We study the regularity of the higher secant varieties of ${{\mathbb{P}}^{1}}\times {{\mathbb{P}}^{n}}$, embedded with divisors of type $\text{(}d\text{,}\,\text{2)}$ and $(d,3)$. We produce, for the highest defective cases, a “determinantal” equation of the secant variety. As a corollary, we prove that the Veronese triple embedding of ${{\mathbb{P}}^{n}}$ is not Grassmann defective.

We obtain a uniform linear bound for the Chevalley function at a point in the source of an analytic mapping that is regular in the sense of Gabrielov. There is a version of Chevalley’s lemma also along a fibre, or at a point of the image of a proper analytic mapping. We get a uniform linear bound for the Chevalley function of a closed Nash (or formally Nash) subanalytic set.

Let $k$ be a global field, $\bar{k}$ a separable closure of $k$, and ${{G}_{k}}$ the absolute Galois group Gal$(\bar{k}/k)$ of $\bar{k}$ over $k$. For every $\sigma \,\in \,{{G}_{K}}$, let ${{\bar{k}}^{\sigma }}$ be the fixed subfield of $\bar{k}$ under $\sigma$. Let $E/k$ be an elliptic curve over $k$. It is known that the Mordell–Weil group $E({{\bar{k}}^{\sigma }})$ has infinite rank. We present a new proof of this fact in the following two cases. First, when $k$ is a global function field of odd characteristic and $E$ is parametrized by a Drinfeld modular curve, and secondly when $k$ is a totally real number field and $E/k$ is parametrized by a Shimura curve. In both cases our approach uses the non-triviality of a sequence of Heegner points on $E$ defined over ring class fields.

Here we define and prove some properties of the semi-classical wavefront set. We also define and study semi-classical Fourier integral operators and prove a generalization of Egorov’s theorem to manifolds of different dimensions.

We consider a complete noncompact Riemannian manifold $M$ and give conditions on a compact submanifold $K\,\subset \,M$ so that the outward normal exponential map off the boundary of $K$ is a diffeomorphism onto $M\backslash K$. We use this to compactify $M$ and show that pinched negative sectional curvature outside $K$ implies $M$ has a compactification with a well-defined Hölder structure independent of $K$. The Hölder constant depends on the ratio of the curvature pinching. This extends and generalizes a 1985 result of Anderson and Schoen.

Given $r\,>\,1$, we consider convex bodies in ${{\mathbb{E}}^{n}}$ which contain a fixed unit ball, and whose extreme points are of distance at least $r$ from the centre of the unit ball, and we investigate how well these convex bodies approximate the unit ball in terms of volume, surface area and mean width. As $r$ tends to one, we prove asymptotic formulae for the error of the approximation, and provide good estimates on the involved constants depending on the dimension.

This paper deals with the extension of $\text{CR}$ functions from a manifold $M\,\subset \,{{\mathbb{C}}^{n}}$ into directions produced by higher order commutators of holomorphic and antiholomorphic vector fields. It uses the theory of complex “sectors” attached to real submanifolds introduced in recent joint work of the authors with D. Zaitsev. In addition, it develops a new technique of approximation of sectors by smooth discs.

We solve several multi-parameter families of binomial Thue equations of arbitrary degree; for example, we solve the equation

$${{5}^{u}}{{x}^{n}}-{{2}^{r}}{{3}^{5}}{{y}^{n}}=\pm 1,$$

in non-zero integers $x,y$ and positive integers $u,r,s$ and $n\ge 3$. Our approach uses several Frey curves simultaneously, Galois representations and level-lowering, new lower bounds for linear forms in 3 logarithms due to Mignotte and a famous theorem of Bennett on binomial Thue equations.

Let $V$ be an analytic variety in some open set in ${{\mathbb{C}}^{n}}$. For a real analytic curve $\gamma $ with $\gamma (0)\,=\,0$ and $d\,\ge \,1$, define ${{V}_{t}}\,=\,{{t}^{-d}}(V\,-\,\gamma (t))$. It was shown in a previous paper that the currents of integration over ${{V}_{t}}$ converge to a limit current whose support ${{T}_{\gamma ,d}}V$ is an algebraic variety as $t$ tends to zero. Here, it is shown that the canonical defining function of the limit current is the suitably normalized limit of the canonical defining functions of the ${{V}_{t}}$. As a corollary, it is shown that ${{T}_{\gamma ,d}}V$ is either inhomogeneous or coincides with ${{T}_{\gamma ,\,\delta }}V$ for all $\delta $ in some neighborhood of $d$. As another application it is shown that for surfaces only a finite number of curves lead to limit varieties that are interesting for the investigation of Phragmén-Lindelöf conditions. Corresponding results for limit varieties ${{T}_{\sigma ,\delta }}W$ of algebraic varieties $W$ along real analytic curves tending to infinity are derived by a reduction to the local case.

We associate with the Farey tessellation of the upper half-plane an $\text{AF}$ algebra $\mathfrak{A}$ encoding the “cutting sequences” that define vertical geodesics. The Effros–Shen $\text{AF}$ algebras arise as quotients of $\mathfrak{A}$. Using the path algebra model for $\text{AF}$ algebras we construct, for each $\tau \,\,\in \,\,\left( 0 \right.,\left. \frac{1}{4} \right]$, projections $({{E}_{n}})$ in $\mathfrak{A}$ such that ${{E}_{n}}{{E}_{n\pm 1}}E\le \tau {{E}_{n}}$.

We explicitly construct the canonical rational models of Shimura curves, both analytically in terms of modular forms and algebraically in terms of coefficients of genus 2 curves, in the cases of quaternion algebras of discriminant 6 and 10. This emulates the classical construction in the elliptic curve case. We also give families of genus 2 $\text{QM}$ curves, whose Jacobians are the corresponding abelian surfaces on the Shimura curve, and with coefficients that are modular forms of weight 12. We apply these results to show that our $j$-functions are supported exactly at those primes where the genus 2 curve does not admit potentially good reduction, and construct fields where this potentially good reduction is attained. Finally, using $j$, we construct the fields of moduli and definition for some moduli problems associated to the Atkin–Lehner group actions.

We define a family of formal Khovanov brackets of a colored link depending on two parameters. The isomorphism classes of these brackets are invariants of framed colored links. The Bar-Natan functors applied to these brackets produce Khovanov and Lee homology theories categorifying the colored Jones polynomial. Further, we study conditions under which framed colored link cobordisms induce chain transformations between our formal brackets. We conjecture that for special choice of parameters, Khovanov and Lee homology theories of colored links are functorial (up to sign). Finally, we extend the Rasmussen invariant to links and give examples where this invariant is a stronger obstruction to sliceness than the multivariable Levine–Tristram signature.

This paper is a continuation of three recent articles concerning the structure of hyperinvariant subspace lattices of operators on a (separable, infinite dimensional) Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. We show herein, in particular, that there exists a “universal” fixed block-diagonal operator $B$ on $\mathcal{H}$ such that if $\varepsilon >0$ is given and $T$ is an arbitrary nonalgebraic operator on $\mathcal{H}$, then there exists a compact operator $K$ of norm less than $\varepsilon $ such that (i) Hlat$(T)$ is isomorphic as a complete lattice to Hlat$(B+K)$ and (ii) $B+K$ is a quasidiagonal, ${{C}_{00}}$, $(\text{BCP})$-operator with spectrum and left essential spectrum the unit disc. In the last four sections of the paper, we investigate the possible structures of the hyperlattice of an arbitrary algebraic operator. Contrary to existing conjectures, Hlat$(T)$ need not be generated by the ranges and kernels of the powers of $T$ in the nilpotent case. In fact, this lattice can be infinite.

Our main result is that a finitely generated nilpotent group has no isometric action on an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space with dense orbits. In contrast, we construct such an action with a finitely generated metabelian group.

We introduce a natural Hopf algebra structure on the space of noncommutative symmetric functions. The bases for this algebra are indexed by set partitions. We show that there exists a natural inclusion of the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions in this larger space. We also consider this algebra as a subspace of noncommutative polynomials and use it to understand the structure of the spaces of harmonics and coinvariants with respect to this collection of noncommutative polynomials and conclude two analogues of Chevalley’s theorem in the noncommutative setting.

We classify linear weighted graphs up to the blowing-up and blowing-down operations which are relevant for the study of algebraic surfaces.

Let $A={{({{a}_{j,k}})}_{j,k\ge 1}}$ be a non-negative matrix. In this paper, we characterize those $A$ for which ${{\left\| A \right\|}_{E,F}}$ are determined by their actions on decreasing sequences, where $E$ and $F$ are suitable normed Riesz spaces of sequences. In particular, our results can apply to the following spaces: ${{\ell }_{p}}$, $d(w,p)$, and ${{\ell }_{p}}(w)$. The results established here generalize ones given by Bennett; Chen, Luor, and Ou; Jameson; and Jameson and Lashkaripour.

In his seminal papers, Koblitz proposed curves for cryptographic use. For fast operations on these curves, these papers also initiated a study of the radix-$\tau $ expansion of integers in the number fields $\mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt{-3} \right)$ and $\mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt{-7} \right)$. The (window) nonadjacent form of $\tau $ -expansion of integers in $\mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt{-7} \right)$ was first investigated by Solinas. For integers in $\mathbb{Q}\left( \sqrt{-3} \right)$, the nonadjacent form and the window nonadjacent form of the $\tau $ -expansion were studied. These are used for efficient point multiplications on Koblitz curves. In this paper, we complete the picture by producing the (window) nonadjacent radix-$\tau $ expansions for integers in all Euclidean imaginary quadratic number fields.

We say that an abelian variety over a $p$-adic field $K$ has anisotropic reduction $(\text{AR})$ if the special fiber of its Néron minimal model does not contain a nontrivial split torus. This includes all abelian varieties with potentially good reduction and, in particular, those with complex or quaternionic multiplication. We give a bound for the size of the $K$-rational torsion subgroup of a $g$-dimensional $\text{AR}$ variety depending only on $g$ and the numerical invariants of $K$ (the absolute ramification index and the cardinality of the residue field). Applying these bounds to abelian varieties over a number field with everywhere locally anisotropic reduction, we get bounds which, as a function of $g$, are close to optimal. In particular, we determine the possible cardinalities of the torsion subgroup of an $\text{AR}$ abelian surface over the rational numbers, up to a set of 11 values which are not known to occur. The largest such value is 72.