Three new species of the Neotropical genus Barbacenia (Velloziaceae, Pandanales) from Tocantins, Brazil, are described and illustrated, based on morphology and leaf anatomy. The known species richness of the genus is mapped within the countries of South America and the states of Brazil.

Six new species of Cyrtandra from Borneo (C. apaensis, C. burleyana, C. filisecta, C. subsphaerocarpa, C. tibangensis, C. toreniiflora) are described. Cyrtandra albibracteata is re-described in order to correct gross errors in the original paper. The published diagnosis validating C. paragibbsiae from Brunei is supplemented by a full description.

A new species of Swertia (Gentianaceae) from Thailand is described and illustrated.

Nine species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) are recognized in Peninsular Malaysia. Three (C. cupulata, C. pendula and C. wallichii) are common and occur more or less throughout the area; C. pendula is also recorded from Singapore. Four (C. dispar, C. gimlettei, C. patula and C. suffruticosa) have more restricted distributions, and two (C. lanceolata and C. stonei) are local endemics. Three species and one variety originally described by Ridley are here reduced to synonymy: C. barbata (=C. cupulata), C. falcata (=C. suffruticosa) and C. rotundifolia (=C. pendula), and C. cupulata var. minor (=C. cupulata). Keys for fieldwork and herbarium use are presented and general information is provided. The appendix by M.H. Bokhari contains descriptions of leaf anatomy for eight of the nine species recognized and a key based on anatomical characters.

For 185 years, the genus Eumachia (Rubiaceae) was considered to include one species from Tonga. Since 2015, 94 more names have been added to it, expanding Eumachia into a pantropical genus of shrubby plants, most of whose members were originally described in Psychotria. Four Psychotria species from Southeast Asia that were identified as potentially belonging in Margaritopsis (now a synonym of Eumachia) have not yet had combinations made in Eumachia. They are considered here, and new combinations are made for Psychotria extensa Miq., P. montana Blume and P. rostrata Blume. The fourth name, Psychotria expansa Blume, is considered a synonym. The identities of Chassalia sangiana Miq. and Psychotria rhodocarpa Teijsm. & Binn. are also discussed. Lectotypes are designated for several names.

Ochotonophila flava Dickoré & Freitag sp. nov. (Caryophyllaceae – Silenoideae) is described from the mountains of Bamiyan Province, central Afghanistan. It differs from the two previously known species endemic to Afghanistan, Ochotonophila allochrusoides Gilli and O. eglandulosa Hedge & Wendelbo, by its cream to yellow petals and elliptic leaves. A key to the identification of Ochotonophila species is provided; distribution and ecology are outlined.

Gentiana cachemirica is a rare plant from northern Pakistan and northwestern India. The sectional position of this species has been a matter of considerable debate. Various authors have placed Gentiana cachemirica in one of three different sections – Gentiana sect. Isomeria, Gentiana sect. Kudoa or Gentiana sect. Pneumonanthe. The present paper assesses the taxonomic affinities of this species using a detailed study of its morphology accompanied by morphological phylogenetic and cluster analyses. Characters of the seed testa, corolla morphology and growth architecture were studied for selected species from the above-mentioned sections and closely related Gentiana sect. Cruciata. Representatives of Gentiana sect. Ciminalis were used as outgroups. Our results suggest that G. cachemirica belongs to Gentiana sect. Pneumonanthe and that its affinities are closer to the Western Asiatic group of this section.

Rhodothamnus sessilifolius P.H. Davis (Ericaceae) was until recently known only from two gatherings from NE Turkey, and had not been seen since 1960. The type locality was re-found in 2000, together with two new populations. An emended description of this rare species is provided, including details of the first fruiting material and seeds to have been collected, and notes on its ecology.

Caudella bipolaris sp. nov. (Microthyriaceae), found on leaves of the liana Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. (Polygalaceae) from the Brazilian cerrado, is described and illustrated. This is the fourth known Caudella species and the first reported on a member of the family Polygalaceae. Unique within the genus are the species' bipolar ascospore appendages.

On the basis of previously published molecular data, and morphological observations, Carex nigra subsp. drukyulensis from the eastern Himalayas (Bhutan) is raised to specific rank as Carex drukyulensis.

Species delimitation in Scaphium (Sterculioideae, Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae) has been problematic and has led to confusion in identification of species. The genus was last revised in 1953 and at that time comprised four species. Since then five new species have been published. This revision of Scaphium recognises eight species, with other names being accounted for in synonymy or by exclusion from the genus.

Two new species of Malpighiaceae are proposed: Hiraea costaricensis C.E.Anderson and H. polyantha C.E.Anderson. Hiraea costaricensis is characterised by the presence of basifixed hairs on the stems and leaves; H. polyantha, of Colombia, is distinctive in its large inflorescences, composed of c.100 flowers. Collections of the novelties had been associated with Hiraea smilacina Standl., a species that traditionally had been thought conspecific with H. quapara (Aubl.) Sprague; they are immediately separated by their fruits. In Hiraea smilacina the schizocarps break into three butterfly-shaped samaras, as is typical for the genus. The fruit of Hiraea quapara is spherical, composed of three mericarps covered by a network of reduced winglets. Hiraea smilacina is found from southern Mexico through Central America, except El Salvador and Nicaragua, and has been collected also in Colombia and Ecuador. Hiraea quapara is known mainly from French Guiana, with one collection from adjacent Suriname and two from Amapá, Brazil. All taxa are fully described and illustrated.

The new species Clinopodium jacquelinae (Labiatae) is described from Peru. Distribution and morphological variability of Clinopodium cylindrostachys are examined and discussed.

A new species, Rhododendron pseudomaddenii A.A.Mao & M.Bhaumik (Ericaceae), is described and illustrated from India.

The genus Ciminalis Adans. is being revised from Pakistan and Kashmir. The present investigation has revealed the presence of one new species: C. ballistanica Omer. Three specific combinations are made: C. harwanensis (G. Singh) Omer; C. karelinii (Griseb.) Omer and C. capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Omer and two infraspecific combinations are made: C. capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Omer var. strobiliformis (Clarke) Omer and C. capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Omer var. andersonii (Clarke) Omer. A key to the taxa, geographical distribution, specimens examined and notes on typification are also provided.

A new species of Passiflora is described from the Andes of Colombia. Passiflora formosa T. Ulmer is characterized by its densely tomentose ovary, the 5–7 petiolar glands and the large leaves which are up to 19cm long. It most closely resembles P. lanata and P. cuatrecasasii. The differences between these species are discussed.

The synonymy of Asplenium unisodontum C.Presl (Aspleniaceae) in the Philippines is clarified. Asplenium anisodontum C.Presl. A. longissimum Blume and A. caudatum G.Forst. are different species. A. anisodontum C.Presl and A. longissimum Blume are both found in the Philippines. The presence of Asplenium cuudatum G.Forst. in the Philippines is doubtful. Asplenium acutiusculum Blume is the same as A. longissimum Blume and the latter name should be accepted.

A new species of Rhynchoglossum, R. capsulare Ohwi ex Karton. (Gesneriaceae), is described and illustrated. This species resembles the widespread Rhynchoglossum obliquum Blume. A new combination, Codonoboea kjellbergii (B.L.Burtt) Karton., is proposed to accommodate the former Henckelia kjellbergii B.L.Burtt.

A new species of Vaccinium section Bracteata (Ericaceae), Vaccinium utteridgei Argent, presently only known from the type locality in Papua (West New Guinea), Indonesia, is described. Its distinctive characters are discussed and comments made on the differences between this and related species.