Monuments hold a special significance for the shaping and the perpetuation of historical memory. The past is discussed in terms of the conceptual, idealized past of public monuments; the local past of ancient sites from the early days of the community; the genealogical past of homes and tombs; and the unifying past of historiography. Noting that the historical memory of the Romans will only transpire if these different forms of memory are synthesized, each one with due recognition to the institutions and situations in which memory were deployed, Tonio Hölscher argues for a certain hierarchy: prioritization of material expressions of the past leads him to regard Roman historiography as an offshoot of historical memory with limited social impact; monuments, on the other hand, powerful and with vast visibility in the centre of the city, wield inescapable impact upon Roman society. The essay concludes with Hölscher expressing his opinion on the place and design of the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin, the planning of which had become the focus of a major public debate in Germany at the time.

PSP was identified in 1963 by Richardson, Steele and Olszewski, as an “unusual syndrome” characterized by axial rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability with falls, cognitive deficits, and supranuclear vertical gaze palsy, with uniform tau pathology predominating in the neurons of the pallido-nigro-luysian axis. The classical view is that tau protein and neuropil thread accumulation appears mainly in the subthalamic nucleus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, pontine tegmentum, striatum, oculomotor nucleus, medulla, and dentate nucleus, but there is growing evidence that cortical tau pathology is also common. Tau pathology uniformly predominates in the neurons of the pallido-nigro-luysian axis, but clinical PSP subtypes confirmed differential distribution patterns of neuronal, astroglial, and oligodendroglial tau pathologies both in total tau load and cell-type specific vulnerability patterns of brain regions, suggesting distinct dynamics or circuit-specific segregation of propagation of tau pathologies with accumulation of brainstem neurofibrillary tangles. Here, the novel clinicopathologic classification of PSP syndromes with specifically underlying neuropathology is discussed.

There is a large body of academic literature about financial inclusion and financial exclusion in both applied and theoretical works. The causes, sizes, and consequences of both phenomena are analyzed and evaluated, which leads to the formulation of conclusions and recommendations as to how to enhance financial inclusion. This chapter surveys not only the traditional perspective of financial inclusion and exclusion but also the role of new technologies, providing innovative solutions behind the concept of digital banking inclusion. Moreover, the chapter considers new possibilities for adopting digital financial services that result from lockdowns and promotion of contactless modes of payment to reduce the risk of viruses spread through the handling of cash. With regard to the increased use of digital banking access channels, the importance of financial education in the context of ensuring cybersecurity is highlighted.

Chapter 2 traces the emergence of humane literary genealogies and animal-centred literary criticism. These new kinds of writing reveal the movement’s creative efforts to simultaneously draw from and re-imagine the canon in order the present a longstanding accord between literature and animal protectionism. The chapter then argues that reformers such as Frances Power Cobbe, Henry Salt, and Stephen Coleridge tried to establish a connection between aesthetic experience, ethical awareness, and political action; by carefully choreographing the appearance of stories, poems, and literary-criticism, association periodicals played a vital role in managing textual encounters and responses. However, expressions of excessive sentiment often endangered the efficacy, public image, and political legitimacy of the cause. The movement’s efforts to promote literary writing and antivivisectionism as natural bedfellows raised problems as well as opportunities: ‘Dipping’ into literary works and traditions was rarely carefree.

This chapter presents the limit-colimit coincidence in categories enriched either in complete partial orders or in complete metric spaces. This chapter thus works in settings where one has a theory of approximations of objects, either as joins of $\omega$-chains or as limits of Cauchy sequences, and with endofunctors preserving this structure. There are some additional requirements, and we discuss examples. In the settings which do satisfy those requirements, the initial algebra and the terminal coalgebras exist and their structures are inverses, giving what is known as a canonical fixed point (a limit-colimit coincidence). We recover some known results on this topic due to Smyth and Plotkin in the ordered setting and to America and Rutten in the metric setting. We also discuss applications to solving domain equations.

This chapter presents an overview of some of the central concepts of constructional syntax. Focusing on key insights from Berkeley Construction Grammar and Cognitive Construction Grammar, it discusses how construction entries of different types from the inventory of constructions interact with each other to license constructs. This chapter also outlines a novel methodology for discovering constructions in a corpus that allows for a systematic way of compiling construction entries that are relevant for research in Construction Grammar and constructicography.

Any detailed discussion of alliteration and assonance in Greek must take account of certain general considerations. The most general, I suppose, is the question – if it is worth calling a question – whether alliteration, in particular, existed as a significant possibility in Greek poetry at all. As is well known, alliteration was not formally recognised by the ancient Greek stylisticians, although they did, of course, recognise under various names several of the forms of sound-patterning and sound-repetition of which alliteration is a particular type. Most modern Hellenists have shown the good judgement that they have shown elsewhere – in regard to the ancients’ inattention to epic formulaism, for instance – in declining to interpret such a silence as the voice of authority, and have sensibly allowed their aesthetic faculties rather than dogmatic preconceptions to pronounce on the question of significant existence, although there have been complete sceptics. A few types of marked exploitation of alliteration in Greek will be noted, and this evidence can serve as adequate for an answer, if evidence is still thought necessary.

Fifteen years ago in All Politics is Global, I developed a typological theory of global economic governance, arguing that globalization had not transformed international relations but merely expanded the arenas of contestation to include policy arenas that had previously been the exclusive province of domestic politics. In my model, what truly mattered to global governance was the distribution of preferences among the great powers. When great power coordination was achieved, then effective governance would be the outcome. When great power coordination was not, then global governance would exist in name only. Demands for greater content moderation across platforms have increased as the modern economy has become increasingly data-driven. Can any standards be negotiated at the global level? The likeliest result will be a hypocritical system of “sham governance.” Under this system, a few token agreements might be negotiated at the global level. Even these arrangements, however, will lack enforcement mechanisms and likely be honored only in the breach. The regulatory center of gravity will remain at the national level. Changes at the societal and global levels over the past fifteen years only reinforce the dynamics that lead to such an outcome.