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36538 results in Social and population history

Page 105 of 1827

  • 5 - Middle- and Upper-Class Childhoods in Towns, c. 1700–1870

  • from Part II - Childhood in Towns, c. 1700–1870
  • Colin Heywood, University of Nottingham
  • Book:
    Childhood in Modern Europe
    Published online:
    31 August 2018
    Print publication:
    06 September 2018, pp 97-120

  • Summary

    Chapters 5 and 6 examine the experience of growing up in the towns, contrasted with the rural upbringing outlined in chapter 2. Chapter 5 starts by examining the content of advice manuals for child-rearing, and their general message that parent-child relations should be affectionate, with a shift in emphasis from the father's to the mother's role. The second part discusses child-rearing among the aristocracy, with its privileged but none-too-easy path to adulthood. The third section turns to the middle classes, highlighting their ideal of non-working mothers, emphasis on domesticity and concern for education. It also outlines material conditions for middle-class children and the advantages and disadvantages of their approach to child-rearing.

  • 10 - Growing Up during the Twentieth Century, Part 2

  • from Part III - Childhood in an Industrial and Urban Society, c. 1870–2000
  • Colin Heywood, University of Nottingham
  • Book:
    Childhood in Modern Europe
    Published online:
    31 August 2018
    Print publication:
    06 September 2018, pp 218-243

  • Summary

    Chapter 10 continues the experience of growing up from the previous chapter, focusing on some of the advantages and disadvantages for children of living in an affluent urban-industrial society. An opening section sets the socio-economic context of economic growth, a rising standard of living and persisting inequalities. A section on child health charts the generally positive influence of affluence on declining infant and child mortality, and the retreat of debilitating illness for the young, marred only by some 'diseases of affluence' such as obesity and tooth decay. The second section continues with similarly positive improvements in the material conditions of the young, in terms of food and housing. There was also an increased availability of consumer goods, leading to some debate on whether this was a mixed blessing. Finally, there is discussion of a major blight on the twentieth-century childhood: two world wars. It examines the way children were prepared for war in schools and youth organizations, the experiences of a small number of child soldiers, and the huge upheavals brought by the displacement of children, with mass evacuations and expulsions.

  • 8 - The Scientific Approach to Childhood

  • from Part III - Childhood in an Industrial and Urban Society, c. 1870–2000
  • Colin Heywood, University of Nottingham
  • Book:
    Childhood in Modern Europe
    Published online:
    31 August 2018
    Print publication:
    06 September 2018, pp 175-194

  • Summary

    Chapter 8 returns to the conceptualisation of childhood, discussed earlier in chapters 1 and 4. It begins by noting the association of childhood with schooling during the twentieth century, and in particular the influence of the school system's age-grading of classes. As in the past, though, the boundaries of childhood remain elusive, with schools, the legal system and stages of growth providing different answers. The second section emphasises the growing influence of scientists and social scientists on understandings of the nature of the child. It considers the Child Study Movement of the period 1890–1914, and the subsequent emergence of developmental psychology during the twentieth century.This section also assesses the 'death of childhood' thesis, associated with Neil Postman. Finally, the chapter documents the growing significance of childhood during the twentieth century, under the influence of such authorities as Ellen Key, Sigmund Freud and John Bowlby. There is also a survey of the children's rights movement, from its origins in the social legislation of the late nineteenth century to the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child.

  • 2 - Growing Up in Villages

  • from Part I - Childhood in Villages, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
  • Colin Heywood, University of Nottingham
  • Book:
    Childhood in Modern Europe
    Published online:
    31 August 2018
    Print publication:
    06 September 2018, pp 33-54

  • Summary

    Chapter 2 considers the experience of being brought up in a village in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It begins with debates among historians in this area, and the social conditions in villages, especially the age structure of the population and the difficulty of feeding increasing numbers of people. It also outlines the framework for a village childhood, in the form of the peasant family and the rural community. The next part of the chapter looks at infancy. It notes the relatively high level of infant mortality, and the problems associated with keeping infants alive. This includes discussion of feeding practices, swaddling and popular medicine, as well as infanticide and responses to infant death. The final section focuses on the peasant childhood, with discussion of material conditions, orphans and parent-child relations.

The Power of Laughter and Satire in Early Modern Britain
  • Political and Religious Culture, 1500-1820
  • Edited by Mark Knights, Adam Morton
  • Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    01 September 2018
    Print publication:
    30 June 2017
  • This interdisciplinary collection considers the related topics of satire and laughter in early modern Britain through a series of case studies ranging from the anti-monastic polemics of the early Reformation to the satirical invasion prints of the Napoleonic wars. Moving beyond the traditional literary canon to investigate printed material of all kinds, both textual and visual, it considers satire as a mode or attitude rather than a literary genre and is distinctive in its combination of broad historial range and thick description of individual instances. Within an over-arching investigation of the dual role of laughter and satire as a defence of communal values and as a challenge to political, religious and social constructions of authority, the individual chapters by leading scholars provide richly contextualised studies of the uses of laughter and satire in various settings - religious, political, theatrical and literary. Drawing on some unfamiliar and intriguing source material and on recent work on the history of the emotions, the contributors consider not just the texts themselves but their effect on their audiences, and chart both the changing use of humour and satire across the whole early modern period and, importantly, the less often noticed strands of continuity, for instance in the persistence of religious tropes throughout the period.MARK KNIGHTS is Professor of History at the University of Warwick.ADAM MORTON is Lecturer in the History of Britain at the University of Newcastle.Contributors: ANDREW BENJAMIN BRICKER, MARK KNIGHTS, FIONA MCCALL, ANDREW MCRAE, ADAM MORTON, SOPHIE MURRAY, ROBERT PHIDDIAN, MARK PHILP, CATHY SHRANK.

A New History of Yachting
  • Mike Bender
  • Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    31 August 2018
    Print publication:
    31 August 2017
  • This book, by a leading expert in the field, is the first major history of yachting for over a quarter of a century. Setting developments within political, social and economic changes, the book tells the story of yachting from Elizabethan times to the present day: the first uses of yachts, by monarchs, especially Charles II; yacht clubs and yacht racing in the eighteenth century; the early years of the Royal Yacht Squadron at Cowes and an analysis of the America Cup challenges; the pioneering developments in Ireland and the exporting of yachting to the colonies and trading outposts of the Empire; the expansion of yachting in Victorian times; the Golden Age of Yachting in the years before the First World War, when it was the sport of the crowned heads of Europe; the invention of the dinghy and the keelboat classes and, after the Second World War, the massive numbers of home-built dinghies; the breaking of new boundaries by risk-taking single-handers from the mid-1960s; the expansion of leisure sailing that came in the 1980s with the use of moulded plastic yachts; and current trends and pressures within the sport. Well-referenced yet highly readable, this book will be of interest both to the scholar and the sailing enthusiast.MIKE BENDER is an experienced yachtsman and qualified Ocean Yachtmaster, with some forty thousand miles, mostly singlehanded, under the keel. He is an Honorary Research Fellow in History at the University of Exeter.

Childhood in Modern Europe
  • Colin Heywood
  • Published online:
    31 August 2018
    Print publication:
    06 September 2018
  • This invaluable introduction to the history of childhood in both Western and Eastern Europe between c.1700 and 2000 seeks to give a voice to children as well as adults, wherever possible. The work is divided into three parts, covering in turn, childhood in rural village societies during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; in the towns during the Industrial Revolution period (c.1750–1870); and in society generally during the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Each part has a succinct introduction to a number of key topics, such as conceptions of childhood; infant and child mortality; the material conditions of children; their cultural life; the welfare facilities available to them from charities and the state; and the balance of work and schooling. Combining a chronological with a thematic approach, this book will be of particular interest to students and academics in a number of disciplines, including history, sociology, anthropology, geography, literature and education.

Page 105 of 1827