Let A be the local ring at a singular point p of an algebraic reduced curve. Let M (resp. Ml,..., Mh) be the maximal ideal of A (resp. of Ā). In this paper we want to classify ordinary singularities p with reduced tangent cone: Spec(G(A)). We prove that G(A) is reduced if and only if: p is an ordinary singularity, and the vector spaces span the vector space . If the points of the projectivized tangent cone Proj(G(A)) are in generic position then p is an ordinary singularity if and only if G(A) is reduced. We give an example which shows that the preceding equivalence is not true in general.

We call a ring R (associative and with identity) for which every quasi-injective right R-module is injective a QII-ring. Similarly R is called an SSI-ring when every semisimple right R-module is injective. Clearly every semisimple, artinian ring is a QII-ring and every QII-ring is an SSI-ring. One then asks whether these inclusions among classes of rings are proper. The purpose of this note is to point out an instance when SSI implies QII It is then easy to see that an example of Cozzens shows that the class of QII-rings properly contains the class of semisimple, artinian rings.

The principal object of this note is to determine the maximal order of Abelian subgroups of the symmetric group sn of degree n. We also discuss some related results and problems.

A largest Abelian subgroup of sn has order f(n) where

Let pij be the number of rooted convex polyhedra with i + 1 vertices and j + 1 faces. We express pij as a singly indexed summation whose terms decrease geometrically. From this we deduce that

uniformly as max(i, j) → ∞.

Let $G=\left( \mathbb{Z}/a\rtimes \mathbb{Z}/b \right)\times \text{S}{{\text{L}}_{2}}\left( {{\mathbb{F}}_{p}} \right)$, and let $X\left( n \right)$ be an $n$-dimensional $CW$-complex of the homotopy type of an $n$-sphere. We study the automorphism group $\text{Aut}\left( G \right)$ in order to compute the number of distinct homotopy types of spherical space forms with respect to free and cellular $G$-actions on all $CW$-complexes $X\left( 2dn-1 \right)$, where $2d$ is the period of $G$. The groups $\varepsilon \left( X\left( 2dn-1 \right)/\mu \right)$ of self homotopy equivalences of space forms $X\left( 2dn-1 \right)/\mu$ associated with free and cellular $G$-actions $\mu$ on $X\left( 2dn-1 \right)$ are determined as well.

Let M be a differentiable manifold which admits the free action of a group Γ with compact quotient M’ = M/Γ. Suppose that the Γ action lifts to a Hermitian vector bundle E→M. If Γ leaves invariant a measure μ on M, then denote by L2(E) the completion of with respect to the inner product .

The concepts of repleteness and more generally measure repleteness are investigated for set-theoretic lattices on specific subspaces of a lattice space. These general results are then applied to specific topological spaces, and we obtain as special cases some known theorems as well as some new results concerning for example, ∝-completeness, realcompactness, measure compactness and Borel-measure compactness.

Let us suppose one of the following conditions: (a) p ≧ 2 and F is a closed subspace of a projective limit (b) p = 1 and F is a complemented subspace of an echelon Köthe space of order 1, Λ(X,β,μ,gk); and (c) 1 > p > 2 and F is a quotient of a countable product of Lp(μn) spaces. Then, F is Montel if and only if no infinite dimensional subspace of F is normable.

Let be a representation of the finite group G over the field . If the order |G| of G is relatively prime to the characteristic of or n = 1 or 2, then it is known that the ring of invariants is Cohen-Macaulay. There are examples to show that need not be Cohen-Macaulay when |G| is divisible by the characteristic of . In all such examples is at least 4. In this note we fill the gap between these results and show that rings of invariants in three variables are always Cohen-Macaulay.

This paper presents a new type of fractal surfaces called the Takagi surfaces. These are obtained by summing up pyramids of increasing (doubling) frequencies scaled by a geometric ratio b. The fractal dimension (box dimension) of the graph of these functions is shown to be log 8b/log 2.

It is shown that it follows from PFA that there is no compact scattered space of height greater than $\omega $ in which the sequential order and the scattering heights coincide.

Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree d ≥ 2 defined over the finite field kq with q = pn elements. Let

If f*(x, y) has no irreducible factor over kq which is absolutely irreducible, f is called an exceptional polynomial [1]. Davenport and Lewis have noted that when d is small compared with p, a permutation (substitution) polynomial is necessarily an exceptional polynomial. It is the purpose of this paper to prove the converse; that is, we will show the existence of a constant a(d), depending only on d, such that if f(x.) is an exceptional polynomial over kq, where p ≥ a(d), then f(x) is a permutation polynomial.

Two sequences of natural numbers are said to be complementary if they contain all the positive integers without repetition or omission. S. Beatty [l] observed that the sequences

(1)

(2)

(where square brackets denote the integral part function) are complementary if and only if α > 0 and α is irrational. We call the pair (1),(2) Beatty sequences of argument α.

Knopp's inequality for convex functions ϕ on an interval I = [m,M] states that

for an explicit functional H, and all integrable g: [0, 1] → I. In this paper we give results of this kind in which the integral operator, ∫, is replaced by a general isotonic linear functional.

We show that any differentiable involution on a closed manifold whose fixed point set is a disjoint union of odd-dimensional real projective spaces must be a bounding involution.

The notion of metric compactification was introduced by Gromov and later rediscovered by Rieffel. It has been mainly studied on proper geodesic metric spaces. We present here a generalization of the metric compactification that can be applied to infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. Thereafter we give a complete description of the metric compactification of infinite-dimensional $\ell _{p}$ spaces for all $1\leqslant p<\infty$. We also give a full characterization of the metric compactification of infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.

This article presents some new algebraic and module theoretic characterizations of strongly regular rings. The latter uses Lambek’s notion of symmetry. Strongly regular rings are shown to admit an involution and form an equational category. An example due to Paré shows that the category of regular rings and ring homomorphisms between them is not equational. Remarks on quasiinverses and the generalized inverse of a matrix are included. The author acknowledges support from the NRC (A7752) and improvements from W. Blair received after announcement of the results.

It is very well known that any two bases of a finitary matroid (see [2] for definitions) have the same cardinality. As Dlab has shown in [1], the same does not hold for arbitrary transitive exchange spaces; indeed, since the examples Dlab constructs in [1] are matroids, it does not even hold for arbitrary matroids. Nevertheless with the aid of the generalized continuum hypothesis (G. C.H.) we are able to prove the result for B-matroids.

Let F be a field, G a subgroup of Sm, the symmetric group of degree m, and χ a linear character on G, i.e., a homomorphism of G into the multiplicative group of F. Let V1,...,Vm be vector spaces over F such that Vi = Vσ(i) for i=1,…,m and for all σ∈G. If W is a vector space over F, then a m-multilinear function is said to be symmetric with respect to G and χ if

for any σ ∊ G and for arbitrary xi ∊ Vi.