We propose a notion of a proper Ehresmann semigroup based on a three-coordinate description of its generating elements governed by certain labelled directed graphs with additional structure. The generating elements are determined by their domain projection, range projection and σ-class, where σ denotes the minimum congruence that identifies all projections. We prove a structure result on proper Ehresmann semigroups and show that every Ehresmann semigroup has a proper cover. Our covering monoid turns out to be isomorphic to that from the work by Branco, Gomes and Gould and provides a new view of the latter. Proper Ehresmann semigroups all of whose elements admit a three-coordinate description are characterized in terms of partial multiactions of monoids on semilattices. As a consequence, we recover the two-coordinate structure result on proper restriction semigroups.

We provide a correspondence between one-sided coideal subrings and one-sided ideal two-sided coideals in an arbitrary bialgebroid. We prove that, under some expected additional conditions, this correspondence becomes bijective for Hopf algebroids. As an application, we investigate normal Hopf ideals in commutative Hopf algebroids (affine groupoid schemes) in connection with the study of normal affine subgroupoids.

We show that the bicategory of finite groupoids and right-free permutation bimodules is a quotient of the bicategory of Mackey 2-motives introduced in [2], obtained by modding out the so-called cohomological relations. This categorifies Yoshida’s theorem for ordinary cohomological Mackey functors and provides a direct connection between Mackey 2-motives and the usual blocks of representation theory.

We introduce ‘generalised higher-rank k-graphs’ as a class of categories equipped with a notion of size. They extend not only higher-rank k-graphs, but also the Levi categories introduced by the first author as a categorical setting for graphs of groups. We prove that examples of generalised higher-rank k-graphs can be constructed using Zappa–Szép products of groupoids and higher-rank graphs.

Given an action ${\varphi }$ of inverse semigroup S on a ring A (with domain of ${\varphi }(s)$ denoted by $D_{s^*}$ ), we show that if the ideals $D_e$ , with e an idempotent, are unital, then the skew inverse semigroup ring $A\rtimes S$ can be realized as the convolution algebra of an ample groupoid with coefficients in a sheaf of (unital) rings. Conversely, we show that the convolution algebra of an ample groupoid with coefficients in a sheaf of rings is isomorphic to a skew inverse semigroup ring of this sort. We recover known results in the literature for Steinberg algebras over a field as special cases.

Kaplansky introduced the notions of CCR and GCR $C^{\ast }$-algebras, because they have a tractable representation theory. Many years later, he introduced the notions of CCR and GCR rings. In this paper we characterize when the algebra of an ample groupoid over a field is CCR and GCR. The results turn out to be exact analogues of the corresponding characterization of locally compact groupoids with CCR and GCR $C^{\ast }$-algebras. As a consequence, we classify the CCR and GCR Leavitt path algebras.

In this paper, we first discuss the relation between $\text{VB}$-Courant algebroids and $\text{E}$-Courant algebroids, and we construct some examples of $\text{E}$-Courant algebroids. Then we introduce the notion of a generalized complex structure on an $\text{E}$-Courant algebroid, unifying the usual generalized complex structures on even-dimensional manifolds and generalized contact structures on odd-dimensional manifolds. Moreover, we study generalized complex structures on an omni-Lie algebroid in detail. In particular, we show that generalized complex structures on an omni-Lie algebra $\text{gl}\left( V \right)\oplus V$ correspond to complex Lie algebra structures on $V$.

Paterson showed how to construct an étale groupoid from an inverse semigroup using ideas from functional analysis. This construction was later simplified by Lenz. We show that Lenz’s construction can itself be further simplified by using filters: the topological groupoid associated with an inverse semigroup is precisely a groupoid of filters. In addition, idempotent filters are closed inverse subsemigroups and so determine transitive representations by means of partial bijections. This connection between filters and representations by partial bijections is exploited to show how linear representations of inverse semigroups can be constructed from the groups occurring in the associated topological groupoid.

It follows from methods of B. Steinberg, extended to inverse categories, that finite inverse category algebras are isomorphic to their associated groupoid algebras; in particular, they are symmetric algebras with canonical symmetrizing forms.We deduce the existence of transfer maps in cohomology and Hochschild cohomology from certain inverse subcategories. This is in part motivated by the observation that, for certain categories , being a Mackey functor on is equivalent to being extendible to a suitable inverse category containing . We further show that extensions of inverse categories by abelian groups are again inverse categories.

We consider the pushout of embedding functors in Cat, the category of small categories. We show that if the embedding functors satisfy a 3-for-2 property, then the induced functors to the pushout category are also embeddings. The result follows from the connectedness of certain associated slice categories. The condition is motivated by a similar result for maps of semigroups. We show that our theorem can be applied to groupoids and to inclusions of full subcategories. We also give an example to show that the theorem does not hold when the property only holds for one of the inclusion functors, or when it is weakened to a one-sided condition.

The pseudovariety $\mathbf{DG}$ of all finite monoids all of whose regular $\mathcal{D}$-classes are subgroups is shown to be local, that is, it is verified that the pseudovariety $g\mathbf{DG}$ of finite categories generated by $\mathbf{DG}$ coincides with the pseudovariety $\ell\mathbf{DG}$ of all finite categories whose local monoids all belong to $\mathbf{DG}$. Yet more general statements of this kind are deduced, yielding results such as that, for every prime number $p$, the pseudovariety $\mathbf{DG}_p$ of all finite monoids all of whose regular $\mathcal{D}$-classes are $p$-groups is local, or that the pseudovarieties $\mathbf{DG}_{\mathrm{sol}}$ and $\mathbf{DG}_{\mathrm{nil}}$ of all finite monoids all of whose regular \mbox{$\mathcal{D}$-classes} are, respectively, solvable groups and nilpotent groups are local.

The importance of finite limits in completeness conditions has been long recognized. One has only to consider elementary toposes, pretoposes, exact categories, etc., to realize their ubiquity. However, often pullbacks suffice and in a sense are more natural. For example it is pullbacks that are the essential ingredient in composition of spans, partial morphisms and relations. In fact the original definition of elementary topos was based on the notion of partial morphism classifier which involved only pullbacks (see [6]). Many constructions in topos theory, involving left exact functors, such as coalgebras on a cotriple and the gluing construction, also work for pullback preserving functors. And pullback preserving functors occur naturally in the subject, e.g. constant functors and the Σα. These observations led Rosebrugh and Wood to introduce partial geometric morphisms; functors with a pullback preserving left adjoint [9]. Other reasons led Kennison independently to introduce the same concept under the name semi-geometric functors [5].