It is shown that the monotypic genus Whitesloanea (Asclepiadaceae, Stapelieae) is closely allied to Duvalia and Huernia but nevertheless should remain separate from them. The basionym, Caralluma crassa N.E. Br., is lectotypified.

The following new species and subspecies are described: Carex burttii Noltie, C. griersonii Noltie, C. nigra (L.) Reich, subsp. drukyulensis Noltie, C. schlagintweitiana Boeck. subsp. deformis Noltie, C. speciosa Kunth subsp. dilatata Noltie, C. speciosa subsp. pinetorum Noltie, C. laeta Boott subsp. gelongii Noltie. The new combination C. fusiformis Nees subsp. finitima (Boott) Noltie is made. C. sikkimensis C.B. Clarke is reduced to the synonymy of C. fucata Boott ex C.B. Clarke, and C. praelonga C.B. Clarke to that of C. teres Boott. Notes are provided on C. notha Kunth, C. inclinis C.B. Clarke, C. inanis C.B. Clarke and C. alopecuroides D. Don ex Tillooh & Taylor. C. fastigiata Franch. and C. radicatis Boott are reported new to Bhutan and C. montis-everestii Kük. new to Sikkim. Lectotypes are designated for C. fucata, C. sikkimensis, C. teres, C. praelonga, C. setigera γ humilis, C. inanis. C. fusiformis, C. finitima, C. alopecuroides, C. chlorostachys D. Don ex Tilloch & Taylor and C. alopecuroides var. chlorostachya C.B. Clarke. A phytogeographical checklist is provided for species occurring in the Flora of Bhutan area.

The genus Colutea (Fabaceae) has been revised in preparation for the Flora of Iran treatment and a synopsis is presented here. In Iran the genus includes four sections, three subsections and nine species. An identification key, notes and distributions are given for the taxa. Two new subsections are described: Colutea sect. Rostrata subsect. Gifana and Colutea sect. Rostrata subsect. Uniflora.

Typhonium praetermissum and T. taylori (Araceae) are described as species new to science from the Northern Territory, Australia. The first is intermediate in character between Typhonium Schott and Lazarum A. Hay. Consequently, Lazarum is reduced to the synonymy of Typhonium and the new combination Typhonium mirabile is made. The new species are illustrated.

The genus Boea Comm. ex Lam. is revised. Eleven species are recognised, including the new species Boea morobensis C.Puglisi. A key is provided, all names are typified, and the species are described.

A heterogenic system of incompatibility is described in Coprinus bisporus which involves two alleles at two loci, in addition to the unifactorial homogenic incompatibility locus already described for this two-spored species. The patterns of non-allelic heterogenic incompatibility found in C. bisporus are used to predict those expected in species with bifactorial homogenic incompatibility. This type of heterogenic incompatibility could lead to speciation.

The new species Onosma griersonii R. R. Mill (Boraginaceae) is described from Bhutan. The species belongs to O. sect. Maharanga (DC.) C. B. Clarke.

A new species of Roscoea is described and illustrated. Roscoea megalantha Tosh.Yoshida & R.Yangzom occurs in the Eastern Zone of Bhutan and neighbouring Arunachal Pradesh in India. A distribution map and an IUCN conservation assessment are given. A key to the three species of Roscoea found in Bhutan is provided.

Nonea pallens was recently collected by the authors in the Yildiz mountain region in Turkey-in-Europe. The species is new for the Turkish flora and the population marks the southern limit of the species range. Geographical and ecological details are given about the record locality, along with an original description and iconography of the Turkish specimens. Original material of N. pallens was traced in G, W and FI, allowing a lectotype to be selected. Finally, a karyological analysis provided new data about the systematic position of this poorly known species within the genus.

The classification of three subtropical, primarily Indian, members of the tribe Cynoglosseae (Boraginaceae) which C. B. Clarke included in Paracaryum P. coelestinum (Lindley) Bentham, P. lambertianum C. B. Clarke and P.malabaricum C. B. Clarke – is discussed. The conclusion reached is that Clarke was correct to assign them all to one genus, but that none has any affinity with the mainly Irano-Turanian genus Paracaryum (DC.) Boiss. Cynoglossum L. sect. Paracaryopsis H. Riedl, to which Riedl transferred P. coelestinum, is elevated to generic rank as Paracaryopsis (H. Riedl) R. Mill, with three new combinations at specific rank. A systematic treatment of Paracaryopsis is given.

The tribe Calenduleae of the Compositae (Asteraceae) has a pronounced centre of diversity in South Africa, particularly in Cape Province. The largest genus, Osteospermum L., contains c.50 species in Africa and southwestern Arabia, including about 40 in Cape Province. Two new species are described here, both narrowly endemic in southwestern Cape Province. Osteospermum australe is confined to lowland coastal limestone areas in Bredasdorp district, whereas Osteospermum burttianum has a restricted distribution in the Langebergen mountains in Heidelberg district.

Harpullia mabberleyana W.N.Takeuchi (Sapindaceae) is described from historically unexplored environments in Papua New Guinea’s southern ranges. The new species can be instantly recognised by its simple leaves, the only Harpullia ever found with that character. New observations and occurrences are also reported for the rarely collected Harpullia rhachiptera and Lepisanthes mixta.

Two new species of Begonia sect. Bracteibegonia, B. curvifolia Ardi and B. ocellata Ardi, are described from West Sumatra, Indonesia. The species are endemic to Sumatra and belong to the IUCN category Data Deficient. A modified identification key to all 11 species of Begonia sect. Bracteibegonia in Sumatra is provided.

Critical discussions are presented concerning two species complexes within Galium L. (Rubiaceae). the G. acutum Edgew. and G. asperifolium Wall, groups, with special reference to the E Himalayas. In the G. acutum group, two new species, G. megacyttarion R.R. Mill sp. nov. and G. rebae R.R. Mill sp. nov., are described and G. himalavense Klotzsch & Garcke is reduced to a variety of G. acutum, necessitating a new combination. Within the G. asperifolium group, G. craticulatum R.R. Mill sp. nov. is described, and G. asperifolium and G. sikkimense Gand. regarded as distinct species. The typification of several epithets (G. blinii Lev., G. bodinieri Lév., G. cavaleriei Lév., G. comari Lév. & Vaniot, and G. esquirolii Lév.), which all antedate G. sikkimense, is discussed. Only G. cavaleriei poses a potential threat but it is here maintained separate from G. sikkimense. Brief notes on G. asperifolium sensu stricto and supposedly allied plants of south India (G. asperifolium var. pilosissimum Cufod.) are given.

A striking new species of Diastema, D. fimbratiloba, is described from Ucayali Region, along the eastern Andean slopes in central Peru. The new species has a fimbriate lower corolla lobe, a feature not previously documented in the genus. We also provide a general comparison of the newly described species and morphologically related species in the context of the taxonomy and phylogeny of the poorly known genus Diastema.

Vaccinium oscarlopezianum (sect. Bracteata Nakai) (Ericaceae), known only from two sites in the Sierra Madre Mountains of Luzon, Philippines, is formally described.

Haemanthus grandifolius Balf.f., a Socotran endemic, has been found flowering for the first time and is shown to be better placed in the genus Ledebouria (Hyacinthaceae); the new combination Ledebouria grandifolia (Balf.f.) A.G. Mill. & D. Alexander is made and an expanded description given.