This conversation addresses the impact of artificial intelligence and sustainability aspects on corporate governance. The speakers explore how technological innovation and sustainability concerns will change the way companies and financial institutions are managed, controlled and regulated. By way of background, the discussion considers the past and recent history of crises, including financial crises and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic. Particular attention is given to the field of auditing, investigating the changing role of internal and external audits. This includes a discussion of the role of regulatory authorities and how their practices will be affected by technological change. Further attention is given to artificial intelligence in the context of businesses and company law. As regards digital transformation, five issues are reflected, namely data, decentralisation, diversification, democratisation and disruption.

Centralisation of specialist services, such as paediatric critical care, major trauma, cardiac surgery or neurosurgery, improves outcomes. For the critically ill child, accessing specialist critical care services may require transfer, either primarily by a ‘front-line’ ambulance (bypassing non-specialist centres) or secondarily by hospital teams after initial resuscitation and stabilisation in a non-specialist centre.

The chapter reviews the scholarly interpretations of abolition that have appeared in the last two decades. One group, influenced by Eric Williams, looks for economic motivations stemming from a decline of the British plantation sector; a second focuses on rebellions by slaves, the chief of which was that in St. Domingue, which gave birth to Haiti in 1802. Some in this category see the slaves freeing themselves. Others argue for long-run changes in public attitudes toward violence within Western Europe, especially England, that occurred in the 150 years after the British established their Caribbean plantations. In the eighteenth century the nascent London press began to report slaves resistance to enslavement both on board slave ships and in Caribbean colonies. These reports became more frequent and more detailed as the century progressed. Other cruelties such as burning at the stake, abandoning children, masters’ right to chastise their servants, and the lords’ power over their serfs (in mainland Europe) either ceased or became less frequently exercised. At the same time awareness of Africans and their forced use in the Americas as represented in the London press greatly increased after 1750. Where “slaves” meant English captives in North Africa at the beginning of the century, by 1800 the term referred to Blacks in the Americas.

Introduces complexity of western ranching through the fictional Dutton Yellowstone Ranch, exploring the historical evolution of law and policy of western agricultural operations.

Barack Obama's presidential success created a fallacy surrounding how Black voters choose politicians to support. In the wake of his success, many Black politicians unsuccessfully worked to garner Black support using tactics similar to Obama. This chapter breaks down the conventional wisdom that come out of Obama's success and asks motivating question of this manuscript: What considerations outside of race, partisanship, and gender do Black voters make when choosing a politician to support? I introduce my original concept of community commitment and juxtapose it with existing concepts to explain its unique contribution and ability to explain Black voter candidate selection.

This chapter explores the complex connection between upholding land rights and the successful application of nature-based solutions (NBS) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It underscores the necessity of integrating indigenous wisdom, local customs, and community engagement into the design of NBS. By doing so, this research underscores the significance of honoring land rights, maintaining sustainable livelihoods, and achieving goals related to biodiversity conservation. By deeply examining the intricate relationship among land tenure, community engagement, and effective conservation practices, this chapter makes a substantial contribution to the ongoing academic conversation about how to practically implement NBS for conserving biodiversity.

Paediatric anaesthesia employs a range of equipment to ensure safe and effective achievement of anaesthetic goals. Variation in size and physiology in this age group has implications for clinicians using these technologies. Applied aspects and practical tips of this phenomenon are discussed in this chapter. Areas covered include equipment used to manage airway, vascular access, drug and fluid delivery, monitoring of various physiologic parameters, etc. While it is imperative to stay abreast with increasingly sophisticated drug delivery and monitoring systems, no monitor is a substitute for the presence and vigilance of the well-trained anaesthetist.

Pain following surgery continues to be a common experience in children, despite advances in acute pain management. The effective and safe management of pain in children of all ages requires significant knowledge of the biopsychosocial experience of pain and strategies available for its management. Numerous factors can influence the success of analgesic treatment: Developmental age has a profound effect on both the processing of nociceptive information and the response to analgesia; the pharmacology of all drugs is age and size dependent, requiring appropriate dosage adjustments; and communication with the very young or those with developmental delay can influence the ability to assess pain and monitor the response to treatment.

This educational work was intended to inspire action. This chapter explores what some of this work catalysed, including mobilising songs by the group Akut Kuei, whose work inspired many young men to return to fight in the SPLA, to men and women sharing war news, organising fundraising and practical help for the rebel efforts, and other (often unclear or uncertain) efforts towards resistance. Not all of this work was for the SPLA; many young men organised for southern militia groups working in Khartoum or were inspired to return to family villages to fight in local militias against predation from the Sudan government and SPLA forces alike. Others (men and women) joined the SPLA’s New Sudan Brigade, or the pan-Sudanese and pan-Africanist underground organisations of the African National Front and the National Democratic Alliance, among other small political parties and ‘spying’ work. This chapter explores people’s various aims and self-justifications alongside their accounts of this work, with a close eye on the epistemological and methodological questions of these retrospective accounts of subversion.