This paper studies questions connected with when the Rees algebra of an ideal or the formring of an ideal is Gorenstein. The main results are for ideals of small analytic deviation, and for m-primary ideals of a regular local ring (R, m). The general point proved is that the Gorenstein property forces (and is sometimes equivalent to) lowering the reduction number of the ideal by one from the value predicted if one only assumes the Rees algebra or formring is Cohen–Macaulay.

For a pair of continuous linear operators T and S on complex Banach spaces X and Y, respectively, this paper studies the local spectral properties of the commutator C(S, T) given by C(S, T)(A): = SA−AT for all A∈L(X, Y). Under suitable conditions on T and S, the main results provide the single valued extension property, a description of the local spectrum, and a characterization of the spectral subspaces of C(S, T), which encompasses the closedness of these subspaces. The strongest results are obtained for quotients and restrictions of decomposable operators. The theory is based on the recent characterization of such operators by Albrecht and Eschmeier and extends the classical results for decomposable operators due to Colojoară, Foiaş, and Vasilescu to considerably larger classes of operators. Counterexamples from the theory of semishifts are included to illustrate that the assumptions are appropriate. Finally, it is shown that the commutator of two super-decomposable operators is decomposable.

The result of Ballantine [1] to the effect that a singular matrix A is a product of k idempotent matrices if and only if the rank of I – A does not exceed k times the nullity of A is generalized to endomorphisms of a class of independence algebras.

The first nonvanishing homotopy group of a finite H-space X whose mod 2 homology ring is associative occurs in degrees 1, 3 or 7. Generators of these groups can be represented by maps α:Sn→X for n = 1, 3 or 7. In this note we prove that under some hypothesis on X there exists an H-structure on Sn, n = 1, 3 or 7 such that α is an H-map.

It is shown that the full automorphism group of a finitely generated group G is virtually free if and only if the center Z(G) is finitely generated of torsion-free rank r at most two and, depending on the value of r, the central quotient G/Z(G) belongs to one of three precisely defined classes of virtually free groups. Some consequences and special cases are also discussed.

A ℤG-module A is said to have an f-decomposition if in which A∫ is a ℤG-submodule of A such that each irreducible ℤG-factor of A∫ as an abelian group is finite and the ℤG-submodule A∫ has no finite irreducible ℤG-factors. In this paper, we prove that: if G is a hyperfinite group then any artinian ℤG-module A has an f-decomposition, which gives a positive answer to the question raised by D.I. Zaitzev in 1986.

We construct examples of unit-regular rings R for which K0(R) has torsion, thus answering a longstanding open question in the negative. In fact, arbitrary countable torsion abelian groups are embedded in K0 of simple unit-regular algebras over arbitrary countable fields. In contrast, in all these examples K0(R) is strictly unperforated.

We consider the problem of maximizing the sum of squares of the leading coefficients of polynomials (where Pj(x) is a polynomial of degree j) under the restriction that the sup-norm of is bounded on the interval [ −b, b] (b>0). A complete solution of the problem is presented using duality theory of convex analysis and the theory of canonical moments. It turns out, that contrary to many other extremal problems the structure of the solution will depend heavily on the size of the interval [ −b, b].

Let G be a torsion free group, F the free group generated by t. The equation r(t) = 1 is said to have a solution over G if there is a solution in some group that contains G. In this paper we generalize a result due to Klyachko who established the solution when the exponent sum of t is one.

For a multiplicative set S of a commutative ring R we define the co-localization functor HomR(Rs,⋅). It is a functor on the category of R-modules to the category of Rs-modules. It is shown to be exact on the category of Artinian R-modules. While the co-localization of an Artinian module is almost never an Artinian Rs-module it inherits many good properties of A, e.g. it has a secondary representation. The construction is applied to the dual of a result of Bourbaki, a description of asymptotic prime divisors and the co-support of an Artinian module.

Sequence transformations are extrapolation methods. They are used for the purpose of convergence acceleration. In the scalar case, such algorithms can be obtained by two different approaches which are equivalent. The first one is an elimination approach based on the solution of a system of linear equations and it makes use of determinants. The second approach is based on the notion of annihilation difference operators. In this paper, these two approaches are generalized to the matrix and the vector cases.

Let Fq be the finite field of q elements. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree d over Fq and let r be the least non-negative residue of q-1 modulo d. Under a mild assumption, we show that there are at most r values of c∈Fq, such that f(x) + cx is a permutation polynomial over Fq. This indicates that the number of permutation polynomials of the form f(x) +cx depends on the residue class of q–1 modulo d.

As an application we apply our results to the construction of various maximal sets of mutually orthogonal latin squares. In particular for odd q = pn if τ(n) denotes the number of positive divisors of n, we show how to construct τ(n) nonisomorphic complete sets of orthogonal squares of order q, and hence τ(n) nonisomorphic projective planes of order q. We also provide a construction for translation planes of order q without the use of a right quasifield.

We introduce a definition of a Schunck class of periodic abelian-by-finite soluble groups using major subgroups in place of the maximal subgroups used in Finite groups. This allows us to develop the theory as in the finite case proving the existence and conjugacy of projectors. Saturated formations are examples of Schunck classes and we are also able to obtain an infinite version of Gaschütz Ω-subgroups.

It is known, for each 1<p<∞, p≠2, that there exist differential operators in LP(ℝN) which are not (unbounded) decomposable operators in the sense of C. Foiaş. In this note we exhibit large classes of differential (and unbounded multiplier operators which are decomposable in LP(ℝN) and hence have good spectral mapping properties; the arguments are based on the existence of a sufficiently rich functional calculus. The basic idea is to take advantage of existing classical results on p-multipliers and use them to generate appropriate functional calculi.

Consider a sufficiently smooth simple closed convex plane curve enclosing the origin, expanding linearly with time. The root mean square of the discrepancy (number of lattice points minus area) from time t = M to t = M + 1 is almost as small as the root mean square discrepancy from time t = 0 to t = M, so the discrepancy has no memory.

Let M be a hypersurface in Euclidean space and let the Ricci curvature of M be bounded below by some nonnegative constant. In this paper, we estimate the sectional curvature of M in terms of the lower bound of Ricci curvature and the upper bound of mean curvature.

Several structure theorems are proved for groups G having the following property. There is a prime p and a collection of subgroups of G such that the elements of G which lie in the complement of every subgroup of the collection all have order p.