Three new species and one new subspecies of Labiatae are described from the eastern Himalayan mountains: Isodon atroruber R. A. Clement, Anisochilus mitis R. A. Clement, Teucrium grandifolium R. A. Clement and Phlomis rotata Hook. f. subsp. bhutanica R. A. Clement. The new combination Marmoritis pharica (Prain) R. A. Clement is made.

Lyperia canariensis and Urbania lyperiiflora are transferred to Camptoloma Benth; Manulea antirrhinoides is transferred to Lyperia Benth., and one species of Lyperia is newly described; fifteen species and one subspecies of Sutera are newly described, and one new combination is made.

Teucrium (Lamiaceae) from NE tropical Africa is revised. Of the six species recognized, three new species are described and illustrated: T. clementiae Ryding from E Ethiopia and N Somalia, T. somalense Ryding from NW Somalia, and T. polioides Ryding from NE and C Somalia. Maps and a key to the species are also provided.

Microslructures of agarics subjected to simulated digestive juices were shown to retain their morphology. It is demonstrated that these structures can be used in identification in cases of poisoning.

Pulicaria hadramautica Gamal-Eldin & Boulos (Asteraceae, Inuleae), a new species belonging to sect. Platychaete is described and illustrated from S Sayun, Republic of Yemen.

Haemanthus grandifolius Balf.f., a Socotran endemic, has been found flowering for the first time and is shown to be better placed in the genus Ledebouria (Hyacinthaceae); the new combination Ledebouria grandifolia (Balf.f.) A.G. Mill. & D. Alexander is made and an expanded description given.

The following descriptions of new taxa, new combinations, lectotypifications, and nomenclatural notes are required for the forthcoming volume of the Flora of Bhutan (volume 3, part 2, Gramineae). New species: Agrostis ushae Noltie from India (Sikkim), Arundinella dagana Noltie and Cymbopogon bhutanicus Noltie from Bhutan. New subspecies: Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. sikkimensis Noltie from India (Sikkim) and China (Tibet). New combinations: Agrostis petelotii (Hitchc.) Noltie, Urochloa supervacua (C.B. Clarke) Noltie, Cymbopogon munroi (C.B. Clarke) Noltie, Urochloa villosa var. barbata (Bor) Noltie, Themeda triandra var. laxa (Andersson) Noltie. The following species are reported here for the first time from the following countries. Bhutan: Neyraudia curvipes Ohwi, Tripogon purpurascens Duthie, Elymus duthiei (Melderis) G. Singh, Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv., Spodiopogon lacei Hole, Microstegium falconeri (Hook.f.) Clayton. China (Yunnan): Agrostis zenkeri Trin. Bangladesh: Panicum laxum Sw.

Six new species of Vaccinium, identified as new to science by the late George Argent while compiling a revision of Vaccinium sect. Orianthe for New Guinea, are described and illustrations provided.

The new species Begonia maguniana H.P.Wilson from New Guinea is described. It is endemic to the Central Range of New Guinea at altitudes of c.1700–2300 m and belongs to the IUCN category Least Concern.

In the species-rich tropics, rapid assessment surveys have become a widely employed method for acquiring bioestimates of site value. Some of Papua New Guinea's most pristine habitats are currently being explored with such surveys. Five new species collected during these investigations are described here. The novelties are Psychotria kamialii sp. nov. (Rubiaceae), P. muellerdomboisii sp. nov., P. pseudomaschalodesme sp. nov., P. wiakabui sp. nov., and Solanum symonianum sp. nov. (Solanaceae). Taxonomic notes are also provided for Aglaia puberulanthera (Meliaceae), and Palmeria gracilis (Monimiaceae).

Adelocaryum Brand (Boraginaceae – Cynoglosseae) is shown to be the correct name for Paracaryopsis (H.Riedl) R.R.Mill, and the new combination Adelocaryum lambertianum (C.B.Clarke) R.R.Mill is made. The new species Adelocaryum nebulicola R.R.Mill is described from Oman and its affinities with the Indian species A. coelestinum (Lindl.) R.R.Mill are discussed. A synopsis of and revised key to the entire genus is provided as well as a revised description of Adelocaryum coelestinum. As circumscribed here Adelocaryum is restricted to tall mesophytic herbs lacking long glochidiate spinules on the wing-like margin of the nutlets. The desert annual or biennial Brandella erythraea is here excluded from Adelocaryum. The new combination Brandella erythraea forma subexalata (H.Riedl) R.R.Mill is made. Lindelofia spectabilis Lehm., for which the current correct name is L. longiflora (Benth.) Baill., is designated lectotype of the genus Lindelofia Lehm.

The limits of Pedicularis L. ser. Megalanthae (Prain) Bonati (Orobanchaceae) are revised. The series, typified by Pedicularis megalantha D.Don, is restricted to seven species chiefly inhabiting the eastern Sino-Himalayan region. Authorship of the name Megalanthae at series rank is ascribed to Bonati (Mém. Soc. Bot. France 18: 13, 1910) because the groups recognised by Prain in 1890, that have been traditionally regarded as series, are in fact rankless. Two species of the NW Himalayan region, Pedicularis bicornuta Klotzsch and P. elephantoides Benth., are removed from P. ser. Megalanthae as they differ significantly from the eastern species in their floral morphology. These species are considered sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as the new series Pedicularis ser. Bicornutae R.R.Mill. This new series is provisionally assigned to Pedicularis sect. Phanerantha H.L.Li. Pedicularis bicornuta, whose holotype is destroyed, and P. eximia G.Watt are lectotypified. The recently published Pedicularis bicornuta var. adenocalyx R.R.Mill includes the lectotype and much, but not all, material previously assigned to P. eximia.

Three new species of Chilocarpus (Apocynaceae – Rauvolfioideae) from Malesia are described: Chilocarpus hirtus D.J.Middleton, Chilocarpus pubescens D.J.Middleton and Chilocarpus sarawakensis D.J.Middleton. Preliminary conservation assessments are proposed.

Rhododendron stanleyi S.James & Argent is described as a new species from Mount Yule, Central Province, Papua New Guinea. Its morphological position in the subgenus is discussed and the differences given from the most closely similar species. A note on the habitat and conservation assessment is also provided.