Abbreviations

AAOIFI

Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions

ABS

Access and Benefit-Sharing

ACCOBAMS

Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area

AEWA

Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds

AFED

Arab Forum for Environment and Development

ALESCO

Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization

AR3T

Avoid, Reduce, Restore and Regenerate, Transform

ASSELLMU

Association of Environmental Law Lecturers in Middle East and North African Universities

CBD

Convention on Biological Diversity

CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

CMS

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals

CNR

Chah Nimeh Reservoir

COP

Conference of the Parties

DSI

digital sequence information

EIA

environmental impact assessment

ESD

Education for Sustainable Development

ESG

environmental, social, and governance

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

GAP

Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi

GBF

Global Biodiversity Framework

GBO5

Fifth Global Biodiversity Outlook

GCC

Gulf Cooperation Council

HRBA

human rights-based approach

IB

Islamic banking

ICJ

International Court of Justice

IEL

International Environmental Law

IFI

Islamic financial institution

ILCs

indigenous and local communities

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IPBES

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service

IsDB

Islamic Development Bank

ISIS

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria

IUCN

International Union for Conservation of Nature

KBA

key biodiversity area

LAS

League of Arab States

MAT

mutually agreed terms

MCC

Millennium Challenge Corporation

MD

ministerial decision

MEA

multilateral environmental agreements

MENA

Middle East and North Africa

MPA

marine protected area

MPA-F

fishing-oriented MPA

MSP

multistakeholder participation

NBS

nature-based solutions

NBSAP

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

NB-SMEE

nature-based small and medium eco-enterprise

NDC

nationally determined contributions

NGO

nongovernmental organization

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OIC

Organization of Islamic Cooperation

OUV

Outstanding Universal Value

PDAP

Master Plan for Protected Areas

PES

Payment for Ecosystem Services

PIC

prior informed consent

PRTRs

Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals

SIBE

Sites of Biological and Ecological Interest

SLE

substantive legal effectiveness

SMEs

small and medium-sized enterprises

SP

state party

SPAMI

Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance

SRI

sustainable and responsible investments

SWF

sovereign wealth fund

TTT

Train-the-Trainers

TWP

Tropical Water Project

UAE

United Arab Emirates

UNCCD

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNDRIP

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

UNEA

United Nations Environment Assembly

UNECE

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNGA

United Nations General Assembly

WH

World Heritage

WHC

World Heritage Convention

WHO

World Health Organization