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17267 results in Latin American government, politics and policy

Page 265 of 864

  • LAS volume 53 issue 1 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 53 / Issue 1 / February 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 February 2021, pp. f1-f5
    Print publication:
    February 2021
    • Article
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  • LAS volume 53 issue 1 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 53 / Issue 1 / February 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 February 2021, pp. b1-b2
    Print publication:
    February 2021
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • Export citation

  • 6 - Argentina

  • Gabriel Ondetti, Missouri State University
  • Book:
    Property Threats and the Politics of Anti-Statism
    Published online:
    14 January 2021
    Print publication:
    28 January 2021, pp 191-233

  • Summary

    Although the trajectory of Argentina’s tax burden has been more volatile than Brazil’s, today the countries share a similar level of taxation. This similarity reflects the fact that neither has experienced threats to private property profound enough to spur the rise of a powerful anti-statist bloc. The most significant redistributive reform wave in Argentine history occurred under Juan Perón (1946-1955), who mobilized workers and expanded the welfare state. However, like Getúlio Vargas, Perón spared private property and opposed socialism. As a result, he failed to provoke the formation of an anti-statist bloc capable of acting as an enduring constraint on public sector growth. Instead, he aggravated private sector divisions, strengthened labor and forged a broad populist electoral coalition. For decades, military intervention kept statists from wielding power in a sustained fashion. In addition, hyperinflation and the global ascendancy of neoliberalism pushed even a peronista president to adopt neoliberal reforms in the 1990s. Gradually, however, these constraints have fallen away, and the superiority of statist forces has come to be reflected in heavy taxation and social spending.

  • 5 - Brazil

  • Gabriel Ondetti, Missouri State University
  • Book:
    Property Threats and the Politics of Anti-Statism
    Published online:
    14 January 2021
    Print publication:
    28 January 2021, pp 149-190

  • Summary

    Although authorities have taken measures since the mid-2000s to contain tax burden growth, Brazil remains far more heavily taxed than Chile or Mexico. This chapter explains why. Contemporary analyses emphasize the 1998 constitution, which created major new social spending commitments. While raising a legitimate point, this argument suffers from important limitations, including the fact that Brazil was already Latin America’s most heavily taxed country even before 1988. This chapter argues that Brazil’s heavy taxation must be understood in terms of how historical events have shaped the influence of statist and anti-statist actors. In Chile and Mexico, threats to property turned economic elites against the state. In Brazil, in contrast, elites have faced no comparable threat. As a result, they have not come to view state expansion as particularly alarming and have not organized intensively to thwart it. Authorities have thus felt relatively free to increase taxes. In addition, Brazil’s state-led development path has provided more fertile ground for labor to expand and wield influence. The origins and evolution of the 1988 constitution must be understood within this broader context.

Page 265 of 864