Human rights — Genocide — Definition of genocide — Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948 — Actus reus of genocide — Mens rea — Specific intent to destroy protected group as such — Nature of intent — Proof — Whether existence of intent can be inferred from pattern of conduct — Relationship between genocide and other violations of humanitarian law and human rights — Ethnic cleansing — Responsibility for genocide — Complicity in genocide — Duty to prevent genocide — Duty to punish genocide — Whether including duty of co-operation with International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia — Massacre at Srebrenica

International Court of Justice — Jurisdiction — Res judicata — Whether issue of jurisdiction implicitly determined at Preliminary Objections stage can be reopened at merits stage — Whether respondent State party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice at relevant time — Estoppel — Whether relevant — Provisional measures — Binding character of measures indicated before Court first stated that its measures had legal effect — Reparation for failure to comply with provisional measures — Evidence — Burden of proof — Standard of proof — Methods of proof — Relevance of findings by International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

International criminal law — Genocide — Definition of genocide — Obligations under Genocide Convention — Role of International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia — Proof of genocide

International tribunals — International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia — Duty of States to co-operate with Tribunal — Relationship to obligations under Article VI of the Genocide Convention — Relationship between International Court of Justice and International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

State responsibility — Attribution — Concept of de facto organs of State — Responsibility of State for acts of persons and groups under its effective control — Nature of effective control test — Whether requiring proof of control over specific operation — Whether general control sufficient — Complicity — Genocide — International Law Commission Articles on State Responsibility, Articles 4, 8 and 16

State succession — Distinction between successor State and continuing State — Yugoslavia — Claim by Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to be the continuation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia — Separation of Montenegro from State union of Serbia and Montenegro — Whether Serbia the continuation of the State union

War and armed conflict — War crimes — Crimes against humanity — Genocide — Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-5 — Massacre at Srebrenica

Governments — Change of government — Action by new government to recover property allegedly embezzled by former Head of State — Duty of courts in other States to cooperate in preventing removal of assets from reach of courts

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Injunction restraining defendants from dealing with assets — Whether court in one State empowered to grant injunction regarding foreign defendant’s dealings with property situated outside State — The law of England

Diplomatic privileges and immunities — Subordinate members of staff — Alleged breach of tenancy agreement — Technical and administrative officers — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Modified privilege of technical and administrative officers — Subsisting action stayed on ground of immunity — Diplomatic Privileges Act, 1964 — The law of England.

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Whether creating rights enforceable by individuals — Relevance of treaty as an aid to the interpretation of legislation — Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong, 1898 — Provisions regarding land tenure and respect for the law

Treaties — Application — By municipal courts — Whether treaty provisions give rise to rights enforceable by individuals — The law of Hong Kong

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Torts causing personal injury — Torture allegedly committed by foreign government on foreign territory — Whether government entitled to immunity in respect of action for injury caused by torture — Whether exception to immunity for acts in violation of international law — Exception to immunity for actions in respect of personal injury caused by acts or omissions inside the United Kingdom — State Immunity Act 1978, Sections 1 and 5 — Ex parte application for leave to serve proceedings out of the jurisdiction

Human rights — Torture — Civil action against foreign government in respect of torture — Whether government entitled to sovereign immunity — The law of England

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — EEC Treaty, 1957 — Article 189 — Legislation enacted by EEC institutions — Status under municipal law — Regulations — Primacy of EEC law over subsequently enacted municipal law — Whether provisions of EEC law take precedence over fundamental rights under national constitutions

Treaties — Conclusion and operation — Constitutional limitations — Acts of institutions established by EEC Treaty — EEC regulations — Conflict with subsequently enacted municipal law — Whether municipal law automatically abrogated — Scope of role of national Constitutional Court in such circumstances — Powers of ordinary municipal courts to enforce direct applicability of EEC law

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Effect in municipal law — EEC Treaty, 1957 — Nature of legal order established by Treaty — Conflict between provisions of EEC regulations and municipal law — Reference to national Constitutional Court alleging unconstitutionality of conflicting municipal law — Whether provisions of EEC law prevailing over subsequently enacted municipal law

International organizations — EEC — Legal status — Powers — Regulations enacted by Council — Direct applicability — Institutions — Court of Justice of European Communities — Effect of decisions in municipal legal order of Member States

Human rights — Procedure for enforcement — Fundamental rights under Italian Constitution — EEC Treaty, 1957, and secondary legislation — Possible conflict with fundamental rights under Italian Constitution — Whether EEC provisions subject to constitutional review by municipal courts to establish compatibility with fundamental constitutional rights — The law of Italy

Jurisdiction — Extra-territorial Operation of Legislation — Personal Injuries (Emergency Provisions) Act, 1929 — Injuries caused during Accident to British Aircraft Abroad.

International organizations — International administrative tribunals — World Bank Administrative Tribunal — Competence — Dispute concerning alleged non-observance of contracts of employment or terms of appointment — Function of Tribunal — Applicable law — Internal law of the World Bank — General principles of law — Relevance of decisions of other international administrative tribunals — Concept of review by Tribunal of exercise of discretion by World Bank — Procedure — Representative cases

International organizations — Officials — Terms and conditions of employment — Relationship between contract of employment and other sources of employment law — World Bank — Articles of Agreement of the Bank — By-laws — Personnel Manual and Field Office Manual — Expectations of staff members — Power of World Bank to amend general rules regarding terms and conditions of employment — Whether a contractual power — Whether dependent upon employee's acceptance of power of amendment — Balance of rights and duties of staff — Conditions of employment central to that balance not subject to unilateral amendment — Limitations upon Bank's power to amend other conditions of employment — Non-retroactivity — Requirement that amendment be proportionate to the goal which it was sought to achieve — Requirements of reasonableness and good faith

International organizations — Officials — Terms and conditions of employment — Salaries — Tax reimbursement — Adjustments to take account of changes in cost of living — Changes in methods of assessment — Whether legitimate

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Immunity from suit of foreign Government agency in absence of Executive suggestion of immunity — Category of activities to which immunity extends — Distinction between commercial and public acts — Effect of arbitration agreement upon question of Immunity — Arbitration agreement as consent to jurisdiction of court — The law of the United States of America.

Arbitration — Jurisdiction — Bilateral investment treaty — Treaty between two Member States of the European Union — Whether provision for investor–State arbitration compatible with European Union law — Applicable law — Whether including European Union law — Nature of arbitration tribunal — Relationship with national courts and with Court of Justice of the European Union

Economics, trade and finance — Investment — Bilateral investment treaty — Treaty between two Member States of the European Union — Arbitration provision — Whether provision for arbitration of investor–State dispute compatible with European Union law

Treaties — Bilateral investment treaty — Agreement on Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, 1991 — Whether investor–State dispute resolution provision providing for arbitration compatible with Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, 2007

Relationship of international law and municipal law — European Union law — Double nature of European Union law as part of the law in force in every Member State and as deriving from an international agreement between the Member States — Relationship between rights accorded to investors under bilateral investment treaty and principles of European Union law — The law of the European Union