation point (from the sphere S∩ Ker A), if it is close to solutions x ∈ S of the above equation for small values of the parameters δ ∈ ℝ and ε ≠ 0. In this paper, we prove that if B is a C1 gradient mapping and the eigenvalue δ=0 has finite multiplicity, then the sphere S∩ Ker A contains at least one bifurcation point, and at least two provided that a supplementary condition on the potential of B is satisfied. These results add to those already proved in the non-variational case, where the multiplicity of the eigenvalue is required to be odd.

Using classification theorems ofsimple groups, we give a proof of a conjecture on factorized finite groups which is an extension of awell known theorem due to P. Hall.

We consider the primes which divide the denominator of the $x$-coordinate of a sequence of rational points on an elliptic curve. It is expected that for every sufficiently large value of the index, each term should be divisible by a primitive prime divisor, one that has not appeared in any earlier term. Proofs of this are known in only a few cases. Weaker results in the general direction are given, using a strong form of Siegel's Theorem and some congruence arguments. Our main result is applied to the study of prime divisors of Somos sequences.

A Riesz operator is a bounded linear operator on a Banach space which possesses a Riesz spectral theory. These operators have been studied in [5] and [6]. In §2 of this paper we characterise Riesz operators in terms of their resolvent operators. In [6] it was shown that every Riesz operator on a Hilbert space can be decomposed into the sum of compact and quasi-nilpotent parts. §3 contains an example to show that these parts cannot, in general, be chosen to commute. In §4 the eigenset of a Riesz operator is defined. It is a sequence of quadruples each of which consists of an eigenvalue, the corresponding spectral projection, index and nilpotent part. This sequence satisfies certain obvious conditions, and the question arises of the existence of a Riesz operator which has such a sequence as its eigenset. We give an example of an eigenset which has no corresponding Riesz operator.

Let R be a ring and let S = Spec R. Let us consider the étale fini topology on S [5]. By a form of a given S-scheme T we mean any affine S-scheme W that is locally (in the étale fini topology) isomorphic to T. We shall consider forms of the R-schemes T = Spec R[X] and T = Spec R[X, Y].

Let A be a commutative Noetherian ring (with non-zero identity). The Cousin complex C(A) for A is described in [6, §2]: it is a complex of A-modules and A-homomorphisms

with the property that, for each n≥0,

Cohen-Macaulay rings may be characterized in terms of the Cousin complex: A is a Cohen-Macaulay ring if and only if C(A) is exact [6, (4.7)]. Also the Cousin complex provides a natural minimal injective resolution for a Gorenstein ring: see [6, (5.4)].

Let R be a commutative ring, with an identity element. It is the purpose of this note to establish conditions for an arbitrary but fixed ideal a of R to satisfy the distributive law

for all ideals b and c of R. In particular, in the Noetherian case, this will be related to the decomposition of a into prime ideals. We start with

Proposition 1. For a fixed ideal a in a commutative ring R with an identity element, the following conditions are equivalent.

This paper contributes to the classification problem of pq dimensional Hopf algebras H over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0, where p, q are odd primes. It is shown that such Hopf algebras H are semisimple for the pairs of odd primes (p, q)=(3,11),(3,13),(3,19),(5,17),(5,19),(5,23),(5,29),(7,17),(7,19),(7,23),(7,29),(11,29),(13,29).

MV-algebras were introduced by C. C. Chang [3] in 1958 in order to provide an algebraic proof for the completeness theorem of the Lukasiewicz infinite valued propositional logic. In recent years the scope of applications of MV-algebras has been extended to lattice-ordered abelian groups, AF C*-algebras [10] and fuzzy set theory [1].

In this paper, we obtain an exact formula for the Hausdorff and box dimensions of a class of self-affine sets in two dimensions, namely those with disjoint projections. We prove, in particular, that fractals in this class have a Hausdorff and box dimension that is equal to the maximum Hausdorff and box dimension of one of their projections.

We show that there is a unique norm-preserving extension for norm-attaining 2-homogeneous polynomials on the predual $d_*(w,1)$ of a complex Lorentz sequence space $d(w,1)$ to $d^*(w,1)$, but there is no unique norm-preserving extension from $\mathcal{P}(^nd_*(w,1))$ to $\mathcal{P}(^nd^*(w,1))$ for $n\geq3$.

Darling [3] in 1932 and Bailey [2] in 1933 gave certain theorems on products of hypergeometric series. Again in 1948 Sears [4] used the relation which expresses the series in terms of M other series of the same type to derive transformations between products of both basic and ordinary hypergeometric series. In this paper I give certain general theorems on products of bilateral hypergeometric series together with some of their interesting special cases.

Some oscillation criteria are obtained for the damped PDE with p-Laplacian The results established here are extensions of some classical oscillation theorems due to Fite-Wintner and Kamenev for second order ordinary differential equations, and improve and complement recent results of Mařík and Usami.