In recent years, careful clinical analyses of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients showed that the neuropathologic hallmarks in PD are Lewy bodies, mainly containing alpha-synuclein. It nowadays seems likely that abnormal alpha-synuclein travels from the gut (and maybe also the olfactory bulb) to the brain, and spreads in various brain regions before affecting the dopaminergic system in the substantia nigra (the premotor or prodromal phase). In this chapter, features of this prodromal phase in PD, enabling early diagnosis, which is relevant when disease-modifying interventions such as antibodies against misfolded alpha-synuclein become available, are discussed. Starting points for detecting and diagnosing prodromal PD are mainly prodromal markers. The highest risk for later development of PD is found for otherwise healthy patients suffering REM sleep behavioral disorders, with a 130-fold increased risk, followed by abnormal PET/SPECT analyses of the dopaminergic system, subthreshold parkinsonism, olfactory loss, neurogenic hypotension, erectile dysfunction, constipation, and depression, among others.

I begin with those categories that involve neutral terminology. The inherent connection of neutral terms with the ground, the likeness of an image, has been indicated already. Interaction of other kinds does not have this characteristic. It is worth stressing that, in many ways, the more apparent the connection with the ground, the less interesting the interaction. This applies especially to explicit imagery, where, of course, the ground, or part of it, is usually made explicit as a matter of predictable organisation.

During wartime, the Constitution requires the president to lead the nation as commander-in-chief. But what about first ladies? As wives, mothers, and co-equal partners, these “first ladies-in-chief” have found themselves serving as field companion to the commander-in-chief, mother-in-chief to sons on combat duty, steward of national resources, and caretakers to the nation’s wounded. This chapter considers six prominent first ladies during major American conflicts: Martha Washington and the Revolutionary War, Dolley Madison and the War of 1812, Mary Todd Lincoln and the Civil War, Edith Wilson and World War I, Eleanor Roosevelt and World War II, Lady Bird Johnson and Vietnam, and Barbara and Laura Bush during the first and second Gulf Wars. Taken together, they paint the first lady as a vital contributor to the nation’s military efforts who deserve our recognition and respect.

The treatment of tremor is challenging, and therapeutic options are often limited and non-specific. Treatment always has to be individualized, and apart from the objective severity of tremor, significant importance should be given to subjective severity and impact of the tremor on the patient. Supportive non-pharmacologic and non-surgical methods should be incorporated into the treatment regimen. Finally, surgical therapy is proven and effective in several tremor syndromes and should be offered to eligible patients.

Chapter 5 begins to trace the process by which the entire Whig vision of civil society and the free state was discredited and rejected. First the Whig view of civil society was challenged and ridiculed. They had attempted to claim that no one is condemned to live in subjection to the mere will and power of anyone else. But in addition to ignoring the continued existence of slavery, this assurance was shown to overlook the overwhelming extent to which women were still obliged to live in servitude. This point was made in a wave of protests by Judith Drake, Mary Astell, Sarah Chapone and other pioneering feminist writers. The account given by the Whigs of the administration of justice was likewise dismissed with ridicule. Here the three great novelists of the 1740s -- Fielding, Smollett and Richardson -- made an important contribution that has arguably been too little recognised. The chapter concludes by examining their satirical commentaries on Whig complacencies, in which they focused on the corruption and ignorance of Justices of the Peace, the widespread contempt for the law, and the incapacity of the government to secure the safety of the people.

Although I have regularly cited Authority and Tradition in Ancient Historiography in the twenty-five years or so since it appeared, it is only with the current reissue of the work that I have gone back and read it through from beginning to end. About ten years after it was published, I gave serious thought to writing a revised version, both to incorporate much material that I had left out of the original and also (naturally) to update it in the light of more recent scholarship. In the end, I decided not to do so, mostly from the belief that scholarship is an ongoing conversation, and that a work, once published, becomes part of that conversation, dependent on its time and context. Authority and Tradition appeared at a particular point in the discussion of the nature of Greco-Roman historiography, when the linguistic and literary turn was becoming more and more prominent, and the book reflects that moment.

Chapter 3 examines the emergence and evolution of a new cycle of contention during the mid 2000s. We highlight how the deepening threat perceptions resulting from the regime’s state-building advances spurred mass mobilizations. Meanwhile, we underscore how the creation of new civil society groups and the normalization of new repertoires of contention contributed to changes in the mode of protest mobilization.