Suppose that T and S are continuous linear operators on complex Banach spaces X and Y, respectively, and that A is a non-zero continuous linear mapping from X to Y. If A intertwines T and S in the sense that SA = AT, then a classical result due to Rosenblum implies that the spectra σ(T) and σ(S) must overlap, see [12]. Actually, Davis and Rosenthal [5]have shown that the surjectivity spectrum σsu(T) will meet the approximate point spectrum σap(S) in this case (terms to be denned below). Further information about the relations between the two spectra and their finer structure becomes available when the intertwiner A is injective or has dense range, see [9], [12], [13].

Let A ⊆ E be an extension of Hopf algebras such that there exists a normal left A-module coalgebra map π : E → A that splits the inclusion. We shall describe the set of all coquasitriangular structures on the Hopf algebra E in terms of the datum (A, E, π) as follows: first, any such extension E is isomorphic to a unified product A ⋉ H, for some unitary subcoalgebra H of E (A. L. Agore and G. Militaru, Unified products and split extensions of Hopf algebras, to appear in AMS Contemp. Math.). Then, as a main theorem, we establish a bijective correspondence between the set of all coquasitriangular structures on an arbitrary unified product A ⋉ H and a certain set of datum (p, τ, u, v) related to the components of the unified product. As the main application, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for Majid's infinite-dimensional quantum double Dλ(A, H) = A ⋈τH to be a coquasitriangular Hopf algebra. Several examples are worked out in detail.

Let s = s(a1, a2,...., ar) denote the number of integer solutions of the equation

subject to the conditions

the ai being given positive integers, and square brackets denoting the integral part. Clearly s (a1,..., ar) is also the number s = s(m) of divisors of which contain exactly λ prime factors counted according to multiplicity, and is therefore, as is proved in [1], the cardinality of the largest possible set of divisors of m, no one of which divides another.

The study of bounded distributive lattices endowed with an additional dual homomorphic operation began with a paper by J. Berman [3]. On the one hand, this class of algebras simultaneously abstracts de Morgan algebras and Stone algebras while, on the other hand, it has relevance to propositional logics lacking both the paradoxes of material implication and the law of double negation. Subsequently, these algebras were baptized distributive Ockham lattices and an order-topological duality theory for them was developed by A. Urquhart [13]. In an elegant paper [9], M. S. Goldberg extended this theory and, amongst other things, described the free algebras and the injective algebras in those subvarieties of the variety 0 of distributive Ockham algebras which are generated by a single finite subdirectly irreducible algebra. Recently, T. S. Blyth and J. C. Varlet [4] explicitly described the subdirectly irreducible algebras in a small subvariety MS of 0 while in [2] the order-topological results of Goldberg were applied to accomplish the same objective for a subvariety k1.1 of 0 which properly contains MS. The aim, here, is to describe explicitly the injective algebras in each of the subvarieties of the variety MS. The first step is to draw the Hasse diagram of the lattice AMS of subvarieties of MS. Next, the results of Goldberg are applied to describe the injectives in each of the join irreducible members of AMS. Finally, this information, in conjunction with universal algebraic results due to B. Davey and H. Werner [8], is applied to give an explicit description of the injectives in each of the join reducible members of AMS.

We prove that up to isomorphism $\langle a,b\,\vert\, ab=0\rangle$ is the unique principal Rees quotient of a free inverse semigroup that is not trivial or monogenic with zero, satisfying a nontrivial identity in signature with involution.

A cardinal number which is too large to be reached by some process is generally said to be inaccessible by that process. Many kinds of inaccessible cardinals have been discussed and for a general survey the book of H. Bachmann [1, Chapter 7] may be consulted. We consider here two inaccessibility properties. We shall denote the cardinal of a set X by |X|. The first inaccessibility property will be called regularity: the cardinal| X| will be said to be regular if there does not exist a disjoint cover {X1: i ε I} of X such that

(i)|X1|<|X|, for each i in I, and

(ii)|I|<|X|.

Let W denote the intersection with the pseudovariety of completely regular semigroups of the Mal'cev product of the pseudovariety of bands with a pseudovariety V of completely regular semigroups. It is shown that the (pseudo)word problem for W is reduced to that for V in such a way that decidability is preserved in the case in which terms involving only multiplication and weak inversion are considered. It is also shown that, if V is a hyperdecidable (respectively canonically reducible) pseudovariety of groups, then so is W.

The formula to be established is

where | amp z < π, z ≠ 0, R(α + β) > R(ς) > R(alpha;) > 0, R(ς - β) > 0.

In proving (1) use will be m ade of the two following formulae.

A closed Riemann surface which can be realized as a three-sheeted covering of the Riemann sphere is called trigonal, and such a covering is called a trigonal morphism. If the trigonal morphism is a cyclic regular covering, the Riemann surface is called a cyclic trigonal Riemann surface. Using the characterization of cyclic trigonality by Fuchsian groups, we find the structure of the space of cyclic trigonal Riemann surfaces of genus 4.

We apply appropriate maximum principles in order to obtain characterization results concerning complete linear Weingarten hypersurfaces with bounded mean curvature in the hyperbolic space. By supposing a suitable restriction on the norm of the traceless part of the second fundamental form, we show that such a hypersurface must be either totally umbilical or isometric to a hyperbolic cylinder, when its scalar curvature is positive, or to a spherical cylinder, when its scalar curvature is negative. Related to the compact case, we also establish a rigidity result.

In this paper we consider complex doubles of compact Klein surfaces that have large automorphism groups. It is known that a bordered Klein surface of algebraic genus g > 2 has at most 12(g − 1) automorphisms. Surfaces for which this bound is sharp are said to have maximal symmetry. The complex double of such a surface X is a compact Riemann surface X+ of genus g and it is easy to see that if G is the group of automorphisms of X then C2 × G is a group of automorphisms of X+. A natural question is whether X+ can have a group that strictly contains C2 × G. In [8] C. L. May claimed the following interesting result: there is a unique Klein surface X with maximal symmetry for which Aut X+ properly contains C2 × Aut X (where Aut X+ denotes the group of conformal and anticonformal automorphisms of X+).

Our purpose is to study the geometry of linear Weingarten spacelike hypersurfaces immersed in a locally symmetric Einstein spacetime, whose sectional curvature is supposed to obey some standard restrictions. In this setting, by using as main analytical tool a generalized maximum principle for complete non-compact Riemannian manifolds, we establish sufficient conditions to guarantee that such a hypersurface must be either totally umbilical or an isoparametric hypersurface with two distinct principal curvatures, one of which is simple. Applications to the de Sitter space are given.

In any field of nonlinear analysis Nemytskij operators, the superposition operators generated by appropriate functions, play a crucial part. Their analytic properties depend on the postulated properties of the defining function and on the function space in which they are considered. A rich source for related questions is the monograph by J. Appell and P. P. Zabrejko [2] and the survey paper by J. Appell [1].

Let F be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p. We fashion an infinite dimensional basic algebra ←p(F), with a transparent combinatorial structure, which controls the rational representation theory of GL2(F).

Unit-regular rings were introduced by Ehrlich [4]. They arose in the search for conditions on a regular ring that are weaker than the ACC, DCC, or finite Goldie dimension, which with von Neumann regularity imply semisimplicity. An account of unit-regular rings, together with a good bibliography, is given by Goodearl [5].

The most classical sufficient condition for the fixed point property of non-expansive mappings FPP in Banach spaces is the normal structure (see [6] and [10]). (See definitions below). Although the normal structure is preserved under finite lp-product of Banach spaces, (1<p≤∞), (see Landes, [12], [13]), not too many positive results are known about the normal structure of an l1,-product of two Banach spaces with this property. In fact, this question was explicitly raised by T. Landes [12], and M. A. Khamsi [9] and T. Domíinguez Benavides [1] proved partial affirmative answers. Here we give wider conditions yielding normal structure for the product X1⊗1X2.

This note contains extensions of the Abelian ergodic theorems in [3] and [6] to functions which take their values in a Banach space. The results are based on an adaptation of Rota's maximal ergodic theorem for Abel limits [8]. Convergence theorems for continuous parameter semigroups are deduced by the approximation technique developed in [3], [6]. A direct application of the resolvent equation also enables us to deduce a convergence theorem for pseudo-resolvents.

We prove a generalisation of an observation of N. Iwahori concerning the coefficients of the extended Dynkin diagram of a complex simple Lie algebra. We relate the combinatorics of these coefficients to the orders of finite groups that act discontinuously on the Riemann sphere and to the Plücker formulae.

A norm ‖ċ‖ on c00 is called combinatorial if there is a regular family of finite subsets $\mathcal{F}$, so that $\|x\|=\sup_{F \in \mathcal{F}} \sum_{i \in F} |x(i)|$. We prove the set of extreme points of the ball of a combinatorial Banach space is countable. This extends a theorem of Shura and Trautman. The second contribution of this article is to exhibit many new examples of extreme points for the unit ball of dual Tsirelson's original space and give an explicit construction of an uncountable collection of extreme points of the ball of Tsirelson's original space. We also prove some stability properties of the intermediate norms used to define Tsirelson's space and give a lower bound of the stabilization function for these intermediate norms.

Since the pioneering work of W. G. Bade [3, 4] a great deal of work has been done on bounded Boolean algebras of projections on a Banach space ([11, XVII.3.XVIII.3], [21, V.3], [16], [6], [12], [13], [14], ]17], [18], [23], [24]). Via the Stone representation space of the Boolean algebra, the theory can be studied through Banach modules over C(K), where K is a compact Hausdorff space. One of the key concepts in the theory is the notion of Bade functionals. If X is a Banach C(K)-module and x ε X, then a Bade functional of x with respect to C(K) is a continuous linear functional α on X such that, for each a in C(K) with a ≥ 0, we have

(i) α (ax) ≥0,

(ii) if α (ax) = 0, then ax = 0.