In this paper, we prove the global exstence of weak solutions for a porous medium dynamics of m species moving between two domains separated by a zero-thickness membrane. On this membrane, Kedem–Katchalsky conditions are considered, and the study is characterized by natural structural conditions applied to the nonlinear reactive terms. The global existence is established under the assumption that these reactive terms are bounded in $L^1$. This problem has already been analyzed in the linear diffusion case by Ciavolella and Perthame in Ciavolella and Perthame (2021, Journal of Evolution Equations 21, 1513–1540). The present work constitutes an extension for nonlinear diffusion, particularly of the porous medium type, in the form $\partial _t v_i - \Delta v_i^{r_i} = R_i$, for an exponent $r_i < 2$. The case $r_i \geq 2$ remains an open problem. This paper is an adaptation of the ideas from Ciavolella and Perthame (2021, Journal of Evolution Equations 21, 1513–1540), with new strategies to overcome the appearance of nonlinearity and degeneracy in the diffusion term.

We use a special tiling for the hyperbolic d-space $\mathbb {H}^d$ for $d=2,3,4$ to construct an (almost) explicit isomorphism between the Lipschitz-free space $\mathcal {F}(\mathbb {H}^d)$ and $\mathcal {F}(P)\oplus \mathcal {F}(\mathcal {N})$, where P is a polytope in $\mathbb {R}^d$ and $\mathcal {N}$ a net in $\mathbb {H}^d$ coming from the tiling. This implies that the spaces $\mathcal {F}(\mathbb {H}^d)$ and $\mathcal {F}(\mathbb {R}^d)\oplus \mathcal {F}(\mathcal {M})$ are isomorphic for every net $\mathcal {M}$ in $\mathbb {H}^d$. In particular, we obtain that, for $d=2,3,4$, $\mathcal {F}(\mathbb {H}^d)$ has a Schauder basis. Moreover, using a similar method, we also give an explicit isomorphism between $\mathrm {Lip}(\mathbb {H}^d)$ and $\mathrm {Lip}(\mathbb {R}^d)$.

We study a certain class of arithmetic functions that appeared in Klurman’s classification of $\pm 1$ multiplicative functions with bounded partial sums; c.f., Comp. Math. 153(2017), 2017, no. 8, 1622–1657. These functions are periodic and $1$-pretentious. We prove that if $f_1$ and $f_2$ belong to this class, then $\sum _{n\leq x}(f_1\ast f_2)(n)=\Omega (x^{1/4})$. This confirms a conjecture by the first author. As a byproduct of our proof, we studied the correlation between $\Delta (x)$ and $\Delta (\theta x)$, where $\theta $ is a fixed real number. We prove that there is a nontrivial correlation when $\theta $ is rational, and a decorrelation when $\theta $ is irrational. Moreover, if $\theta $ has a finite irrationality measure, then we can make it quantitative this decorrelation in terms of this measure.

Let $\mathcal {O}$ be a maximal order in the quaternion algebra over $\mathbb Q$ ramified at p and $\infty $. We prove two theorems that allow us to recover the structure of $\mathcal {O}$ from limited information. The first says that for any infinite set S of integers coprime to p, $\mathcal {O}$ is spanned as a ${\mathbb {Z}}$-module by elements with norm in S. The second says that $\mathcal {O}$ is determined up to isomorphism by its theta function.

The subject of this article is operators represented on a Fock space which act only on the two leading components of the tensor. We unify the constructions from [Ans07, BL09, BL11, LS08] and extend a number of results from these articles to our more general setting. The results include the quadratic relation satisfied by the kernel of the free cumulant generating function, the resolvent form of the generating function for the Wick polynomials, and classification results for the case when the vacuum state on the operator algebra is tracial. We handle the generating functions in infinitely many variables by considering their matrix-valued versions.

Given a probability space $(X,\mu )$, a square integrable function f on such space and a (unilateral or bilateral) shift operator T, we prove under suitable assumptions that the ergodic means $N^{-1}\sum _{n=0}^{N-1} T^nf$ converge pointwise almost everywhere to zero with a speed of convergence which, up to a small logarithmic transgression, is essentially of the order of $N^{-1/2}$. We also provide a few applications of our results, especially in the case of shifts associated with toral endomorphisms.

We study the $L^p$ regularity of the Bergman projection P over the symmetrized polydisc in $\mathbb C^n$. We give a decomposition of the Bergman projection on the polydisc and obtain an operator equivalent to the Bergman projection over antisymmetric function spaces. Using it, we obtain the $L^p$ irregularity of P for $p=\frac {2n}{n-1}$ which also implies that P is $L^p$ bounded if and only if $p\in (\frac {2n}{n+1},\frac {2n}{n-1})$.

Dualities of resolving subcategories of module categories over rings are introduced and characterized as dualities with respect to Wakamatsu tilting bimodules. By restriction of the dualities to smaller resolving subcategories, sufficient and necessary conditions for these bimodules to be tilting are provided. This leads to the Gorenstein version of both the Miyashita’s duality and Huisgen-Zimmermann’s correspondence. An application of resolving dualities is to show that higher algebraic K-groups and semi-derived Ringel–Hall algebras of finitely generated Gorenstein-projective modules over Artin algebras are preserved under tilting.

The game of Cops and Robber is traditionally played on a finite graph. The purpose of this article is to introduce and analyze the game that is played on an arbitrary geodesic space (a compact, path-connected space endowed with intrinsic metric). It is shown that the game played on metric graphs is essentially the same as the discrete game played on abstract graphs and that for every compact geodesic surface there is an integer c such that c cops can win the game against one robber, and c only depends on the genus g of the surface. It is shown that $c=3$ for orientable surfaces of genus $0$ or $1$ and nonorientable surfaces of crosscap number $1$ or $2$ (with any number of boundary components) and that $c=O(g)$ and that $c=\Omega (\sqrt {g})$ when the genus g is larger. The main motivation for discussing this game is to view the cop number (the minimum number of cops needed to catch the robber) as a new geometric invariant describing how complex is the geodesic space.

The main objective of the present paper is to present a version of the Tannaka–Krein type reconstruction theorems: if $F:{\mathcal B}\to {\mathcal C}$ is an exact faithful monoidal functor of tensor categories, one would like to realize ${\mathcal B}$ as category of representations of a braided Hopf algebra $H(F)$ in ${\mathcal C}$. We prove that this is the case iff ${\mathcal B}$ has the additional structure of a monoidal ${\mathcal C}$-module category compatible with F, which equivalently means that F admits a monoidal section. For Hopf algebras, this reduces to a version of the Radford projection theorem. The Hopf algebra is constructed through the relative coend for module categories. We expect this basic result to have a wide range of applications, in particular in the absence of fiber functors, and we give some applications. One particular motivation was the logarithmic Kazhdan–Lusztig conjecture.

The local invariants of a meromorphic quadratic differential on a compact Riemann surface are the orders of zeros and poles, and the residues at the poles of even orders. The main result of this paper is that with few exceptions, every pattern of local invariants can be obtained by a quadratic differential on some Riemann surface. The exceptions are completely classified and only occur in genera zero and one. Moreover, in the case of a nonconnected stratum, we show that, with three exceptions in genus one, each configuration of invariants can be realized in each non-hyperelliptic connected component of the stratum. In the hyperelliptic components with two poles the residues at both poles coincide. These results are obtained using the flat metric induced by the differentials. We give an application by bounding the number of disjoint cylinders on a primitive quadratic differential.

We continue the study of the Galvin property from Benhamou, Garti, and Shelah (2023, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 151, 1301–1309) and Benhamou (2023, Saturation properties in canonical inner models, submitted). In particular, we deepen the connection between certain diamond-like principles and non-Galvin ultrafilters. We also show that any Dodd sound non p-point ultrafilter is non-Galvin. We use these ideas to formulate what appears to be the optimal large cardinal hypothesis implying the existence of a non-Galvin ultrafilter, improving on a result from Benhamou and Dobrinen (2023, Journal of Symbolic Logic, 1–34). Finally, we use a strengthening of the Ultrapower Axiom to prove that in all the known canonical inner models, a $\kappa $-complete ultrafilter has the Galvin property if and only if it is an iterated sum of p-points.

In this paper, we provide an application to the random distance-t walk in finite planes and derive asymptotic formulas (as $q \to \infty $) for the probability of return to start point after $\ell $ steps based on the “vertical” equidistribution of Kloosterman sums established by N. Katz. This work relies on a “Euclidean” association scheme studied in prior work of W. M. Kwok, E. Bannai, O. Shimabukuro, and H. Tanaka. We also provide a self-contained computation of the P-matrix and intersection numbers of this scheme for convenience in our application as well as a more explicit form for the intersection numbers in the planar case.

Finite Cartesian products of operators play a central role in monotone operator theory and its applications. Extending such products to arbitrary families of operators acting on different Hilbert spaces is an open problem, which we address by introducing the Hilbert direct integral of a family of monotone operators. The properties of this construct are studied, and conditions under which the direct integral inherits the properties of the factor operators are provided. The question of determining whether the Hilbert direct integral of a family of subdifferentials of convex functions is itself a subdifferential leads us to introducing the Hilbert direct integral of a family of functions. We establish explicit expressions for evaluating the Legendre conjugate, subdifferential, recession function, Moreau envelope, and proximity operator of such integrals. Next, we propose a duality framework for monotone inclusion problems involving integrals of linearly composed monotone operators and show its pertinence toward the development of numerical solution methods. Applications to inclusion and variational problems are discussed.

Let G be a simply connected semisimple compact Lie group, let X be a simply connected compact Kähler manifold homogeneous under G, and let L be a negative holomorphic line bundle over X. We prove that all G-invariant Kähler metrics on the total space of L arise from the Calabi ansatz. Using this, we show that there exists a unique G-invariant scalar-flat Kähler metric in each G-invariant Kähler class of L. The G-invariant scalar-flat Kähler metrics are automatically asymptotically conical.

We show that properties of pairs of finite, positive, and regular Borel measures on the complex unit circle such as domination, absolute continuity, and singularity can be completely described in terms of containment and intersection of their reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of “Cauchy transforms” in the complex unit disk. This leads to a new construction of the classical Lebesgue decomposition and proof of the Radon–Nikodym theorem using reproducing kernel theory and functional analysis.

For N integer $\ge 1$, K. Murty and D. Ramakrishnan defined the Nth Heisenberg curve, as the compactified quotient $X^{\prime }_N$ of the upper half-plane by a certain non-congruence subgroup of the modular group. They ask whether the Manin–Drinfeld principle holds, namely, if the divisors supported on the cusps of those curves are torsion in the Jacobian. We give a model over $\mathbf {Z}[\mu _N,1/N]$ of the Nth Heisenberg curve as covering of the Nth Fermat curve. We show that the Manin–Drinfeld principle holds for $N=3$, but not for $N=5$. We show that the description by generator and relations due to Rohrlich of the cuspidal subgroup of the Fermat curve is explained by the Heisenberg covering, together with a higher covering of a similar nature. The curves $X_N$ and the classical modular curves $X(n)$, for n even integer, both dominate $X(2)$, which produces a morphism between Jacobians $J_N\rightarrow J(n)$. We prove that the latter has image $0$ or an elliptic curve of j-invariant $0$. In passing, we give a description of the homology of $X^{\prime }_{N}$.

We introduce two families of two-generator one-relator groups called primitive extension groups and show that a one-relator group is hyperbolic if its primitive extension subgroups are hyperbolic. This reduces the problem of characterizing hyperbolic one-relator groups to characterizing hyperbolic primitive extension groups. These new groups, moreover, admit explicit decompositions as graphs of free groups with adjoined roots. In order to obtain this result, we characterize $2$-free one-relator groups with exceptional intersection in terms of Christoffel words, show that hyperbolic one-relator groups have quasi-convex Magnus subgroup, and build upon the one-relator tower machinery developed in previous work of the author.

We systematically study the moduli stacks of Higgs bundles, spectral curves, and Norm maps on Deligne–Mumford curves. As an application, under some mild conditions, we prove the Strominger–Yau–Zaslow duality for the moduli spaces of Higgs bundles over a hyperbolic stacky curve.

We construct a collection of families of higher Chow cycles of type $(2,1)$ on a two-dimensional family of Kummer surfaces, and prove that for a very general member, they generate a subgroup of rank $\ge 18$ in the indecomposable part of the higher Chow group. Construction of the cycles uses a finite group action on the family, and the proof of their linear independence uses Picard–Fuchs differential operators.