Mediterranean diet (MDi) has demonstrated a powerful preventing effect on various medical conditions, therefore, a positive effect on oral health may also be speculated. Also, tooth loss, pain or tooth mobility may discourage the consumption of specific food types, with affectance to MDi adherence. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adherence to MDi and oral health in adult populations. The study protocol was registered in Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/vxbnh/, and adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Principal research questions were: 1) Does better oral health enable adults to better adhere to MDi? and 2) Does better adherence to MDi enable adult individuals to have better oral health? The content of three databases, Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed was searched without language, date, or any other restrictions. The search results were imported into the Rayyan environment and from the initial 1127 studies identified only 20 remained after exclusion process. Three articles comprised the first group, revealing significant associations between various oral health parameters and adherence to MDi, with large variations in methodology and no safe conclusions. The studies investigating the effect of the level of adherence to MDi on various oral parameters were more numerous and revealed negative associations with the prevalence of periodontal disease and upper aero-digestive tract cancer. Further studies to explore the existence and direction of the association between oral health and MDi are needed, with public health interventions encouraging MDi to reduce the burden of oral conditions and other non-communicable diseases.

The long-term inflammatory impact of diet could potentially elevate the risk of periodontal disease through modification of systemic inflammation. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate the associations between a food-based, reduced rank regression (RRR)-derived, empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and incidence of periodontitis. The study population was composed of 34 940 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, who were free of periodontal disease and major illnesses at baseline (1986). Participants provided medical and dental history through mailed questionnaires every 2 years and dietary data through validated semi-quantitative FFQ every 4 years. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the associations between EDIP scores and validated self-reported incidence of periodontal disease over a 24-year follow-up period. No overall association between EDIP and the risk of periodontitis was observed; the hazard ratio comparing the highest EDIP quintile (most proinflammatory diet) with the lowest quintile was 0·99 (95 % CI 0·89, 1·10, P-value for trend = 0·97). A secondary analysis showed that among obese non-smokers (i.e. never and former smokers at baseline), the hazard ratio for periodontitis comparing the highest EDIP quintile with the lowest was 1·39 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·96, P-value for trend = 0·03). In conclusion, no overall association was detected between EDIP and incidence of self-reported periodontitis in the study population. From the subgroups evaluated, EDIP was significantly associated with increased risk of periodontitis only among non-smokers who were obese. Hence, this association must be interpreted with caution.

Nutrition plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology and management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and periodontal disease (PD). As PD can have profound effects on an individual’s functional ability to eat and can affect nutrient intake, we aimed to evaluate the role of PD severity on dietary intake (DI) and quality in PAD patients and compare it with current dietary recommendations for CVD. PD stages of 421 consecutive PAD patients were determined according to a standardised basic periodontal examination (Periodontal Screening and Recording Index) (‘healthy’, ‘gingivitis’, ‘moderate periodontitis’ and ‘severe periodontitis’). Dietary intake (24-h recall), dietary quality (food frequency index (FFI)) and anthropometrical data were assessed. Nutritional intake was stratified according to the severity of PD. No significant differences in DI of macronutrients, nutrients relevant for CVD and FFI were seen between the PD stages. Only median alcohol intake was significantly different between gingivitis and severe periodontitis (P = 0·001), and positively correlated with PD severity (P = 0·001; r 0·159). PD severity and the patient’s number of teeth showed no correlation with investigated nutritional parameters and FFI. Few subjects met the recommended daily intakes for fibre (5 %), SFA (10 %), Na (40 %) and sugar (26 %). Macronutrient intake differed from reference values. In our sample of patients with PAD and concomitant PD, we found no differences in DI of macronutrients, nutrients relevant for CVD and diet quality depending on PD severity. The patients’ nutrition was, however, poor, deviating seriously from dietary guidelines and recommendations.

Faced with a patient who has extensive esthetic enhancement demands, simply aligning the teeth and achieving a functional occlusion might not suffice.

The goal of this article is to help orthodontists to analyze and to optimize the positioning of upper anterior teeth so as to improve the esthetics of the smile.

Of course, esthetics is not an objective notion. Therefore, maintaining good communication with our patients is essential. Nonetheless, esthetic rules as they are defined in the literature will serve as a “framework” for creating a smile.

In this context, the orthodontist will have to take into account the shape of the teeth, particularly since not all shapes are ideal. In fact, the incisors have three main shapes: rectangular, triangular and ovoid. The shape of the teeth will perhaps guide orthodontists in their choice of treatment. Opting for stripping will be the preferred treatment in some cases.

Similarly, orthodontists have to take into consideration incisal edge defects caused by wear associated with the initial malocclusion that becomes more apparent after alignment. In some cases, a simple recontouring or enameloplasty of the incisal edges will be sufficient and should be discussed with the patient before it is performed using a simple and reliable procedure.

The objective of this article is to offer a simplified and reasonable approach for periodontal disease screening that should be a mandatory part of each and every oral examination. The main purpose of this examination is to answer the question of whether or not there are any infection sites that require periodontal management. This assessment has three parts: the initial patient interview (medical history), the clinical oral examination and the radiological examination. Using a periodontal probe, the dentist should place a high priority on performing PD screening and it should be done systematically and routinely during every consultation. Orthodontists and dentists are both licensed to perform this examination. After this examination, the practitioner can make a diagnosis, initiate periodontal management of the patient or refer the patient to an appropriate specialist.

PD screening should be repeated before orthodontic treatment or before any functional rehabilitation in order to maintain periodontal stability.

The aim of this article is to present a precise periodontal terminology that orthodontists can use to clarify communication between orthodontists treatment and their patients. What’s mean periodontal issues that arise in adult orthodontic treatment, what the purpose of the discussion? In general terms we refer, of course, to mechano-therapy for adults and to the periodontal diseases that arise with this class of patients and to the treatment that is available for these maladies. Orthodontists who treat adult patients and record procedures in careful way need to rely upon a precise periodontal vocabulary so that, as group leaders, they can communicate effectively with other members of the inter-disciplinary treatment team as well as with patients. In the management of this effort, orthodontists are responsible for referring patients to periodontists when it’s necessary and for keeping the lines of communication open between patients, andperiodontists.

A macroscopic, microscopic and scanning electron microscope study was performed on the pathological bone changes of the mandibles of wild red deer (n=61) exhibiting severe dental fluorosis. The animals originated from a highly fluoride polluted area in Central Europe (Ore mountains and their southern foreland, Czech-German border region) and constituted 11.2% of the studied red deer sample (n=545) from this area. Pathologically increased wear and fracture of fluorosed teeth caused a variety of mandibular bone alterations, including periodontal breakdown, periostitis, osteitis and chronic osteomyelitis. As a further consequence of severe dental attrition, opening of the pulp chamber and formation of periapical abscesses were occasionally observed. In case of severe periodontal breakdown, loss of teeth from the mandibles was found. In addition to the inflammatory bone changes, the occurrence of osteofluorotic alterations was also diagnosed in the specimens with the highest bone fluoride concentrations (>4000 mg F−/kg dry wt). These changes comprised extended apposition of periosteal bone onto the mandibular cortex as well as deformation of the mandibular body, which was attributed to a fluoride-induced osteomalacia. The present study provided circumstantial evidence that, in addition to fluoride induced dental lesions, the occurrence of marked periodontal disease and tooth loss is an important factor responsible for a reduction of life expectancy in severely fluorotic wild red deer.