This study examines English Medium Instruction (EMI) teacher identities in two Colombian universities within the context of the country's linguistic diversity and sociopolitical shifts. It highlights the educational preference for English over indigenous languages and the contentious introduction of EMI and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The research focuses on the identity (re)configurations of EMI educators within this evolving landscape, influenced by both personal and broader sociopolitical factors. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study examines seven professors across disciplines to capture their experiences with EMI. The findings underscore the complexity of EMI teacher identity (EMITI), which intersects language, discipline, context, and pedagogy. The ROAD-MAPPING framework facilitates an exploration of these identities, highlighting the critical role of teacher agency in EMI settings. The research illuminates how EMI teachers navigate their roles amid global and local pressures, disciplinary demands, and the linguistic aspects of EMI. This study enriches the understanding of language policy, teacher identity, and educational practices in multilingual higher education contexts.

The framework of Construction Grammar extends naturally to morphology. Constructions in a lexicon–grammar continuum elegantly capture the regularities and idiosyncrasies that typically co-occur in complex words. Yet, Construction Morphology is not just Construction Grammar applied to morphology. Morphological phenomena come with their own challenges and place specific demands on the theory. This chapter outlines the contributions that a constructionist approach to morphology makes to constructionist thinking more broadly. The focus is on two construction-based approaches: Construction Morphology and Relational Morphology. Three topics are highlighted especially. First, idiomaticity and other types of non-compositionality are discussed in the context of the relations within and across morphological constructions. Second, the chapter addresses productivity, specifically limited productivity as is often seen in word-formation. The third topic is paradigmaticity and the role of ‘horizontal’ connections between complex words and between morphological schemas. The chapter aims to show that morphology, the grammar of words, is instructive for the larger theoretical framework.

In the conclusion, I bring the components of the book together, arguing that the findings in each chapter relate to a broad framework that explains the social functions and meanings of public spaces. I discuss how perceptions of self and others, in both the economic and cultural senses, act as essential components of urban experience. Through these discussions, this concluding chapter lays out the opportunities and limits of studying public spaces as a means of understanding social relations in changing urban contexts, and it suggests potential paths for future research.

All the critical twiddle-twaddle about style and form, all this pseudo-scientific classifying and analysing of books in an imitation-botanical fashion, is mere impertinence and mostly dull jargon.’ The first thing to say is that Lawrence’s protest deserves honest respect. If one had to make an exclusive choice between that version of ’criticism’ which confines itself to the technical and the typical, and a kind that sees as its task assessment of particulars unfettered by reference, even, to types and to any sort of technical consideration: if one must choose, one must choose the latter. Comparative inarticulacy is preferable to a decreative sophistication. And the second thing to say is that we need not make such a choice. Our ability to confront literature fruitfully - to be creative - requires articulacy; and true articulacy requires the direction of the recreative mind. But must articulacy imply classification and analysis?

Sleep–wake disturbances belong to the most frequent non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease. They encompass insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, different forms of parasomnias, sleep-related breathing disorders, restless legs syndrome, and circadian sleep–wake disorders. All of these sleep–wake disorders have the potential to severely impact the quality of life of patients and their bedpartners, and some of them not only get more frequent with longer disease duration, but may even precede motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease. Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder in particular is a specific biomarker heralding synuclein-related neurodegenerative disease. Although very common, both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for Parkinson-related sleep–wake disorders are still under evaluation. This chapter discusses the current knowledge on the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of Parkinson-related sleep–wake disorders, and contributes a clinical guide on how to diagnose and treat them.

Inasmuch as all imagery embodies the temporary displacement of the terminology ’at issue’ in favour of ’extraneous’ terminology, all imagery embodies a deviation from the terminological norm, albeit a familiar kind of deviation. Metaphor alone has the distinction of achieving this deviation through a simultaneous departure from the normal usage of the language as a whole. This, as is well known, is precisely what the so-called ’dead’ or ’faded’ or ’linguistic’ metaphor does not do. Tree in a family tree, for instance, is a ’dead metaphor’ and involves no departure from normal usage.

English Medium Instruction (EMI) is a burgeoning field of interest for researchers and practitioners; however, to date its sociocultural and political implications have not been widely considered. This book addresses that concern by situating EMI within wider sociopolitical contexts of knowledge and language. It foregrounds the notion of “Critical EMI,” bringing together applied linguists to revisit EMI in higher education from critical sociocultural perspectives. The notion of criticality is conceptualized as an attempt at addressing issues of ideology, policy, identity, social justice, and the politics of English. The chapters explore Critical EMI concerns in diverse settings across five continents, and present insights for the theory, research, policy, and practice of EMI. The book also problematizes the neocolonial spread and dominance of English through EMI. Calling for an explicit and inclusive EMI praxis, it is essential reading for researchers of applied linguistics and English language education, as well as teacher practitioners.

Although Parkinson’s disease (PD) is most associated with and diagnosed by the presence of motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms (NMS) can often be the most debilitating for patients. Highly prevalent among non-motor features are neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), including depression, anxiety, psychosis, impulse control disorders, apathy and cognitive impairment, the latter being particularly burdensome and occurring in the majority of PD patients long term. The neurobiological underpinnings of NPS are a mix of disease-related, other neurodegenerative disease processes, PD treatment effects and psychosocial factors. NPS can be difficult to recognize and diagnose in PD patients; therefore, PD-specific assessments have been developed to better identify and treat them. Treatment strategies are a mix of those used in the general population for these conditions and those specific to PD, and are a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. Although significant advances have been made in our understanding and management of NPS in PD, etiology or biologically informed management strategies are needed to further advance the field.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one of the most effective tools in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Being a last-resort therapy for many years, it recently advanced to a valuable option in moderate and even earlier stages. Different nuclei of the basal ganglia have been successfully targeted with various effects, risks and stimulation-induced side effects. Advances in implantation technique and accuracy, neuroimaging and implant technology helped make DBS a mostly safe and successful procedure, although the full potential of recent technical advantages such as directional stimulation, brain sensing or remote programming have yet to be fully explored.