Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T17:33:28.595Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 February 2021

Marcelo Bergman  and
Gustavo Fondevila
Marcelo Bergman
Affiliation:
Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Argentina
Gustavo Fondevila
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, Mexico
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Prisons and Crime in Latin America , pp. 227 - 252
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Aebi, M., Linde, A., & Delgrande, N. (2015) Is there a relationship between imprisonment and crime in Western Europe? European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 21(3): 425–446.Google Scholar
Aebi, M. F., Tiago, M. M., & Burkhardt, C. (2016) SPACE I – Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics: Prison populations. Survey 2015. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Google Scholar
Aguilar, J. (2004) La mano dura y las ‘políticas’ de seguridad. Estudios Centroamericanos (ECA), 667: 439–450.Google Scholar
Aguilar, J., & Miranda, L. (2006) Entre la articulación y la competencia: las respuestas de la sociedad civil organizada a las pandillas en El Salvador. Maras y Pandillas en Centroamérica: Las respuestas de la sociedad civil organizada, 4, 37–64.Google Scholar
Alarid, L. (2000) Sexual assault and coercion among incarcerated women prisoners: Excerpts from prison letters, The Prison Journal, 80(4): 391–406.Google Scholar
Alexander, M. (2010) The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Alguindigue, C., & Pérez Perdomo, R. (2008) The inquisitor strikes back: Obstacles to the reform of criminal procedure, Southwestern Journal of Law & Trade in the Americas, 15: 101–121.Google Scholar
Álvarez, P. (2011) Retroceso de los derechos humanos en las cárceles de Argentina. http://suite101.net/article/situacion-de-derechos-humanos-en-crceles-empeoro-en-argentina-a37648Google Scholar
Álvarez, P., Marangunic, A., & Herrera, R. (2010) Impacto de la Reforma Procesal Penal en la población carcelaria del país, Revista de Estudios Criminológicos y Penitenciarios, 11: 117–133.Google Scholar
Ambos, K., Eser, A., Jost, S., Maier, J. B., & Woischnik, J. (2000) Las reformas procesales penales en América Latina. Buenos Aires: AD-HOC.Google Scholar
Amorim, C. (1993) Comando vermelho. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record.Google Scholar
Amorim, C. (2003) Comando Vermelho: A História Secreta do Crime Organizado. Rio de Janeiro: Record.Google Scholar
Anand, P. (2012) California’s Department of Corrections: Shifting prisoners and costs to counties. California Common Sense. http://cacs.org/research/californias-department-of-corrections-shifting-prisoners-and-costs-to-counties/Google Scholar
Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010) Rehabilitating criminal justice policy and practice, Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 16: 39–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andvig, J., & Fjeldstad, O. (2008) Crime, Poverty and Police Corruption in Non-Rich Countries. Oslo: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs.Google Scholar
Antillano, A. (2015) Cuando los presos mandan: control informal dentro de la cárcel venezolana, Espacio Abierto, 24(4): 16–39.Google Scholar
Antillano, A. (2016) Tan lejos y tan cerca: Desigualdad y violencia en Venezuela. Espacio Abierto, 25(1): 37–60.Google Scholar
Antillano, A., Pojomovsky, I., Zubillaga, V., Sepúlveda, Ch., & Hanson, R. (2016) The Venezuelan prison: From neoliberalism to the Bolivarian revolution, Crime Law and Social Change, 65(3): 195–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antillano, A., & Zubillaga, V. (2014) La conexión drogas ilícitas violencia. Una revisión de la literatura y consideraciones a la luz de la experiencia venezolana, Espacio Abierto: Cuaderno Venezolano de Sociología, 23(1): 129–148.Google Scholar
Arias, D. (2006) Drugs and Democracy in Rio de Janeiro: Trafficking, Social Networks, and Public Security. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina PressGoogle Scholar
Arias, D. (2017) Criminal Enterprises and Governance in Latin American and the Caribbean. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Auyero, J., & Berti, M. (2013) La Violencia en los Márgenes: Una maestra y un sociólogo en el conurbano bonaerense. Buenos Aires: Katz.Google Scholar
Auyero, J., Bourgois, P., & Scheper-Hughes, N., eds. (2015) Violence at the Urban Margins (Global and Comparative Ethnography). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Auyero, J., & Sobering, K. (2019) The Ambivalent State: Police-Criminal Collusion at the Urban Margins. New York: Oxford University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azaola, E. (2014) El comercio con el dolor y la esperanza. La extorsión telefónica en México, URVIO – Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, 6: 115–122.Google Scholar
Azaola, E. (2014) La Violencia de hoy, las violencias de siempre, Desacatos, 40: 13–32.Google Scholar
Azaola, E. (2015) Diagnóstico de las y los adolescentes que cometen delitos graves en México. UNICEF – Mexico. www.unicef.org/mexico/spanish/Diagnostico_adolescentes_web.pdfGoogle Scholar
Azaola, E. (2017) Diagnóstico de las y los adolescentes que cometen delitos graves en México. www.unicef.org/mexico/spanish/Diagnostico_adolescentes_web.pdfGoogle Scholar
Azaola, E., & Bergman, M. (2009) Delincuencia, Marginalidad y Desempeño Institucional. Resultados de la Tercera encuesta de internos en reclusión de México. Mexico: CIDE.Google Scholar
Bailey, J. (2014) The Politics of Crime in Mexico: Democratic Governance in a Security Trap. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publisher.Google Scholar
Bagley, B. (2001) Drug trafficking, political violence and U.S. policy in Colombia in the 1990s. www.as.miami.edu/media/college-of-arts-and-sciences/content-assets/international-studies/documents/publications/Bagley%20Drugs%20and%20violence%20final3.pdfGoogle Scholar
Bankston, W. B., Thompson, C. Y., Jenkins, Q. A., & Forsyth, C. J. (1990) The influence of fear of crime, gender, and Southern culture on carrying firearms for protection, Sociological Quarterly, 31: 287–305.Google Scholar
Baracaldo, M. (2013) El sistema penitenciario y carcelario en Colombia: El concepto de alta seguridad en la justicia especializada, Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública, (3). www.lamjol.info/index.php/RPSP/article/view/1330/1157Google Scholar
Baron, S., & Hartnagel, T. (1997) Attributions, affect and doing crime: Street youths’ reactions to unemployment, Criminology, 35: 610–626CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baytelman, A., & Duce, M. (2003) Evaluación de la reforma procesal penal: estado de una reforma en marcha. Centro de Estudios de Justicia de las Américas [and] Facultad de Derecho, Universidad Diego Portales.Google Scholar
Baskin, D., & Sommers, I. (1998) Women’s Careers in Violent Crime. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bastos, F. I., Strathdee, S. A., Derrico, M., & Pina, M. D. F. (1999) Drug use and the spread of HIV/AIDS in South America and the Caribbean, Drugs Educat. Prevent. Policy. 6: 29–49Google Scholar
Baytelman, A., & Duce, M. (2003) Evaluación de la Reforma Procesal Penal: Estado de Una Reforma en Marcha. Santiago de Chile: CEJA.Google Scholar
Beato, C. (2012) Crimes e cidades. Belo Horizonte: UFMG.Google Scholar
Beato, C., & Zilli, L. (2012) A Estruturação de Atividades Criminosas, Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 27(80): 71–88.Google Scholar
Beccaria, C. (2000) Tratado del delito y de las penas. Mexico DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica (original in Italian, 1764).Google Scholar
Beccaria, C. (2009) On Crimes and Punishments and Other Writings. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Beck, A. J., & Blumstein, A. (2012) Trends in Incarceration Rates: 1980–2010. Paper prepared for the National Research Council Committee on the Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Becker, G. (1974) Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach, NBER 3625. www.nber.org/chapters/c3625.pdfGoogle Scholar
Bench, L. L., & Allen, T. D. (2003) Investigating the stigma of prison classification: An experimental design. The Prison Journal, 83(4): 367–382.Google Scholar
Bentham, J. (1781/1988) The Principles of Morals and Legislation. Amherst, NY: Prometheus books.Google Scholar
Bergman, M. (2016) Drogas, Narcotráfico y Poder en América Latina. Buenos Aires: FCE.Google Scholar
Bergman, M. (2018) More Money More Crime: Prosperity and Rising Crime in Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bergman, M., Amaya, L., Fondevila, G., & Vilalta, C. (2015) Reporte de Cárceles en El Salvador: Perfiles generales, contextos familiares, delitos, circunstancias del proceso penal, y condiciones de vida en la cárcel. San Salvador: UFG Editores.Google Scholar
Bergman, M., & Azaola, E. (2007) Cárceles en México: Cuadros de una crisis, Revista Latinoamericana de Seguridad Ciudadana. 1. http://revistas.flacsoandes.edu.ec/urvio/article/view/74–87/966Google Scholar
Bergman, M., Fondevila, G., Vilalta, C., & Azaola, E. (2014) Delito y Cárcel en México, deterioro social y desempeño institucional Reporte histórico de la población carcelaria en el Distrito Federal y el Estado de México, 2002 a 2013: Indicadores clave. www.casede.org/BibliotecaCasede/Reporte_Cu00E1rceles_CUARTA_ENCUESTA_2014.pdfGoogle Scholar
Bergman, M., Filho, J., Fondevila, G., & Vilalta, C. (2013) Crime, segurança pública e desempenho institucional em São Paulo. Relatório sobre unidades prisionais em São Paulo, Brasil: perfis gerais, contexto familiar, crimes, circunstâncias do processo penal e condições de vida na prisão. Fundación Getúlio Vargas y Universidad Nacional 3 de Febrero. www.fgv.br/dcm/mkt/mktg/2014/graduacao/presos_em_sp/imagens/version18.pdfGoogle Scholar
Bergman, M., & Kessler, G. (2008) Vulnerabilidad al delito y sentimiento de inseguridad en Buenos Aires: Determinantes y Consecuencias, Desarrollo Económico, 48(190/191): 209–234.Google Scholar
Bergman, M., Massello, D., & Arias, C. (2014) Delito, marginalidad y desempeño institucional en la Argentina: Resultados de la encuesta de presos condenados. Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos sobre Inseguridad y Violencia (CELIV). Universidad Nacional 3 de Febrero. http://celiv.untref.edu.ar/contenidos.htmlGoogle Scholar
Besci, Z. (1999) Economics and Crime in the States, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review First Quarter, 38–49.Google Scholar
Bierie, D. (2012) Is tougher better? The impact of physical prison conditions on inmate violence, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56(3): 338–355.Google Scholar
Binder, A. M. (2002) La reforma de la justicia penal: entre el corto y el largo plazo. Sistemas Judiciales, 2(3).Google Scholar
Binder, A. M. (2008) La Política Judicial de la democracia Argentina -vaivenes de la Reforma Judicial. URVIO, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, (3): 48–66.Google Scholar
Binder, A. M., & Obando, J. (2004) De las ‘Repúblicas aéreas’ al Estado de derecho. Debate sobre la marcha de la reforma judicial en América Latina. Buenos Aires: Ad-Hoc.Google Scholar
Biondi, C. (2010) Junto e Misturado: Uma Etnografia do Pcc. São Paulo: Terceiro Nome.Google Scholar
Biondi, K. (2016) Sharing This Walk: An Ethnography of Prison Life and the PCC in Brazil. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Bischoff, J. (2003) Reforming the criminal procedure system in Latin America, Texas Hispanic Journal of Law & Policy, 9(27): 37–40.Google Scholar
BJS (2014) Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 30 States in 2005: Patterns from 2005 to 2010 (NCJ 244205). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. www.bjs.gov/Google Scholar
Blevins, K., Johnson Listwan, S., Cullen, F., & Lero Jonson, Ch. (2010) A general strain theory of prison and misconduct: An integrated model of inmate behavior, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 26(2): 148–166.Google Scholar
Bloom, B. (1987) Families of Prisoners: A Valuable Resource. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Scientists, St. Louis, Missouri.Google Scholar
Bloom, B., Chesney, M., & Owen, B. (1994) Women in California Prisons: Hidden Victims of the War on Drugs. San Francisco: Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice.Google Scholar
Blumstein, A. (1995) Prisons. In Wilson, J. Q. & Petersilia, J. (eds.), Crime. San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies, 387–419.Google Scholar
Blumstein, A. (2005) Disaggregating the violence trend. In Blumstein, A. & Wallman, J. (eds.), The Crime Drop in America (Cambridge Studies in Criminology). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 13–44. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511616167.003Google Scholar
Blumstein, A., & Beck, A. J. (2005) Reentry as a transient state between liberty and recommitment. In Travis, J. & Visher, C. (eds.), Prisoner Reentry and Crime in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 50–79.Google Scholar
Blumstein, A., & Wallman, J., ed. (2006) Crime Drop in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bonner, M. (2018) Tough on Crime: The Rise of Punitive Populism in Latin America. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Borges, G., Medina-Mora, M.-E., Orozco, R., Fleiz, C., Cherpitel, C., & Breslau, J. (2009) The Mexican migration to the United States and substance use in northern Mexico, Addiction, 104: 603–611.Google Scholar
Bosworth, M., & Carrabine, E. (2001) Reassessing resistance: Race, gender and sexuality in prison, Punishment & Society 3(4): 501–515Google Scholar
Bottoms, A. (1995) The philosophy and politics of punishment and sentencing. In Clarkson, C. & Morgan, R. (eds.), The Politics of Sentencing Reform. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Bowden, M. (2001) Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World’s Greatest Outlaw. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar
Braga, A. (2012) Getting deterrence right? Evaluation evidence and complementary crime control mechanisms, Criminology and Public Policy 11(2): 201–201.Google Scholar
Braga, A., Hureau, A., David, M., & Papachristos, A. V. (2014) Deterring gang-involved gun violence: Measuring the impact of Boston’s Operation Ceasefire on street gang behavior, The Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 30: 113–139.Google Scholar
Breese, J. R., Rael, K., & Grant, G. K. (2000) No place like home: A qualitative investigation of social support and its effects on recidivism, Sociological Practice: A Journal of Clinical and Applied Research, 2(1): 1–21.Google Scholar
Briceño-León, R., Camardiel, A. & Ávila, O. (2012) La impunidad como causa de violencia homicida. In Briceño-León, R., Camardiel, A., & Ávila, O. (eds.), Violencia e Institucionalidad: Informe sobre el Observatorio Venezolano de la Violencia 2012. Caracas: Alfa, 129–148.Google Scholar
Bruneau, T., Dammert, L., & Skinner, E. (2011) Maras: Gang Violence and Security in Central America. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Bruno, M., Misuraca, M., & Monath, H. (2018) Las voces de las y los adolescentes privados de libertad en Argentina. www.unicef.org/argentina/sites/unicef.org.argentina/files/2018–11/PRO_LasVocesAPL_web.pdfGoogle Scholar
Buhai, S. (2009) Access to justice for unrepresented litigants: A comparative perspective, Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, 42: 979–1020.Google Scholar
Bulman, P., Garcia, M., & Hernon, J. (2012) Study Raises Questions about Psychological Effects of Solitary Confinement, NIJ Journal, 269, 4. www.nij.gov/journals/269/pages/solitary-confinement.aspxGoogle Scholar
Burzaco, E., & Berenstein, S. (2014) El Poder Narco: Drogas, e inseguridad y violencia en Argentina. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana.Google Scholar
Byrne, M., & Howells, K. (2002) The psychological needs of women prisoners: Implications for rehabilitation and management, Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 9(1): 34–43.Google Scholar
Byrne, J., & Hummer, D. (2008) Examining the Impact of Institutional Culture on Prison Violence and Disorder: An Evidence-Based Review. Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Byrne, J. M., Pattavina, A., & Taxman, F. S. (2015) International trends in prison upsizing and downsizing: In search of evidence of a global rehabilitation revolution, Victims & Offenders, 10(4): 420–451.Google Scholar
Cáceres, G. H. (2009) Fuerza de Tarea de Intelligencia Antipandillas. San Salvador: Dirección General de Centros Penales.Google Scholar
CAF (2014) Por una América Latina más segura: Una nueva perspectiva para prevenir y controlar el delito. https://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/167/reporte-economia-desarrollo-seguridad-control-delito?sequence=1&isAllowed=yGoogle Scholar
Caplow, T., & Simon, J. (1999) Understanding prison policy and population trends, Crime and Justice, 26: 63–120.Google Scholar
Cárdenas, A. (2012) Mujer y cárcel en Chile Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias sociales. UDP. Santiago. www.icso.cl/informes/mujer-y-carcel-en-chile/Google Scholar
Carranza, E. (2012) Situación penitenciaria en América Latina y el Caribe ¿Qué hacer?, Anuario de derechos Humanos, 8: 1–31. www.anuariocdh.uchile.clGoogle Scholar
Cavallaro, J. L. (2008). Looking backward to address the future: Transitional justice, rising crime, and nation-building. Maine Law Review, 60: 461.Google Scholar
Carvalho, L., & Soares, R. (2013) Living on the edge: Youth entry, career and exit in drug selling gangs. IZA Discussion Paper N 7189. Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor.Google Scholar
Cassell, P. G., & Hayman, B. S. (1996) Police interrogation in the 1990s: An empirical study of the effects of Miranda, UCLA Law Review, 43: 839–931Google Scholar
CELIV (2018) Contextos de encierro en América Latina: una lectura con perspectiva de género. Buenos Aires: CELIV. http://celiv.untref.edu.ar/descargas/contextos-de-encierro-de-america-latina.pdfGoogle Scholar
CELS (2011) Mujeres en prisión: Los alcances del castigo. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.Google Scholar
Centro de Estudios de las Américas -CEJA- (2003) Justicia y Gobernabilidad Democrática. Santiago de Chile: CEJA.Google Scholar
Centro de Estudios de las Américas -CEJA- (2010) Persecución de Delitos Complejos: Capacidades de los Sistemas Penales en América Latina. Santiago de Chile: CEJA-JSCAGoogle Scholar
Centro de Estudios de las Américas -CEJA- (2011) Prisión Preventiva y Reforma Procesal Penal en América Latina: Evaluación y Perspectivas. Santiago de Chile: CEJA.Google Scholar
CEPAL-ECLAC (2014) Observatorio Demográfico. Proyecciones de Población. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/39228/1/S1500643_mu.pdfGoogle Scholar
CEPAL-OIT (2016) Coyuntura laboral en América Latina y el Caribe: mejoras recientes y brechas persistentes en el empleo rural Boletín CEPAL-OIT. https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/40097Google Scholar
Champion, D.J. (2005) The American Dictionary of Criminal Justice: Key Terms and Major Court Cases. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing.Google Scholar
Cheliotis, L., & Sozzo, M. (2016) Introduction: Democratisation and punishment, Punishment and Society, 3: 263–267.Google Scholar
Christino, M., Bueri, D., Talarico, C., & Mourão Tieri, A. (2006) Inquérito Policial no. 050.06.057.864–5.Google Scholar
Chung, S. (2000) Prison overcrowding: Standards in determining Eighth Amendment violations, Fordham Law Review, 68, 2351–2400.Google Scholar
CIDH (2011) Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos INFORME SOBRE PERSONAS PRIVADAS DE LIBERTAD EN LAS AMRICAS. www.oas.org/es/cidh/ppl/docs/pdf/ppl2011esp.pdfGoogle Scholar
Clayton, O., & Carr, T. (1981) An empirical assessment of the effects of prison crowding upon recidivism utilizing aggregate level data, Journal of Criminal Justice, 15(3): 201–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clemmer, D. (1940) The Prison Community. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
CNDH (2016) Racionalización de la pena de prisión. Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos (México). www.cndh.org.mx/sites/default/files/doc/Informes/Especiales/Pronunciamiento_20160331.pdfGoogle Scholar
Cobb, A. (1985) Home truths about prison overcrowding, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 478(1): 73–85Google Scholar
Cohen, J., & Canela Cacho, J. (1994) Incarceration and Violent Crime 1965–1988. In Reiss, A. & Roth, J. (eds.), Understanding and Preventing Violence, Consequences and Control. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, vol. 4: 296–388Google Scholar
Cohen, M., Lupu, N., & Zechmesiter, E. (2017) The Political Culture of Democracy in the Americas 2016–17: A Comparative Study of Democracy and Government. Vanderbilt: USAID-LAPOP. www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/ab2016/AB2016-17_Comparative_Report_English_V2_FINAL_090117_W.pdfGoogle Scholar
Colvin, M. (1992) The Penitentiary in Crisis: From Accommodation to Riot in New Mexico. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (2017) Informe sobre el uso de la prisión preventiva en las Américas. www.oas.org/es/cidh/ppl/informes/pdfs/informe-pp-2013- es.pdfGoogle Scholar
Cook, P. J. (1986) Criminal incapacitation effects considered in an adaptative choice framework. In Cornish, D. & Clarke, R. (ed.), The Reasoning Criminal. New York: Springer, 202–213.Google Scholar
Copes, H., Hochtestler, A., & Sandberg, S. (2015) Using a narrative framework to understand the drugs and violence nexus, Criminal Justice Review, 40(1): 32–46.Google Scholar
Costa, D., & Kahn, M. (2007) Surviving Andersonville: The benefits of social networks in POW camps, American Economic Review, 97(4): 1467–1487.Google Scholar
Costa, G., & Romero, C. (2014) ¿Quiénes son delincuentes en el Perú y por qué? Factores de riesgo social y delito en perspectiva comparada en América Latina. Ciudad Nuestra. www.defensoria.gob.pe/blog/wp-content/dp_uploads/quienes-son-delincuentes-en-el-peru.pdfGoogle Scholar
Costelloe, M. T., Chiricos, T., & Gertz, M. (2009) Punitive attitudes towards criminals: Exploring the relevance of crime salience and economic insecurity, Punishment & Society, 11(1): 25–49.Google Scholar
Crime Trends Survey (CTS) The Seventh United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1998–2000). www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/Seventh-United-Nations-Survey-on-Crime-Trends-and-the-Operations-of-Criminal-Justice-Systems.htmlGoogle Scholar
Cruz, J. M. (2011) Criminal violence and democratization in Central America: The survival of the violent state. Latin American Politics and Society, 53(4): 1–33.Google Scholar
Cunningham, M. D. (2008) Institutional misconduct among capital murderers. In DeLisi, M. & Conis, P. J. (eds.), Violent Offenders: Theory, Research, Public Policy, and Practice. Boston: Bartlett, 237–253.Google Scholar
Cunningham, M., & Sorensen, J. (2007) Capital offenders in Texas prisons: Rates, correlates, and an actuarial analysis of violent misconduct, Law and Human Behaviour, 31: 553–571.Google Scholar
Cunningham, M. D., Sorensen, J. R., & Reidy, T. J. (2005) An actuarial model for assessment of prison violence risk among maximum security inmates. Assessment, 12(1): 40–49.Google Scholar
Dakolias, M. (1995) A stategy for judicial reform: The experience in Latin America, Virginia Journal of International Law, 36: 167–231.Google Scholar
Dammert, L. (2012) Fear of Crime in Latin America: Redefining state–society relations. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dammert, L., & Salazar, F. (2009) ¿Duros con el Delito? Populismo e Inseguridad en América Latina. Santiago de Chile: FLACSO (Chile).Google Scholar
Dammert, L., & Zuñiga, L. (2008) La cárcel: Problemas y Desafíos para las Américas. Santiago de Chile: FLACSO (Chile).Google Scholar
Darke, S., & Karam, M. (2016) Latin American prisons. In Jewkes, Y., Crewe, B., & Benett, J. (eds.), Handbook of Prisons. New York: Routledge, 460–474.Google Scholar
Davis, D., & Leo, R. (2014) The problem of police-induced false confession: Sources of failure in prevention and detection. In Morewitz, S. & Goldstein, M. L. (eds.), Handbook of Forensic Sociology and Psychology. New York: Springer, 47–75.Google Scholar
Davies, W., & Burguess, P. (1988) Prison officers’ experience as predictor of risk attack: An analysis within the British prison system, Medicine, Science and the Law, 28, 135–138.Google Scholar
Day, A., Casey, S., Ward, T., Howells, K., & Vess, J. (2010) Transitions to better lives: Offender readiness and rehabilitation. Cullompton: Willan Press.Google Scholar
Defensoría Penal Pública de Chile (2009) Informe Anual 2009. www.dpp.clGoogle Scholar
De la Torre, V., & Álvarez, A. M. (2011) Violencia: Estado de derecho y políticas punitivas en América Central, Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 19(37): 33–50.Google Scholar
DeLisi, M. (2009) Psychopathy is the unified theory of crime, Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 7(3): 256–273.Google Scholar
DeLisi, M., Berg, M. T., & Hochstetler, A. (2004 Gang members, career criminals and prison violence: Further specification of the importation model of inmate behavior, Criminal Justice Studies, 17(4): 369–383.Google Scholar
Del Olmo, R. (1998) The state of prisons and prisoners in four countries of the Andean Region. In Weiss, R. P. & South, N. (eds.), Comparing Prison Systems: Toward a Comparative. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, 115–139.Google Scholar
Denyer Willis, G. (2015) The Killing Consensus: Police, Organized Crime and the Regulation of Life and Death in Urban Brazil. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Dewey, M. (2015) El Orden Clandestino. Buenos Aires: Katz.Google Scholar
Dhami, M., Ayton, P., & Lowenstein, G. (2007) Adaptation to imprisonment: Indigenous or imported? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34: 1085–1100.Google Scholar
Dias, C., & Salla, F. (2013) Organized crime in Brazilian prisons: The example of the PCC, International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 2: 397–408.Google Scholar
DiIulio, J. J. (1987) Governing Prisons: A Comparative Study of Correctional Management. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Dills, A. K., Miron, J. A., & Summers, G. (2008) What Do Economists Know about Crime? Working Paper No. 13759. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Di Tella, R., & Schargrodsky, E. (2013) Criminal recidivism after prison and electronic monitoring, Journal of Political Economy, 121(1): 28–73Google Scholar
Donohue, J. J. (2007) Assessing the Relative Benefits of Incarceration: The Overall Change over the Previous Decades and the Benefits on the Margin. New Haven, CT: Yale University.Google Scholar
Drake, D., Darke, S., & Earle, R. (2014) Sociology of Prison Life. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ae16/d0f4cc0a8a7d82046c927aa64e736c4d8f04.pdfGoogle Scholar
Driessen, M., Schroeder, T., Widmann, B., von Schönfeld, C., & Schneider, F. (2006) Childhood trauma, psychiatric disorders, and criminal behavior in prisoners in Germany: A comparative study in incarcerated women and men, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(10): 1486–1492.Google Scholar
Drizin, S. A., & Leo, R. A. (2004) The problem of false confessions in the post-DNA world, North Carolina Law Review, 82: 891–1007.Google Scholar
Drury, A., & DeLisi, M. (2010) The past is prologue: Prior adjustment to prison and institutional misconduct, The Prison Journal, 90(3): 331–352.Google Scholar
Duce, M., & Riego, C. (2002) Introducción al nuevo sistema procesal penal. Santiago de Chile: Universidad Diego Portales.Google Scholar
Dudley, S. (2011) Central America besieged: Cartels and maras country threat analysis, Small Wars & Insurgencies, 22, 890–913.Google Scholar
Dudley, S. (2014) Criminal Evolution and Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean, InSight Crime. www.insightcrime.org/news/analysis/evolution-crime-violence -latin-america-caribbean/Google Scholar
Dudley, S., & Bargent, J. (2017) The Prison Dilema: Latin America’s Incubators of Organized Crime, InSight Crime. www.insightcrime.org/investigations/prison-dilemma-latin-america-incubators-organized-crime/Google Scholar
Dudley, S., & Martinez D´Aubuisson, J. (2017) El Salvador Prisons and the Battle for the MS13’s Soul, InSight Crime. www.insightcrime.org/investigations/el-salvador-prisons-battle-ms13-soul/Google Scholar
Edens, J. F., Kelley, S. E., Lilienfeld, S. O., Skeem, J. L., & Douglas, K. S. (2015) DSM-5 antisocial personality disorder: Predictive validity in a prison sample. Law and Human Behavior, 39(2): 123–129.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, I. (1996) Crime and the market for offenses, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(1): 43–67.Google Scholar
Eilbaum, L. (2004) La sospecha como fundamento de los procedimientos policiales, Cuadernos de antropología social, 20: 79–91.Google Scholar
Ekland-Olson, S., Barrick, D., & Cohen, L. (1983) Prison overcrowding and disciplinary problems: An analysis of the Texas prison system, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 19(2): 163–176.Google Scholar
Espinoza, O. (2016) Mujeres Privadas de su Libertad: ¿es posible su reinserción social? Caderno CRH Salvador, 29: 93–106.Google Scholar
Esquirol, J. (2008) The failed law of Latin America, American Journal of Comparative Law, 56(75): 106–124.Google Scholar
Eyzaguirre, H. (2000) Ataque a la violencia en Perú: reforma penal y policíaca. Asalto al desarrollo: Violencia en América Latina, 233–260.Google Scholar
Fagan, J., & Davies, G. (2000) Street stops and broken windows: Terry, race, and disorder in New York City. Fordham Urb. LJ, 28, 457.Google Scholar
Fajnzylber, F. (1983) La industrialización trunca de America Latina. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL. https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/43130Google Scholar
Farrington, D. P. (1986) Age and crime. In Tonry, M. & Morris, N. (eds.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, vol. 7: 189–250.Google Scholar
Feeley, M. (1983) Court Reform on Trial: Why Simple Solutions Fail. Nueva York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Ferreira, O. R., & Shirk, D. A., eds. (2013) La reforma al sistema de justicia penal en México. San Diego, CA: University Readers.Google Scholar
Finney, C. (1988) Family ties during imprisonment: Do they influence future criminal activity? Federal Probation, 52: 48–52Google Scholar
Foster, H. (2012) The strains of maternal imprisonment: Importation and deprivation stressors for women and children, Journal of Criminal Justice, 40: 221–229.Google Scholar
Franklin, T., Franklin, C., & Pratt, T. (2006) Examining the empirical relationship between prison crowding and inmate misconduct: A meta-analysis of conflicting research results, Journal of Criminal Justice, 34: 401–412.Google Scholar
Franklin, T. W. (2010) The intersection of defendants’ race, gender and age in prosecutorial decision making, Journal of Criminal Justice, 38: 185–192.Google Scholar
Freire, D. (2018) Evaluating the effect of homicide prevention strategies in São Paulo, Brazil: A synthetic control approach, Latin American Research Review, 53(2): 231–249.Google Scholar
Frost, N. (2010) Beyond public opinion polls: Punitive public sentiment & criminal justice policy, Sociology Compass, 4(3): 156–168.Google Scholar
Fuentes, A., ed. (1999) Reforma judicial en América Latina: una tarea inconclusa, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Corporación Excelencia en la Justicia.Google Scholar
Gabaldón, L. G. (2007) Seguridad ciudadana, confianza pública y policía en Venezuela, Revista Venezolana de Economía y Ciencias Sociales, 13(3): 87–98.Google Scholar
Gadon, L., Johnstone, L., & Cooke, D. (2006) Situational variables and institutional violence: A systematic review of the literature, Clinical Psychological Review, 26(5): 515–534.Google Scholar
Gaes, G., & Mcguire, W. (1985) Prison violence: The contribution of crowding versus other determinants of prison assault rates, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 22(1): 41–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaes, G., Wallace, S., Gilman, E., Klein-Saffran, J., & Suppa, S. (2002) The influence of prison gang affiliation on violence and other prison misconduct, The Prison Journal, 82(3): 359–385.Google Scholar
Gambetta, D. (1993) The Sicilian Maffia: The Business Protection. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Garay Salamanca, L. J. (2003) Estado Actual (I) de la Justicia Colombiana: Diagnóstico y Soluciones. Bogotá: Editorial Universidad Externado de Colombia.Google Scholar
Garland, D. (2001) The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Garland, D. (2012) Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Garland, D. (2013) Punishment and social solidarity. In Simon, J. & Sparks, R. (eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Punishment and Society. London: Sage, 23–39.Google Scholar
Gaviria, A., & Mejia, D., ed. (2016) Anti-Drug Policies in Colombia: Successes, Failures and Wrong Turns. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.Google Scholar
Gaviria, A., & Pagés, C. (2002) Patterns of crime victimization in Latin American cities, Journal of Development Economics, 67(1): 181–203.Google Scholar
Geraffi, G., & Wyman, D.L. (2004) Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gilbert, D. T., & Malone, P. S. (1995) The correspondence bias, Psychological Bulletin, 117: 21–38.Google Scholar
Glaze, L. E., & Bonczar, T. (2010) Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children. Number NCJ 222984. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.Google Scholar
Global Study on Homicide (2013) Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).Google Scholar
Goertzel, T., & Kahn, T. (2009) The Great São Paulo Homicide Drop, Homicide Studies, 13(4): 398–410.Google Scholar
Goodstein, L., & Wright, K. N. (1989) Inmate Adjustment to Prison. In Goodstein, L. & MacKenzie, D. L. (eds.), The American Prison: Law, Society and Policy, vol 4. Boston: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5652-3_12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, P. (1985) The drugs/violence nexus: A tripartite conceptual framework, Journal of Drug Issues 15(4): 493–506.Google Scholar
Gonçalves, L., Gonçalves, R., Martins, C., & Dirkzwager, A. (2014) Predicting infractions and health care utilization in prison: A meta-analysis, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41(8): 921–942.Google Scholar
Gonzalez Salas, R. (2001) Las reformas al código penal de los últimos cinco años en México. www.bibliojuridica.org/libros/1/131/6.pdfGoogle Scholar
Greer, K. (2000) The changing nature of interpersonal relationships in a women ’s prison, The Prison Journal, 80(4): 442–468.Google Scholar
Griffin, M. (2007) Prison gang policy and recidivism: Short-term management benefits, long-term consequences. Criminology & Pub. Pol’y, 6: 223.Google Scholar
Griffin, M., & Hepburn, J. (2006) The effect of gang affiliation on violent misconduct among inmates during the early years of confinement, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33(4): 419–466.Google Scholar
Grillo, I. (2012) El Narco: Inside Mexico’s Criminal Insurgency. New York: Bloomsbury Press.Google Scholar
Gual, R., & Andersen, J. M. (2010) Golpes, agresiones y tortura en las cárceles federales. Una aproximación a la violencia institucionalizada en el SPF. http://conti.derhuman.jus.gov.ar/2010/10/mesa-12/gual_andersen_mesa_12.pdfGoogle Scholar
Gudjonsson, G. H. (2002) Unreliable confessions and miscarriages of justice in Britain, International Journal of Police Science and Management, 4: 332–343.Google Scholar
Guerrero, E. G., Villatoro, J. A., Kong, Y., Gamino, M. B., Vega, W. A., & Mora, M. E. M. (2014) Mexicans’ use of illicit drugs in an era of drug reform: National comparative analysis by migrant status, International Journal of Drug Policy, 25(3): 451–457.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez Rivera, L. (2012) Geographies of violence and exclusion: Imprisoned gangs (maras) in Honduras, Latin American Research Review, 47(2): 167–179.Google Scholar
Guy, R. (2009) Cleaning up after the mess: The individual-community nexus in correctional rehabilitation, Journal of Applied Social Science, 3(2): 10–23.Google Scholar
Hairston, C. F. (2002) The importance of families in prisoners’ community reentry, The ICCA Journal on Community Corrections, April: 11–14.Google Scholar
Hall, J. S. (1999) Guided to injustice: The effect of the sentencing guidelines on indigent defendants and public defense. Am. Crim. L. Rev., 36: 1331.Google Scholar
Hammergren, L. (1997) The Politics of Justice and Justice Reform in Latin America. Boulder: Westview.Google Scholar
Hammergren, L. (2008) Twenty-five years of Latin American judicial reforms: Achievements, disappointments, and emerging issues. Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy & International Relations, 9, 89.Google Scholar
Hammersvik, E. (2014) Four barriers and a set of values that prevent violence among cannabis growers, International Journal of Drug Policy, 26 (3): 290–295.Google Scholar
Haney, C. (2006) The wages of prison overcrowding: Harmful psychological consequences and dysfunctional correctional reactions, Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 22, 265–293.Google Scholar
Harding, D., Morenoff, J., & Herbert, C. (2013) Home is hard to find: Neighborhoods, institutions, and the residential trajectories of returning prisoners, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 647: 214–236.Google Scholar
Harding, D., Morenoff, J., Nguyen, A., & Bushway, S. (2017) Short- and long-term effects of imprisonment on future felony convictions and prison admissions. PNAS, 114 (42): 11103–11108. www.pnas.org/content/114/42/11103Google Scholar
Hathazy, P., & Müller, M. M. (2016) The rebirth of the prison in Latin America: Determinants, regimes and social effects, Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(3): 113–135.Google Scholar
Heidensohn, F. (1989) Gender and crime. In F. Heidensohn (ed.), Crime and Society. Sociology for a Changing World. London: Palgrave, 85–111.Google Scholar
Henderson, D. (1998) Drug abuse and incarcerated women: A research review, Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 15(6): 579–587.Google Scholar
Hernández, A. (2011) Legislación de drogas y situación carcelaria en México. Washington, DC: Washington Office for Latin America. www.wola.org/sites/default/files/downloadable/Drug%20Policy/2011/Spanish/Sistemas_Sobrecargados-mexico-3.pdfGoogle Scholar
Hernandez, A. (2014) Narcoland: The Mexican Drug Lords and Their Godfathers. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Hochstetler, A., & DeLisi, M. (2005) Importation, deprivation, and varieties of serving time: An integrated-lifestyle-exposure model of prison offending, Journal of Criminal Justice, 33: 257–266.Google Scholar
Hollin, C., & Palmer, E. (2006) Criminogenic need and women offenders: A critique of the literature, Legal and Criminological Psychology, 11: 179–195.Google Scholar
Holt, N., & Miller, D. (1972) Explorations in Inmate-Family Relationships. Research report / Research Division, California Department of Corrections; no. 46.Google Scholar
Hope, A. (2013) Violencia 2007–2011: La Tormenta Perfecta. Nexos (November).Google Scholar
Huang, K. C., Chen, K. P., & Lin, C. C. (2010) Does the type of criminal defense counsel affect case outcomes?: A natural experiment in Taiwan. International Review of Law and Economics, 30(2): 113–127.Google Scholar
Huebner, B. (2003) Administrative determinants of inmate violence: A multilevel analysis, Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(2): 107–117Google Scholar
Huey, M. & McNulty, T. (2005) Institutional conditions and prison suicide: Conditional effects of deprivation and overcrowding, The Prison Journal, 85(4): 490–514.Google Scholar
ICPS (2015) International Center for Prison Studies. www.prisonstudies.org/world Prison Briefs.Google Scholar
Inbau, F. E., Reid, J. E., Buckley, J. P., & Jayne, B. C. (2001) Criminal Interrogation and Confessions. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.Google Scholar
Inchaurraga, S. (2003) Drug use, harm reduction, and health policies in Argentina: obstacles and new perspectives, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 37: 366–371.Google Scholar
INEGI (2004) Cuadernos de estadísticas judiciales en materia penal #12. www.inegi.org.mx/programas/judicialespenal/Google Scholar
INEGI (2014) Encuesta Nacional de Victimización de Empresas (ENVE). www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/encuestas/establecimientos/otras/enve/2014/default.aspxGoogle Scholar
INEGI (2015) www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/justicia/Google Scholar
INEGI (2017) Estadísticas sobre el sistema penitenciario estatal en México. www.cdeunodc.inegi.org.mx/unodc/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/en_numeros2.pdfGoogle Scholar
Insight Crime (2016) Tregua entre pandillas en El Salvador. https://es.insightcrime.org/investigaciones/tregua-entre-pandillas-en-el-salvador/Google Scholar
Insight Crime (2017) Where Chaos Reigns: Inside the San Pedro Sula Prison. www.insightcrime.org/investigations/where-chaos-reigns-inside-the-san-pedro-sula-prison/Google Scholar
Irarrázabal González, P. (2015) Igualdad en las calles en Chile: el caso del control de identidad, Política criminal, 10(19): 234–265.Google Scholar
Irwin, J. (1980) Prisons in Turmoil. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.Google Scholar
Irwin, J., & Austin, J. (1997) It’s about Time: America’s Imprisonment Binge. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Irwin, J., & Cressey, D. R. (1962) Thieves, convicts and the inmate culture, Social Problems, 10(2): 142–155.Google Scholar
Iturralde, M. (2010) Democracies without citizenship: Crime and punishment in Latin America, New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal, 13(2): 309–332.Google Scholar
Jacques, S. (2009) The necessary conditions for retaliation: Toward a theory of nonviolent and violent forms in drug markets, Justice Quarterly, 27(2): 186–205.Google Scholar
Johnson, R., & Raphael, S. (2012) How much crime reduction does the marginal prisoner buy? Journal of Law and Economics, 55(2): 275–310.Google Scholar
Jones, G., & Rodgers, D., ed. (2009) Youth Violence in Latin America: Gangs and Juvenile Justice in Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Jütersonke, O., Muggah, R., & Rodgers, D. (2009) Gangs, urban violence, and security interventions in Central America, Security Dialogue, 40(4–5): 373–397.Google Scholar
Kassin, S., & Wrightsman, L. (1985) Confession evidence. In Kassin, S & Wrightsman, L. (eds.), The Psychology of Evidence and Trial Procedure. Beverly: Sage, 67–94.Google Scholar
Kassin, S. M., Drizin, S. A., Grisso, T., Gudjonsson, G. H., Leo, R.A., & Redlich, A. D. (2010) Police-induced confessions: Risk factors, and recommendations, Law and Human Behavior, 34(1): 3–38.Google Scholar
Kellermann, A., Rivara, F., Lee, R., et al. (1996) Injuries due to firearms in three cities, The New England Journal of Medicine 335: 1438–1444.Google Scholar
Kessler, G. (2004) Sociología del Delito Amateur. Buenos Aires: Paidós.Google Scholar
Kessler, G. (2009) El sentimiento de inseguridad: sociología del temor al delito. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.Google Scholar
Klein, S. R., Bartholomew, G. S., & Hibbert, J. (2002) Inmate family functioning, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 46(1): 95–111.Google Scholar
Koonings, K., & Krujit, D., ed. (2007) Fractured Cities: Social Exclusion, Urban Violence and Contested Spaces in Latin America. London: Zed books.Google Scholar
Kostenwein, E. (2018) Decidir rápido, condenar pronto. El proceso de flagrancia desde la sociología de la justicia penal, Estudios Socio-Jurídicos, 20(1): 13–44Google Scholar
Kratcoski, P. (1988) The implications of research explaining prison violence and disruption, Federal Probation, 52: 27–32.Google Scholar
Kunselman, J., Tewksbury, R., Dumond, R., & Dumond, D. (2002) Nonconsensual sexual Behavior. In Hensley, C. (ed.), Prison Sex: Practice and Policy. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 27–48.Google Scholar
Kushner, H. (1985) Women and suicide in historical perspective, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 10 (3): 537–555Google Scholar
La cárcel en México: Para qué? (2012) México: México Evalúa, Centro de Análisis de Políticas Públicas.Google Scholar
Lahm, K. (2008) Inmate-on-inmate assault: A multilevel examination of prison violence, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35(1): 120–137.Google Scholar
Lapop (2012) America’s Barometer. www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/ab2012.phpGoogle Scholar
Laub, J. H., & Sampson, R. J. (2003) Shared Beginnings, Divergent Lives: Delinquent Boys to Age 70. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Leo, R. A. (1992) From coercion to deception: The changing nature of police interrogation in America, Crime, Law, and Social Change: An International Journal, 18: 35–59.Google Scholar
Leo, R. A. (2008) Police Interrogation and American Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Leo, R. A., & Ofshe, R. J. (1998) The consequences of false confessions: Deprivations of liberty and miscarriages of justice in the age of psychological interrogation, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 88: 429–296.Google Scholar
Lessing, B. (2014) How to Build a Criminal Empire from Behind Bars: Prison Gangs and Projection of Power. http://conference.iza.org/conference_files/riskonomics2014/lessing_b9947.pdfGoogle Scholar
Lessing, B. (2015) Counterproductive Punishment: How Prison Gangs Undermine State Authority. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2644812Google Scholar
Lessing, B. (2017) Making Peace in Drug Wars: Crackdowns and Cartels in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lessing, B., & Willis, G. D. (2019) Legitimacy in criminal governance: Managing a drug empire from behind bars. American Political Science Review, 113(2): 584–606.Google Scholar
Lester, D. (1990) Overcrowding in prison and suicide and homicide rates, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71(1): 274–278.Google Scholar
Levitt, S. (1996) The effect of prison population size on crime rates: Evidence from prison overcrowding legislation, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111: 319–352.Google Scholar
Levy, M. K. (2013) Judicial attention as a scarce resource: A preliminary defense of how judges allocate time across cases in the federal courts of appeals. Geo. Wash. L. Rev., 81: 401.Google Scholar
Lewin, A. Y., Morey, R. C., & Cook, T. J. (1982) Evaluating the administrative efficiency of courts, Omega, 10(4): 401–411.Google Scholar
Liebling, A. (2000) Prison officers, policing and the use of discretion, Theoretical Criminology, 4(3): 333–357.Google Scholar
Liebling, A., & Arnold, H. (2005) Prisons and Their Moral Performance: A Study of Values, Quality, and Prison Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Londoño, J. L., & Guerrero, R. (2000) Violencia en América Latina: Epidemiología y Costos. In Londoño, J. L., Gaviria, A., & Guerrero, R. (eds.), Asalto al Desarrollo: Violencia en América Latina. Washington: IADB, 11–57.Google Scholar
Lynch, J., & Sabol, W. (2000) Prison use and social control, Criminal Justice, 3: 7–44Google Scholar
Lyons, W., & Scheingold, S. (2000) The politics of crime and punishment, In LaFree, G. (ed.), The Nature of Crime: Continuity and Change. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, 103–149.Google Scholar
Macaulay, F. (2006) Política carcerária e prisões. In Paula, L. de & de Lima, R. S. (eds.), Segurança pública e violência. São Paulo: Contexto, 15–29.Google Scholar
Macaulay, F. (2007) Knowledge production, framing and criminal justice reform in Latin America, Journal of Latin American Studies, 39(3): 627–651.Google Scholar
Macaulay, F. (2013) Modes of prison administration, control and governmentality in Latin America: Adoption, adaptation and hybridity, Conflict, Security and Development, 13(4): 361–392.Google Scholar
MacCoun, R., & Martin, K.D. (2009) Drugs. In Tonry, M. (ed.), Handbook on Crime and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 501–523.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, D. L. (2006) What Works in Corrections? Reducing the Criminal Activities of Offenders and Delinquents. New York: Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Magaloni, A. L. (2007) Ineficacia y arbitrariedad en la procuración de justicia: dos caras de la misma moneda. Documento de Trabajo. México: CIDE, 26: 10–13.Google Scholar
Mariner, J., & Cavallaro, J. (1998) Behind Bars in Brazil. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Marvell, T. B., & Moody, C.E. (1994) Prison population growth and crime reduction, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10(2): 109–140.Google Scholar
Martinson, R. (1974) What works? – Questions and answers about prison reform, The Public Interest, 35: 22–54.Google Scholar
McCarthy, C., Rodriguez, A. P., Buendia, E., et al. (1997) Danger in the safety zone: Notes on race, resentment, and the discourse of crime, violence and suburban security, Cultural Studies, 11(2): 274–295.Google Scholar
McCorkle, R., Miethe, T., & Drass, K. (1995) Roots of prison violence: A test of the deprivation, management, and not-so-total institution models, Crime and Delinquency, 41(3): 317–331.Google Scholar
McNeill, F. (2009) What Works and What’s Just? European Journal of Probation, 1(1): 21–40.Google Scholar
Mitchell, M. (2014) The Rise in State Prison Populations. Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. www.cbpp.org/blog/the-rise-in-state-prison-populationsGoogle Scholar
Moffitt, T.E. (2006) A review of research on the taxonomy of life-course persistent versus adolescence-limited antisocial behavior. In Cullen, F., Wright, J., & Blevins, Ch (eds.), Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory. New York: Routledge, 277–312.Google Scholar
Moore, J. (1996) Bearing the burden: How incarceration weakens inner-city communities. In The Unintended Consequences of Incarceration. New York: Vera Institute of Justice, 67–90.Google Scholar
Morris, R, Longmire, D., Buffington-Vollum, J., & Vollum, S. (2010) Institutional misconduct and differential parole eligibility among capital inmates, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(4): 417–438.Google Scholar
Müller, M. M. (2012) The rise of the penal state in Latin America, Contemporary Justice Review, 15(1): 57–76.Google Scholar
Nacci, P. L., Teitelbaum, H. E., & Prather, J. (1977) Population density and inmate misconduct rates in the federal prison system, Federal Probation, 41(2): 26–31.Google Scholar
Nagin, D. (1998) Criminal deterrence research at the outset of the twenty-first century, In Tonry, M. (ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 23. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1–42.Google Scholar
Nagin, D. (2013) Deterrence in the 21st Century: A Review of the Evidence. In Tonry, Michael (ed.), Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Nagin, D. S., Cullen, F. T., & Jonson, C. L. (2009) Imprisonment and reoffending. In Tonry, M. (ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 38: 115–200.Google Scholar
Neuschatz, J. S., Lawson, D. S., & Swanner, J. K. (2008) The effects of accomplice witnesses and jailhouse informants on jury decision making, Law and Human Behavior, 32: 137–149.Google Scholar
Nunes Dias, C., & Salla, F. (2013) Organized crime in Brazilian prisons: The example of the PCC, International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 2: 397–408.Google Scholar
OAS (2012) Report on Citizen Security in the Americas: Official Statistical Information on Citizen Security provided by the OAS Member States. Washington DC: Organization of American States. www.oas.org/dsp/alertamerica/Report/Alertamerica2012.pdfGoogle Scholar
OAS (2017) Report on Measures Aimed at Reducing the Use of Pretrial Detention in the Americas. Inter-American Commission of Human Rights. https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/PretrialDetention.pdfGoogle Scholar
OAS (2019) Report on Drug Use in the Americas 2019. http://cicad.oas.org/Main/ssMain/E-report_ENG_2019/mobile/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
Ofshe, R. J., & Leo, R. A. (1997) The decision to confess falsely: Rational choice and irrational action, Denver University Law Review, 74: 979–1122.Google Scholar
Olaeta, H. and Nuñez, J. (2017) Sobre continuidades y rupturas en la estadística penitenciaria argentina. Un ejercicio comparativo de los Censos Carcelarios Nacionales de 1906 y 2006. Documentos de Trabajo CELIV 1, http://celiv.untref.edu.ar/descargas/Olaeta&NunezDocumentodetrabajocompleto.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ortega, D., Sanguinetti, P., Berniell, L., et al. (2014) Por una América Latina más segura: una nueva perspectiva para prevenir y controlar el delito. Reporte de Economía y Desarrollo, 2014.Google Scholar
Ostrom, E. (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Overprisiones (2018) (Observatorio Venezolano de Prisiones) Informe Anual 2018. http://oveprisiones.com/informes/Google Scholar
Owen, B., & Bloom, B. (1995) Profiling women prisoners: Findings from national surveys and a California sample, The Prison Journal 75(2): 165–185.Google Scholar
Paes Manso, B., & Nunes Dias, C. (2018) A guerra: A ascensão do pcc e o mundo do crime no BRASIL. Sao Paulo: Editora Todavia.Google Scholar
Paixão, A. L. (1987) Recuperar ou punir?: como o Estado trata o criminoso. São Paulo: Cortez Editora.Google Scholar
Pásara, L. (2003) Cómo sentencian los jueces del D.F. en materia penal. México: CIDE.Google Scholar
Pásara, L. (2014) Una reforma imposible. La justicia latinoamericana en el banquillo. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Católica del Perú.Google Scholar
Paternoster, R. (2010) How much do we really know about criminal deterrence, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 100(3): 765–823.Google Scholar
Paternoster, R., & Bushway, S. (2009) Desistance and the feared self: Toward an Identity theory of criminal desistance, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 99 (4): 1103–1156.Google Scholar
Pérez, O. J. (2013) Gang violence and insecurity in contemporary Central America, Bulletin of Latin American Research, 32(s1): 217–234.Google Scholar
Perez Correa, C. (2012) (Des) proporcionalidad y delitos contra la salud en México. México: Documento de Trabajo CIDE #59Google Scholar
Pérez Liñan, A., Ames, B., & Seligson, M. (2006) Strategy, careers, and judicial decisions: Lessons from the Bolivian courts, Journal of Politics, 68(2): 284–295Google Scholar
Petersilia, J. (2003) When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Petersilia, J. (2010) A retrospective view of corrections reform in the Schwarzenegger administration, Federal Sentencing Reporter, 22(3): 148–153.Google Scholar
Petersilia, J. (2014) California prison downsizing and its impact on local criminal justice systems, Harvard Law & Policy Review, 8: 327–335.Google Scholar
Pettit, B., and Western, B. (2004) Mass imprisonment and the life course: Race and class inequality in US incarceration, American Sociological Review, 69: 151–69Google Scholar
Phelps, M. (2011) Rehabilitation in the punitive era: The gap between rhetoric and reality in U.S. prison programs, Law & Society Review, 45(1): 35–68.Google Scholar
Pierce, J. (2018) Making the Mandela rules: Evidence, expertise, and politics in the development of soft law international prison standards, Queen’s Law Journal, 43(2): 263–296.Google Scholar
Piquero, A. (2000) Frequency, specialization, and violence in offending careers, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 37(4): 392–418.Google Scholar
Pogarsky, G., Piquero, A., & Paternoster, R. (2004) Modeling change in perceptions about sanction threats: The neglected linkage in deterrence theory, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 20: 343–369.Google Scholar
Pontón, J. (2014) Cárceles del Ecuador: los efectos de la criminalización por drogas, URVIO – Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, 1(1): 55–73.Google Scholar
Prenzler, T. (2009) Police corruption: Preventing misconduct and maintaining integrity. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Presser, B. (2001) Public policy, police interest: A re-evaluation of the judicial discretion to exclude improperly or illegally obtained evidence. Melbourne University Law Review, 25, 757.Google Scholar
Prisons in Latin America: A journey into hell (2012) The Economist. www.economist.com/node/21563288Google Scholar
Propuesta para reforma al sistema de medidas alternativas a la privación de libertad (2001) http://cejamericas.x–red.comGoogle Scholar
Punch, M. (2009) Police corruption: Deviance, accountability and reform in policing. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ransford, Ch. R., Decker, B., Cruz, G., Sánchez, F., & Slutkin, G. (2017) The cure violence model: Violence reduction in San Pedro Sula (Honduras), Revista CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals, 116: 179–204. www.cidob.org/es/articulos/revista_cidob_d_afers_internacionals/116/el_modelo_cure_violence_reduccion_de_la_violencia_en_san_pedro_sula_hondurasGoogle Scholar
Raphael, S. (2014) How do we reduce incarceration rates while maintaining public safety? Criminology & Public Policy, 13(4): 579–597.Google Scholar
Reisig, M. D. (2002) Administrative control and inmate homicide, Homicide Studies, 6(1): 84–103.Google Scholar
Report IACHR (2017) Report on Measures Aimed at Reducing the Use of Pretrial Detention in the Americas. Washington, DC: Inter-American Commission of Human Rights.Google Scholar
Report on the Human Rights of Persons Deprived of Liberty on the Americas – RHRPDLA (2011) Washington: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.Google Scholar
Restrepo, E., & Cuéllar, M. (2004) Impunidad penal: mitos y realidades. Bogotá: Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico.Google Scholar
Reuter, P. (2013) Why has U.S. drug policy changed so little over 30 years? In Tonry, M., ed., Crime and Justice in America, 1975–2025. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 42: 75–140.Google Scholar
Reuters (2009, Feb. 13) San Diego street gang members charged with racketeering conspiracy, firearms offenses. www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS288714+13-Feb-009+PRN20090213Google Scholar
Rhine, E., & Paparozzi, M. (1999) Reinventing probation and parole: A matter of consequence, Corrections Management Quarterly, 3(2):47–52.Google Scholar
Richard, G. P. (2006) Evaluación y proyección nacional de la Reforma Procesal Penal, Política Criminal: Revista Electrónica Semestral de Políticas Públicas en Materias Penales, 2: 5–8.Google Scholar
Riego, C. R. (2007) Nuevas tendencias de las reformas procesales penales en América Latina. In Reformas procesales penales en América Latina: Resultados del Proyecto de Seguimiento, IV etapa. Santiago de Chile: CEJA, 11–31.Google Scholar
Roberts, J. V., & Hough, M. (2002) Public attitudes to punishment: The context. In Roberts, J. V., Hough, M. (eds.), Changing Attitudes to Punishment: Public Opinion, Crime, and Justice. Portland: Willan Publishing, 1–14Google Scholar
Roberts, J. V., Stalans, L. J., Indermauer, D., & Hough, M. (2003) Penal Populism and Public Opinion: Lessons from Five Countries. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rosales, E. (2001) Sistema penal y relegitimación procesal. In Briceño-León, R (ed.), Violencia, sociedad y justicia en América Latina. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 289–311.Google Scholar
Saelinger, D. (2006) Nowhere to go: The impacts of city ordinances criminalizing homelessness, Geo. J. on Poverty L. & Pol’y, 13: 545.Google Scholar
Safranoff, A., & Tiravassi, A. (2018) Incarcerated Women in Latin America: Characteristics and Risk Factors Associated with Criminal Behavior. IADB Washington. https://publications.iadb.org/en/incarcerated-women-latin-america-characteristics-and-risk-factors-associated-criminal-behaviorGoogle Scholar
Sain, M. (2008) El leviatán azul. Policía y política en la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.Google Scholar
Salinero Echeverría, S. (2012) ¿Por qué aumenta la población penal en Chile ? Un estudio criminológico longitudinal, Revista Ius et Praxis, 18(1): 113–150Google Scholar
Salla, F., Rodriguez Ballesteros, P., Espinoza, O., Martínez, F., Litvachky, P., & Museri, A. (2009) Democracy, Human Rights and Prison Conditions in South America. Center for the Study of Violence University of São Paulo NEV/USP São Paulo. www.nevusp.org/downloads/down249.pdfGoogle Scholar
Salvatore, R., and &, C. (1996) The Birth of the Penitentiary in Latin America: Essays in Criminology, Prison Reform, and Social Control, 1830–1940. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Sampson, R. J. (2006) Collective efficacy theory: Lessons learned and directions for future inquiry. In Cullen, F. T., Wright, J. P., & Blevins, K. R. (eds.), Taking stock: The Status of Criminological Theory (Advances in Criminological Theory). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 15: 149–167.Google Scholar
Sampson, R., & Laub, J. (1997) A life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage and the stability of delinquency. In Thornberry, T. P. (ed.), Developmental Theories of Crime and Delinquency. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar
Sampson, R., & Loeffler, Ch. (2010) Punishment’s place: The local concentration of mass incarceration, Daedalus, 139(3): 20–31.Google Scholar
Sánchez, C. M., & Piñol Arriagada, D. (2015) Condiciones de Vida en los Centros de Privación de Libertad en Chile. www.cesc.uchile.cl/docs/CESC_condiciones_centros_privacion.pdfGoogle Scholar
Santos, M. G. (2007) Inside: Life behind Bars in America. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin.Google Scholar
Sartre, J. P (1972) Le mur. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Schenk, A. M., & Fremouw, W. J. (2012) Individual characteristics related to prison violence: A critical review of the literature, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(5): 430–442.Google Scholar
Seiter, R. P., & Kadela, K. R. (2003) Prisoner reentry: What works, what does not, and what is promising, Crime & Delinquency, 49(3): 360–388.Google Scholar
Shapira, R., & Navon, D. (1985) Staff-inmates cooperation in Israeli prisons: Toward a non-functionalistic theory of total institutions, International Review of Modern Sociology, 15(1/2): 131–146.Google Scholar
Shavell, S. (1987) A model of optimal incapacitation, The American Economic Review, 77(2): 107–110.Google Scholar
Shirk, D. A. (2011) Criminal justice reform in Mexico: An overview, Mexican Law Review, 3(2).Google Scholar
Silva, K., & López, M. (2018) Resistir la campaña del castigo, Animal Político. www.animalpolitico.com/lo-que-mexico-evalua/resistir-la-campana-del-castigo/Google Scholar
Simon, J. (2007) Governing through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Simon, T., Perkins, J., & Mercy, C. (2001) Injuries from Violent Crime, 1992–98. Washington: Bureau of Justice Statistics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Google Scholar
Skarbek, D. (2011) Governance and Prison Gangs, American Political Science Review, 105(4): 702–716.Google Scholar
Skarbek, D. (2012) Prison gangs, norms, and organizations, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 82, 96–109.Google Scholar
Skarbek, D. (2014) The Social Order of the Underworld: How Prison Gangs Govern the American Penal System. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Skarbek, D. (2016) Covenants without the sword? Comparing prison self-governance globally, American Political Science Review, 110(4): 845_862.Google Scholar
Smulovitz, C. (2012) Public Defense and Access to Justice in a Federal Context. Who gets what, and how in the Argentinean provinces? 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.Google Scholar
SNEEP (2014) www.jus.gob.ar/media/3087042/informe_sneep_spf_2014.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sorbello, L., Eccleston, L., Ward, T., & Jones, R. (2002) Treatment needs of female offenders: A review, Australian Psychologist 37(3): 98–205.Google Scholar
Sorensen, J., & Cunningham, M. D. (2010). Conviction offense and prison violence: A comparative study of murderers and other offenders, Crime & Delinquency, 56(1): 103–125.Google Scholar
Sozzo, M. (2009) Populismo punitivo, Proyecto normalizador y prisión-depósito en Argentina, Sistema Penal & Violencia, 1, 33–65.Google Scholar
Sozzo, M., ed. (2016a) Postneoliberalismo y penalidad en América del Sur. Buenos Aires: ClACSO. http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/clacso/gt/20160404115404/Postneoliberalismo_penalidad.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sozzo, M. (2016b) Postneoliberalismo y penalidad en Argentina (2003–2014). In Sozzo, M. (ed.), Postneoliberalismo y penalidad en América del Sur. Buenos Aires: ClACSO. http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/clacso/gt/20160404115404/Postneoliberalismo_penalidad.pdfGoogle Scholar
SPACE (2016) Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics: Prison populations. Survey 2016. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. http://wp.unil.ch/space/space-i/annual-reports/Google Scholar
Spohn, C., & Holleran, D. (2000) The imprisonment penalty paid by young, unemployed black and hispanic male offenders, Criminology, 38: 281–306.Google Scholar
Steiner, B., Butler, D., & Ellison, J. (2014) Causes and correlates of prison inmate misconduct: A systematic review of the evidence, Journal of Criminal Justice, 42(6): 462–470Google Scholar
Steffensmeier, D. & Allan, E. (1996) Gender and crime: Toward a gendered theory of female offending, Annual Review of Sociology, 22: 459–487.Google Scholar
Steffensmeier, D., & Ulmer, J. (2005) Confessions of a Dying Thief. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine/Transaction.Google Scholar
Stewart, J. I. (2009) Cooperation when N is large: Evidence from the mining camps of the American Wes, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 69(3): 213–225.Google Scholar
Stokes, S. (2001) Mandates and Democracy: Neoliberalism by Surprise in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Struckman-Johnson, C., & Struckman-Johnson, D. (2006) A comparison of sexual coercion experiences reported by men and women in prison, Journal of Interpersonal Violence 21(12): 1591–1615.Google Scholar
Struckman-Johnson, C., Struckman-Johnson, D., Rucker, L., Bumby, K., & Donaldson, S. (1996) Sexual coercion reported by men and women in prison, Journal of Sex Research, 33(1): 67–76.Google Scholar
Sudnow, D. (1965) Normal crimes: Sociological features of the penal code In a public defender office, Social Problems, 12(3): 255–276.Google Scholar
Sullivan, J. (2008) Pandillas transnacionales. El impacto de las pandillas de tercera generación en América Central, Air & Space Power Journal. www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/apjinternational/apj-s/2008/2tri08/sullivan.htmGoogle Scholar
Sykes, G. M. (1958) The Society of Captives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tartaro, C. (2002) The impact of density on jail violence, Journal of Criminal Justice 30(6): 499–510.Google Scholar
Taylor-Thomson, K. (1999) Empty votes in jury deliberations, Harvard Law Review, 113(6): 1261–1320.Google Scholar
Taylor, A. P. (2007) How Drug Dealers Settle Disputes: Violent and Nonviolent Outcomes. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.Google Scholar
Toch, H. (2007) Sequestering gang members, burning witches, and subverting due Process, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34: 274–288.Google Scholar
Tokatlian, J., ed. (2010) Drogas y Prohibición. Una vieja guerra, un nuevo debate. Buenos Aires: Libros del Zorzal.Google Scholar
Tokatlian, J. (2017) Que Hacer con las Drogas. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.Google Scholar
Tonry, M. (1999) Rethinking unthinkable punishment policies in America, UCLA Law Review, 46: 1781–1788.Google Scholar
Tonry, M. (2004) Thinking about Crime: Sense and Sensibility in American Penal Culture. New York: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Tonry, M. (2007) Determinants of penal policies. In Tonry, M. (ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 36: 1–48.Google Scholar
Tonry, M. (2009) Explanations of American punishment policies: A national history, Punishment & Society, 11: 377–394.Google Scholar
Tonry, M., & Petersilia, J. (1999) American Prisons at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century. In Tonry, M. (ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 26: 1–16.Google Scholar
Trammell, R. (2012) Enforcing the Convict Code: Violence and Prison Culture. Boulder, CO; London: Lynne Reiner.Google Scholar
Travis, J. (2000) But They All Come Back: Rethinking Prisoner Reentry. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.Google Scholar
Travis, J., & Visher, C. (2005) Introduction. In Travis, J. and Visher, C. (eds.), Prisoner Reentry and Public Safety. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Travis, J., & Visher, C., eds. (2005) Prisoner Reentry and Public Safety. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Travis, J., Western, B., & Redburn, S., eds. (2014) The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Triana, R., & González Amado, I. (2017) La proporcionalidad de las penas en la legislación penal colombiana. Bogotá: Ibañez.Google Scholar
Trulson, C. R. (2007) Determinants of disruption: Institutional misconduct among state-committed delinquents, Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 5(1): 7–34.Google Scholar
UNDP (2013) Citizen security with a human face: Evidence and proposals for Latin America. Regional Human Development Report 2013–2014. United Nations Development Programme.Google Scholar
Ungar, M. (2003) Prisons and politics in contemporary Latin America, Human Rights Quarterly, 25(4): 909–934.Google Scholar
Ungar, M., & Magaloni, A. (2009) Latin America’s Prisons: A Crisis of Criminal Policies and Democratic Rule. In Bergman, M. & Whitehead, L. (eds.), Criminality, Public Security, and the Challenge to Democracy in Latin America. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame.Google Scholar
UNODC (2014) Global Study of Homicide 2013. United Nations Publication: Vienna. www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/statistics/GSH2013/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNODC (2015) World Drugs Report. United Nations Publication: Vienna. www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2015/World_Drug_Report_2015.pdfGoogle Scholar
Useem, B., & Piehl, A. (2006) Prison buildup and disorder, Punishment & Society 8(1): 87–115.Google Scholar
Useem, B., & Morrison-Piehl, A. (2008) Prison State: The Challenge of Mass Incarceration. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Varese, F. (2005) The Russian Mafia: Private Protection in a New Market Economy. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Vianna, H., ed. (1997) Galeras cariocas: territórios de conflitos e encontros culturais. Río de Janeiro: UFRJ.Google Scholar
Vilalta, C. (2010) El miedo al crimen en México Estructura lógica, bases empíricas y recomendaciones iniciales de política pública, Gestión y Política Pública, XIX(1): 3–36.Google Scholar
Vilalta, C. (2015) Tendencias y proyecciones globales en la violencia homicida: 2000 a 2030 Instituto Igarapé. Notas sobre Homicidios 2. https://igarape.org.br/publicacoes/outras-publicacoes/Google Scholar
Vilalta, C., Castillo, J., and Torres, J. (2016) Violent Crime in Latin American Cities Institutions for Development Sector. Discussion paper IDB-DP-474. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.Google Scholar
Vilalta, C., & Fondevila, G. (2013) Perfiles criminales: Teorías, correlativos y políticas preventivas. Mexico: CIDE.Google Scholar
Vilalta, C., & Fondevila, G. (2019) Prison Populism in Latin America: Reviewing the Dynamics of Prison Population Growth. https://igarape.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2019-03-29-NE-32_Prision-Growth-EN.pdfGoogle Scholar
Vilches, L. A. (2009) Confrontando las violaciones a los DDHH en las cárceles de Argentina, Chile y Venezuela: ¿Una batalla perdida?. München: Grin.Google Scholar
Visher, Ch., & Travis, J. (2003) Transitions from prison to community: Understanding individual pathways, Annual Review of Sociology, 29: 89–113.Google Scholar
Wacquant, L. (2000) Prisons of Poverty. Minnesota: Minnesota University Press.Google Scholar
Wacquant, L. 2009. Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Wakefield, H., & Underwager, R. (1998) Coerced or nonvoluntary confessions, Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 16: 423–440.Google Scholar
Walklate, S. (2004) Gender, Crime and Criminal Justice. Cullompton: Willan.Google Scholar
Walrath, C. (2001) Evaluation of an inmate-run alternatives to violence project, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16(7): 697–711.Google Scholar
Walters, G. D. (1998) Time series and correlational analyses of inmate-initiated assaultive incidents in a large correctional system, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 42(2): 124–132.Google Scholar
Ward, D., & Kassebaum, G. (2009) Alcatraz: The Gangsters Years. Berkeley: University of California.Google Scholar
Weitzer, R. (1996) Racial discrimination in the criminal justice system: Findings and problems in the literature, Journal of Criminal Justice, 24: 309−322.Google Scholar
Wells, T., & Leo, R. (2008) The Wrong Guys: Murder, False Confessions and the Norfolk Four. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
West, H. C., & Sabol, W. J. (2009) Prison Inmates at Midyear 2008. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.Google Scholar
Western, B. (2006) Punishment and Inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage FoundationGoogle Scholar
Western, B., Braga, A., Davis, J., & Sirois, C. (2015) Stress and hardship after prison, American Journal of Sociology, 120: 1512–1547.Google Scholar
Western, B., & Müller, Ch. (2013) Mass incarceration, macrosociology, and the poor, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 647: 166–189.Google Scholar
Weyland, K. (2003) Neopopulism and neoliberalism in Latin America: How much affinity? Third World Quarterly, 24(6): 1095–1115.Google Scholar
Weyland, K. (2004) Neoliberalism and Democracy in Latin America: A Mixed Record, Latin American Politics and Society, 46(1): 135–157.Google Scholar
Wice, P., & Pilgrim, M. (1975) Meeting the Gideon Mandate: A survey of public defender programs, Judicature, 58: 400–409.Google Scholar
Wildeman, C. & Muller, C. (2012) Mass imprisonment and inequality in health and family life, Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 8: 11–30.Google Scholar
Williams, M. (2002) A comparison of sentencing outcomes for defendants with public defenders versus retained counsel in a Florida circuit court, Justice Systems Journal, 23: 249−257.Google Scholar
Williamson, J. (1990) Latin American adjustment: How much has happened? (No. 04, HC125, L29 W5 1990).Google Scholar
Willis, G. D. (2009) Deadly symbiosis? The PCC, the state, and the institutionalization of violence in São Paulo, Brazil. In Rodgers, D. (ed.), Youth Violence in Latin America. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 167–181.Google Scholar
Wilson, W. J. (1987) The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Winterdyk, J. & Ruddell, R. (2010) Managing prison gangs: Results from a survey of U.S. prison systems, Journal of Criminal Justice, 38, 730–736.Google Scholar
WOLA (2017) Women, Drug Policies, and Incarceration: A Guide for Policy. Washington: Washington Office for Latin America. www.wola.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Women-Drug-Policies-and-Incarceration-Guide_Final.pdfGoogle Scholar
Wolf, S. (2014) Central American street gangs: Their role in communities and prisons, Journal European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 96: 127–140.Google Scholar
Wooldredge, J. D. (1998) Inmate lifestyles and opportunities for victimization, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 35(4): 480–502.Google Scholar
Wooldredge, J., Griffin, T., & Pratt, T. (2001) Considering hierarchical models for research on inmate behavior: Predicting misconduct with multilevel data, Justice Quarterly, 18: 203–231.Google Scholar
World Drugs Report -WDR- (2017) New York: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Google Scholar
Worrall, J., & Morris, R. (2011) Prison gang integration and inmate violence, Journal of Criminal Justice, 40: 425–432.Google Scholar
Wright, E., Salisbury, E., & Van Voorhis, P. (2007) Predicting the prison misconducts of women offenders: The importance of gender-responsive needs, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 23(4): 310–340.Google Scholar
Yashar, D. (2018) Homicidal Ecologies: Illicit Economies and Complicit States in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Young, A. (1991) All along the watchtower: Arbitrary detention and the police function, Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 29: 329.Google Scholar
Young, W., & Brown, M. (1993) Cross-national comparisons of imprisonment, Crime and Justice, 17: 1–49.Google Scholar
Yuille, K. (2004) No one’s perfect (not even close): Reevaluating access to justice in the United States and Western Europe, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 42: 863–924.Google Scholar
Zechmeister, E., ed. (2016) The Political Culture of Democracy in the Americas, 2014: Democratic Governance across 10 Years of the Americas Barometer. www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/ab2014/AB2014_Comparative_Report_English_V3_Updated_040517_W.pdfGoogle Scholar
Zepeda Lecuona, G. (2004) Crimen sin castigo: Procuración de justicia penal y ministerio público en México. México: FCE.Google Scholar
Zepeda, G. (2013) Seguridad y Justicia Penal en los estados: 25 indicadores de nuestra debilidad institucional. Mexico: Mexico Evalua. www.mexicoevalua.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/MEX-EVA_INDX_SJPE-LOW.pdfGoogle Scholar
Argentina: Autoridad Penal. Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos Servicio Penitenciario Federal. Estadística sobre Ejecución de Penal. Servicio Penitenciario Federal and Servicios Penitenciarios Provinciales. www.jus.gob.ar/media/1125932/informe_sneep_argentina_2012.pdfGoogle Scholar
Brazil: Ministério da Justiça Departamento Penitenciário Nacional Sistema Integrado de Informações Penitenciárias – InfoPen. www.justica.gov.br/seus-direitos/politica-penal/transparencia-institucional/estatisticas-prisional/anexos-sistema-prisional/Google Scholar
Chile: Ministerio de Justicia Gendarmería de Chile Unidad de Estadística. Servicio Nacional de Menores (SENAME). www.gendarmeria.gob.cl/estadisticas_general_historica.jspGoogle Scholar
El Salvador: Ministerio Público – Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos. Ministerio de Justicia y Seguridad Pública – Dirección General de Centros Penales – Estadística Penitenciaria / Unidad de acceso a la información pública. UAIP/OIR/044/14. Ministerio de Educación – Instituto Salvadoreño para el Desarrollo Integral de la Niñez y la Adolescencia (ISNA) Sistema de Información para la Infancia (SIPI).Google Scholar
International Centre for Prison Studies – University of Essex. www.prisonstudies.org/Google Scholar
Peru: Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos Instituto Nacional Penitenciario. Defensoría del Pueblo. Informes Defensoriales. Instituto Nacional Penitenciario de Perú. Defensoría del Pueblo – Perú. El sistema penitenciario: componente clave de la seguridad y la política criminal. Problemas, retos y perspectivas. www.gestionpublica.org.pe/plantilla/info_secpu/dp_0018.pdfGoogle Scholar
www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Ernesto%20de%20la%20Jara_0.pdf)Google Scholar
Mexico: UNODC CTS Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics [2003], [2010] Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia. Secretaría de Seguridad Pública Sistema Nacional Penitenciario, [2008/09] Cuestionario CTS (ONUDD – OEA (accessed on 08-20-15)Google Scholar
Organization of American States (OAS): www.oas.org/dsp/Observatorio/database/indicatorsdetails.aspx?lang=esandindicator=215; www.oas.org/dsp/observatorio/database/indicatorsdetails.aspx?lang=esandindicator=53Google Scholar
Argentina: Autoridad Penal. Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos Servicio Penitenciario Federal. Estadística sobre Ejecución de Penal. Servicio Penitenciario Federal and Servicios Penitenciarios Provinciales. www.jus.gob.ar/media/1125932/informe_sneep_argentina_2012.pdfGoogle Scholar
Brazil: Ministério da Justiça Departamento Penitenciário Nacional Sistema Integrado de Informações Penitenciárias – InfoPen. www.justica.gov.br/seus-direitos/politica-penal/transparencia-institucional/estatisticas-prisional/anexos-sistema-prisional/Google Scholar
Chile: Ministerio de Justicia Gendarmería de Chile Unidad de Estadística. Servicio Nacional de Menores (SENAME). www.gendarmeria.gob.cl/estadisticas_general_historica.jspGoogle Scholar
El Salvador: Ministerio Público – Procuraduría para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos. Ministerio de Justicia y Seguridad Pública – Dirección General de Centros Penales – Estadística Penitenciaria / Unidad de acceso a la información pública. UAIP/OIR/044/14. Ministerio de Educación – Instituto Salvadoreño para el Desarrollo Integral de la Niñez y la Adolescencia (ISNA) Sistema de Información para la Infancia (SIPI).Google Scholar
International Centre for Prison Studies – University of Essex. www.prisonstudies.org/Google Scholar
Peru: Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos Instituto Nacional Penitenciario. Defensoría del Pueblo. Informes Defensoriales. Instituto Nacional Penitenciario de Perú. Defensoría del Pueblo – Perú. El sistema penitenciario: componente clave de la seguridad y la política criminal. Problemas, retos y perspectivas. www.gestionpublica.org.pe/plantilla/info_secpu/dp_0018.pdfGoogle Scholar
www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Ernesto%20de%20la%20Jara_0.pdf)Google Scholar
Mexico: UNODC CTS Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics [2003], [2010] Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia. Secretaría de Seguridad Pública Sistema Nacional Penitenciario, [2008/09] Cuestionario CTS (ONUDD – OEA (accessed on 08-20-15)Google Scholar
Organization of American States (OAS): www.oas.org/dsp/Observatorio/database/indicatorsdetails.aspx?lang=esandindicator=215; www.oas.org/dsp/observatorio/database/indicatorsdetails.aspx?lang=esandindicator=53Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×