Status information from avionics systems is typically transmitted to airlines, but aircraft cabin systems remain largely disconnected and frequently reliant on manual, paper-based logbooks for defect recording. This results in error-prone processes that compromise data consistency and complicate maintenance planning. Digitalisation offers solutions to these challenges by enabling predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring and streamlined data sharing, improving operational reliability and efficiency. However, developing such systems is inherently complex due to operational constraints and stringent safety and security regulations. Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) effectively manages complexity, provide standardised system visualisation and enhance multidisciplinary communication. From a methodological perspective, approaches from literature suitable for addressing aviation maintenance systems were selected and enhanced with allocation techniques and subsequently applied to create system models for both current and digitalised aircraft cabins. This paper showcases MBSE’s relevance to develop digitalised aircraft cabin systems by using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) enabling stakeholders to visualise system architectures and to make better-informed design decisions. The analysis of the presented SysML models highlights the error-prone structure of current non-digitalised aircraft cabin systems while illustrating new use cases unlocked by digitalisation. A model-based comparison underscores the improved efficiency, reliability and predictive capabilities achieved through digital transformation. This study demonstrates that MBSE provides qualitative advantages in system development by enhancing stakeholder collaboration, clarifying complex system architectures, and providing actionable insights into system behaviour and improvements.

Fuel pre-injection in the inlet of a hypersonic engine has been proven to be advantageous in the range of the very high flight Mach numbers. In this paper, a rapid inlet performance analysis model with fuel pre-injection is proposed. The modelling process is divided into two stages. Firstly, the baseline inlet model is provided based on the working principle of the inlet. Then, the newly proposed fuel injection and heat release model is added to the baseline inlet model. Among them, the fuel injection and heat release model is equivalent to increasing the compression angle in the cold state. And in the hot state the effect of the fuel heat release will be considered in addition to the effect of cold state. The research results show as the equivalence ratio increases, the equivalent compression angle also increases, but the two are not in a linear relationship. Based on this pattern of effect, fuel injection can be used to regulate the shock wave position and accurately control the flow rate of the inlet. In addition, by comparing to numerical simulation, it is found that the analysis model can almost reasonably predict the performance of the pre-injection inlet. However, the calculation of drag coefficient has some deviation compared to numerical simulation, which is probably due to the lack of consideration of friction drag and the interaction between the shock wave and boundary layer in the model analysis. Overall, the modelling method proposed in this paper can reflect the effect of fuel injection on inlet performance, which can be used to optimise injection strategy in the future.