Okruginite, Cu2SnSe3 is a new mineral discovered from the high-sulfidation epithermal Au Ozernovskoye deposit, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia. It occurs as distinct Se-rich zones in Se-bearing mohite crystals or forms aggregates of small crystals 10–15 μm in size in quartz. In plane-polarised light, okruginite appears brownish grey. Pleochroism and bireflectance are discernible, anisotropy is weak, with rotation tints pale blue-grey to pale grey-brown; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values of the synthetic analogue of okruginite in air (R1, R2 in %) are: 25.9, 26.5 at 470 nm, 27.5, 26.5 at 546 nm, 27.8, 28.4 at 589 nm and 27.7, 28.4 at 650 nm. Twenty seven electron-microprobe analyses of okruginite give an average composition: Cu 29.48, Sn 28.10, Se 33.40 and S 8.75, total 99.73 wt.%, corresponding to the empirical formula Cu1.99Sn1.02(Se1.82S1.17)Σ2.99 based on 6 atoms; the average of seven analyses on its synthetic analogue is: Cu 23.62, Sn 24.37 and Se 49.09, total 97.08 wt.%, corresponding to Cu1.86Sn1.03Se3.11. The density, calculated on the basis of the empirical formula, is 5.126 g/cm3. The mineral is monoclinic, space group Cc, with a = 6.9906(2), b = 12.0712(4) Å, c = 6.9723(2) Å, β = 109.350(10)°, V = 555.1(2) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the powder X-ray-diffraction data of synthetic Cu2SnSe3. Okruginite is the selenium-end member of the Cu2SnS3–Cu2SnSe3 solid solution. The mineral name is in honour of Dr. Victor Mikhailovich Okrugin, a Russian mineralogist, for his contributions to mineralogy and geology of epithermal deposits, in particular of the Au–Ag deposits in Kamchatka.

Svetlanaite, SnSe is a new mineral discovered from the high-sulfidation epithermal Au-deposit Ozernovskoe, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia. It forms tiny euhedral spindles (0.5–2 μm × 10–15 μm) in quartz, in close association with cassiterite, rutile, mohite, mawsonite, kiddcreekite, hemusite, tellurium, kostovite and Se-bearing ‘fahlores’ (Se-goldfieldite–Se(Bi)-tetrahedrite–Se-tennantite). In plane-polarised light, svetlanaite is light-grey, pleochroic from white to cream and strongly anisotropic in shades of light blue, dark blue, khaki and orange–brown; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values of synthetic analogue of svetlanaite in air (R1,R2 in %) are: 50.9, 56.5 at 470 nm, 50.2, 56.7 at 546 nm, 49.5, 55.3 at 589 nm and 48.7, 53.4 at 650 nm. Twelve electron-microprobe analyses of svetlanaite give an average composition: Sn 61.30, Se 37.22 and S 1.25 total 99.79 wt.%, corresponding to the empirical formula Sn1.01(Se0.92S0.07)Σ0.99 based on 2 atoms; the average of seven analyses on its synthetic analogue is: Sn 59.98 and Se 39.71, total 99.59 wt.%, corresponding to Sn1.00Se1.00. The density, calculated on the basis of the empirical formula, is 6.08 g/cm3. The mineral is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a = 11.500(2), b = 4.154(2), c = 4.445(2) Å, V = 212.34(14) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the powder X-ray-diffraction data of synthetic SnSe. It crystallises in the GeS-structure type. It is isostructural with the mineral herzenbergite (SnS). The mineral name is in honour of Svetlana K. Smirnova, a Russian mineralogist, for her contributions to geology in the epithermal Au–Ag deposits of the Tien–Shan region.

Gachingite, Au(Te1–xSex), 0.2 ≈ x ≤ 0.5, is a new mineral discovered in the Gaching ore occurrence of the Maletoyvayam epithermal deposit, Kamchatka, Russia. Gachingite forms individual droplet-like grains of sizes from 2 to 10 μm included in native gold (Au–Ag), associated with calaverite, maletoyvayamite, watanabeite and Au–Sb oxides. The aggregates do not exceed 100 μm in diameter. In plane-polarised light, gachingite is grey with a bluish tint, has bireflectance (bluish-grey to deep grey), and strong anisotropy with rotation tints blue to dark blue to brown. Reflectance values for gachingite in air (Rmin, Rmax in %) are: 39.9, 40.3 at 470 nm; 41.6, 43.3 at 546 nm; 42.0, 43.7 at 589 nm; and 43.0, 44.0 at 650 nm. Eighteen electron-microprobe analyses of gachingite gave an average composition: Au 62.40, Ag 0.57, Se 9.78, Te 27.33 and S 0.01, total 100.09 wt.%, corresponding to the formula (Au0.96Ag0.02)Σ0.98(Te0.65Se0.37)Σ1.02 based on 2 apfu, the simplified formula is Au(Te0.65Se0.35); the average analyses of its synthetic analogue is Au 65.7, Se 13.1 and Te 21.1, total 99.9 wt.%, corresponding to Au1.00(Te0.50Se0.50). The calculated density is 10.47 g/cm3. The mineral is orthorhombic, space group Cmce (#64) with a = 7.5379 Å, b = 5.7415 Å, c = 8.8985 Å, V = 385.12 Å3 and Z = 8. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the single-crystal X-ray-diffraction data of synthetic Au1.00(Te0.50Se0.50). The crystal structure of gachingite represents a unique structure type, containing linear [Au–Au–Au] chains running along the b-axis indicating strong metallic interaction in one direction. The structural identity of gachingite and its synthetic analogue Au1.00(Te0.50Se0.50) was confirmed by electron back-scatter diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The formation of gachingite requires an abundant source of Au and Se and a high oxidising environment. Gachingite is related to the gold-bearing productive stage of ore mineralisation, which is stable at 250°C in log$f_{{\rm S}{\rm e}_ 2}$ range of −12.4 and −5.7. The mineral is named after its type locality.

Nipalarsite, Ni8Pd3As4, is a new platinum-group mineral discovered in the sulfide-bearing orthopyroxenite of the Monchetundra layered intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia (67°52′22″N, 32°47′60″E). Nipalarsite forms anhedral grains (5–80 µm in size) in intergrowths with sperrylite, kotulskite, hollingworthite, isomertieite, menshikovite, palarstanide, nielsenite and monchetundtraite enclosed in pentlandite, anthophyllite, actinolite and chlorite. Nipalarsite is brittle, has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. In plane-polarised light, nipalarsite is light grey with a blue tinge. Reflectance values in air (in %) are: 46.06 at 470 nm, 48.74 at 546 nm, 50.64 at 589 nm and 54.12 at 650 nm. Values of VHN20 fall between 400.5 and 449.2 kg.mm–2, with a mean value of 429.9 kg.mm–2, corresponding to a Mohs hardness of ~4. The average result of 27 electron microprobe wavelength dispersive spectroscopy analyses of nipalarsite is (wt.%): Ni 44.011, Pd 28.74, Fe0.32, Cu 0.85, Pt 0.01, Au 0.05, As 25.42, Sb 0.05, Te 0.39, total 99.85. The empirical formula (normalised to 15 atoms per formula unit) is: (Ni8.10Fe0.06)Σ8.16(Pd2.94Cu0.18)Σ3.12(As3.68Te0.03)Σ3.71 or, ideally, Ni8Pd3As4. Nipalarsite is cubic, space group Fm$\bar{3}$m, with a = 11.4428(9) Å, V = 1498.3(4) Å3 and Z = 8. The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of synthetic Ni8Pd3As4 [d, Å (I) (hkl)] are: 2.859(10)(004), 2.623(6)(313), 2.557(6)(024), 2.334(11)(224), 2.201(35)(115,333), 2.021(100)(044), 1.906(8)(006,244) and 1.429(7)(008). The crystal structure was solved and refined from the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data of synthetic Ni8Pd3As4. The relation between natural and synthetic nipalarsite is illustrated by an electron back-scattered diffraction study of natural nipalarsite. The density calculated on the basis of the empirical formula of nipalarsite is 9.60 g.cm–3. The mineral name corresponds to the three main elements: Ni, Pd and As.

Mitrofanovite, Pt3Te4, is a new telluride discovered in low-sulfide disseminated ore in the East Chuarvy deposit, Fedorovo–Pana intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia. It forms anhedral grains (up to ~20 μm × 50 μm) commonly in intergrowths with moncheite in aggregates with lukkulaisvaaraite, kotulskite, vysotskite, braggite, keithconnite, rustenburgite and Pt–Fe alloys hosted by a chalcopyrite–pentlandite–pyrrhotite matrix. Associated silicates are: orthopyroxene, augite, olivine, amphiboles and plagioclase. Mitrofanovite is brittle; it has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. Mitrofanovite has a good cleavage, along {001}. In plane-polarised light, mitrofanovite is bright white with medium to strong bireflectance, slight pleochroism, and strong anisotropy on non-basal sections with greyish brown rotation tints; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values for the synthetic analogue of mitrofanovite in air (Ro, Re’ in %) are: 58.4, 54.6 at 470 nm; 62.7, 58.0 at 546 nm; 63.4, 59.1 at 589 nm; and 63.6, 59.5 at 650 nm. Fifteen electron-microprobe analyses of mitrofanovite gave an average composition: Pt 52.08, Pd 0.19, Te 47.08 and Bi 0.91, total 100.27 wt.%, corresponding to the formula (Pt2.91Pd0.02)Σ2.93(Te4.02Bi0.05)Σ4.07 based on 7 atoms; the average of eleven analyses on synthetic analogue is: Pt 52.57 and Te 47.45, total 100.02 wt.%, corresponding to Pt2.94Te4.06. The density, calculated on the basis of the formula, is 11.18 g/cm3. The mineral is trigonal, space group R$\overline 3 $m, with a = 3.9874(1), c = 35.361(1) Å, V = 486.91(2) Å3 and Z = 3. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the powder X-ray-diffraction data of synthetic Pt3Te4. Mitrofanovite is structurally and chemically related to moncheite (PtTe2). The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of synthetic mitrofanovite [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 11.790(23)(003), 5.891(100)(006), 2.851(26)(107), 2.137(16)(1013), 2.039(18)(0114), 1.574(24)(0120), 1.3098(21)(0027). The structural identity of natural mitrofanovite with synthetic Pt3Te4 was confirmed by electron backscatter diffraction measurements on the natural sample. The mineral name is chosen to honour Felix P. Mitrofanov, a Russian geologist who was among the first to discover platinum-group element mineralisation in the Fedorova–Pana complex.

Mcalpineite, ideally Cu3TeO6·H2O, occurs as isolated 0.5 mm-sized emerald green cryptocrystalline crusts on white quartz at the long-abandoned McAlpine mine, Tuolumne County, California, U.S.A. Associated nonmetallic phases are muscovite (mariposite), calcite, goethite, hematite, chlorargyrite, choloalite, keystoneite, mimetite, malachite, azurite, annabergite and a host of unidentified crusts, both crystalline and amorphous. Associated metallic minerals include pyrite, acanthite, hessite, electrum, altaite, native silver, galena, pyrargyrite, sphalerite and owyheeite. The mineral has also been identified at the Centennial Eureka mine, Juab County, Utah, U.S.A., where it occurs as interstitial olive-green coatings and as millimetre-sized dark green-black cryptocrystalline nodules lining drusy quartz vugs. Associated minerals are xocomecatlite, hinsdalite-svanbergite, goethite and several new species including two hydrated copper tellurates, a hydrated copper-zinc tellurate/tellurite, and a hydrated copper-zinc tellurate/tellurite-arsenate-chloride. Mcalpineite is cubic, P-lattice (space group unknown), a = 9.555(2) Å, V = 872.4(4) Å. The strongest six lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 4.26(40)(210), 2.763(100)(222), 2.384(70)(400), 1.873(40)(431,510), 1.689(80)(440) and 1.440(60)(622). The average of four electron-microprobe analyses (McAlpine mine) is CuO 50.84, NiO 0.17, PbO 4.68, SiO2 0.65, TeO3 39.05, H2O (calc.) [4.51], total [100.00] wt. %. With O = 7, the empirical formula is (Cu2.79Pb0.09Ni0.01)∑2.89(Te0.97Si0.05)∑1.02O5.90·1.10H2O. This gives a calculated density of 6.65. g/cm3 for Z = 8. The average of two electron-microprobe analyses (Centennial Eureka mine) is CuO 51.2, ZnO 3.1, TeO3 39.0, SiO2 0.2, As2O5 0.8, H2O (by CHN elemental analyser) 7, total 101.3 wt. %, leading to the empirical formula (Cu2.56Zn0.15)∑2.71 (Te0.88Si0.02As0.02)∑0.92O5.47·1.53H2O. The infrared absorption spectrum shows definite bands for structural H2O with an O-H stretching frequency centred at 3320 cm−1 and a H-O-H flexing frequency centred at 1600 cm−1. In reflected light Mcalpineite is isotropic, nondescript grey, with ubiquitous brilliant apple to lime green internal reflections. The refractive index calculated from Fresnel equations is 2.01. Measured reflectance values in air and in oil are tabulated. Reflectance study also shows that cryptocrystalline aggregates are composed of micron-sized sheaves of fibrous or prismatic crystals. Other physical properties include: adamantine lustre; light green streak; brittle; uneven fracture; translucent to transparent and nonfluorescent under both long- and short-wave ultraviolet light. The name is for the first known locality, the McAlpine mine.

Bassoite, ideally SrV3O7·4H2O, is a new mineral from the Molinello manganese mine, Val Graveglia. eastern Liguria, northern Apennines, Italy. It occurs as black euhedral to subhedral grains up to 400 urn across, closely associated with rhodonite, quartz and braunite. Bassoite is opaque with a sub-metallic lustre and a black streak. It is brittle and neither fracture nor cleavage was observed; the Vickers micro-hardness (VHN100) is 150 kg/mm (range 142—165; corresponding to a Mohs hardness of 4—41/2). The calculated density is 2.940 g/cm3 (on the basis of the empirical formula and X-ray single-crystal data). Bassoite is weakly bireflectant and very weakly pleochroic from grey to a dark green. Internal reflections are absent. The mineral is anisotropic, without characteristic rotation tints. Reflectance percentages (Rmin and Rmax) for the four standard COM wavelengths are 18.5%, 19.0% (471.1 nm); 17.2%, 17.8% (548.3 nm); 16.8%, 17.5% (586.6 nm) and 16.2%, 16.8% (652.3 nm), respectively.

Bassoite is monoclinic, space group P21/m, with unit-cell parameters: a = 5.313(3) Å, b = 10.495(3) Å, c = 8.568(4) Å, β = 91.14(5)°, V= 477.7(4) Å3, a:b:c = 0.506:1:0.816, and Z = 2. The crystal structure was refined to R1 = 0.0209 for 1148 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and it consists of layers of VO5 pyramids (with vanadium in the tetravalent state) pointing up and down alternately with Sr between the layers (in nine-fold coordination). The nine most intense X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I0) (hkt)] are: 8.5663 (100) (001); 6.6363 (14) (011); 3.4399 (14) (1̄21); 3.4049 (17) (121); 2.8339 (15) (1̄22); 2.7949 (11) (122); 2.6550 (15) (200); 2.6237 (11) (040) and 1.8666 (15) (240). Electron microprobe analyses produce a chemical formula (Sr0.97Ca0.02Na0.01)V3.00O74H20, on the basis of 2(Sr+Ca+Na) = 1, taking the results of the structure refinement into account. The presence of water molecules was confirmed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The name honours Riccardo Basso (b. 1947), full professor of Mineralogy and Crystallography at the University of Genova. The new mineral and mineral name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification, IMA (2011-028).

Vaughanite, idealized formula T1HgSb4S7, is a very rare primary constituent of the Golden Giant orebody of the Hemlo gold deposit, Hemlo, Ontario, Canada. It was found in two polished sections from one drill core; as a 450 by 300 µm aggregate associated with pääkkönenite, stibnite, realgar, and native arsenic; and as a 40 µm anhedral grain associated with stibarsen and chalcostibite. Vaughanite is opaque with a metallic lustre and a black streak. No cleavage was observed but parting, produced by indentation, was detected as a series of weak parallel traces. It is brittle, with an even, occasionally arcuate, fracture. VHN25 is 100–115, mean 104. Mohs hardness (calc.) = 3−3½. In refected plane-polarized light in air the bireflectance is weak to moderate; the pleochroism is also weak, from a somewhat greenish grey to slightly darker bluish grey. Anisotropism is moderate to strong, with rotation tints in shades of green, yellow, purplish brown to brown. Reflectance spectra and colour values are tabulated. The colour in air is light grey. Internal reflections are rare but are arterial-blood-red on indentation fractures. X-ray studies have shown that vaughanite is triclinic with refined unit-cell parameters a 9.012 (3), b 13.223 (3), c 5.906 (2) Å, α 93.27 (3)°, β 95.05 (4)°, γ 109.16 (3)°, V 659.46 (80) Å3, a:b:c = 0.6815 : 1 : 0.4466 and Z = 2. The space group choices are P1 (1) or (2), diffraction aspect P*. The five strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern [d in Å (l) (hkl)] are: 4.343 (30) (), 4.204 (100) (), 3.313 (60) (130), 2.749 (40) (, 131) and 2.315 (30) (, 122). The average of five electron microprobe analyses gave T1 18.3 (2), Hg 17.5 (2), Sb 43.4 (3), As 1.1 (1), S 20.5 (5), total 100.8 wt. %, corresponding, on the basis of total atoms = 13, to T10.98Hg0.95(Sb3.90As0.17)Σ4.07S7.00. The calculated density is 5.56 g/cm3 for the empirical formula and 5.62 g/cm3 for the simplified formula. The mineral is named for Professor David J. Vaughan.

Verbeekite, ideally PdSe2, monoclinic with space-group choices C2/m, C2 or Cm; a = 6.659(7), b = 4.124(5), c = 4.438(6) Å, ß = 92.76(3)°, V = 121.7(4) Å3; a:b:c = 1.6147:1:1.0761, Z = 2, is a new, very rare, primary mineral, intimately associated with secondary oosterboschite {(Pd,Cu)7Se5}, from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Additional associated minerals are Cu- and Pd-bearing trogtalite {(Co,Cu,Pd)Se2}, Se-bearing digenite and Se-bearing covellite. The strongest five lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern {d in Å (I) (hkl)} are: 4.423(30)(001), 3.496 (30)(110), 2.718(100)(111), 1.955(50)(310 and 1.896(50)(12). The mineral has also been identified, as a single anhedral 25 µm-sized grain, from Hope's Nose, Torquay, Devon, England where it is associated with native gold, chrisstanleyite Ag2Pd3Se4, oosterboschite(?), unnamed Pd2HgSe3 and cerussite. At Musonoi, altered verbeekite grains do not exceed 200 µm in size and are anhedral, black, with a black streak and a metallic lustre. The mineral is opaque, brittle, has an uneven fracture, and lacks discernible cleavage. The VHN5 ranges 490–610, mean 550 kp/mm2 (2 indentations), roughly approximating a Mohs' hardness of 5Ý. Dcalc. = 7.211 g/cm3 for the ideal formula. Electron-microprobe analyses (mean of 4 spot analyses) yielded Pd 39.6, Cu 0.5, Se 58.8, total 98.9 wt.%. The empirical formula is (Pd0.99Cu0.02)σ1.01Se1.99, based on Pd+Cu+Se = 3. In plane-polarized reflected light, the mineral is a nondescript grey and is neither pleochroic nor perceptibly bireflectant. Anisotropy is moderate with rotation tints in varying shades of brown. Reflectance spectra and colour values are tabulated. The name honours Dr Théodore Verbeek (1927–1991) who was the first geoscientist to study the Musonoi palladium mineralization in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1955–1967) and who co-discovered this new mineral phase.

Shannonite, ideally Pb2OCO3, is a new mineral species that occurs as mm-sized white porcellanous crusts, associated with fluorite, at the Grand Reef mine, Graham County, Arizona, USA. Other associated minerals are plumbojarosite, hematite, Mn-oxides, muscovite-2M1, quartz, litharge, massicot, hydrocerussite, minium, and unnamed PbCO3·2PbO. Shannonite is orthorhombic, space group P21221 or P212121, with unit-cell parameters (refined from X-ray powder data): a 9.294(3), b 9.000(3), c 5.133(2) Å, V 429.3(3) Å3, a:b:c 1.0327:1:0.5703, Z = 4. The strongest five lines in the X-ray powder pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 4.02(40)(111); 3.215(100)(211); 3.181(90)(121); 2.858(40)(130); 2.564(35)(002). The average of eight electron microprobe analyses is PbO 89.9(5), CO2 (by CHN elemental analyser) 9.70, total 99.60 wt.%. With O = 4, the empirical formula is Pb1.91C1.05O4.00. The calculated density for the empirical formula is 7.31 and for the idealized formula is 7.59 g/cm3. In reflected light, shannonite is colourless-grey to white, with ubiquitous white internal reflections (× 16 objectives), weak anisotropy, barely detectable bireflectance, and no evidence of pleochroism. The calculated refractive index (at 590 nm) is 2.09. Measured reflectance values in air and in oil (× 4 objectives) are tabulated. Transmission electron-microscopy studies reveal that individual crystallites range in size from 10–400 nm, are platy, and are anhedral. Physical properties for cryptocrystalline crusts include: white streak; waxy lustre; opaque; nonfluorescent under both long- and short-wave ultraviolet light; uneven fracture; brittle; VHN100 97 (range 93–100); calculated Mohs’ hardness 3–3½. Shannonite is soluble in concentrated HCl and in dilute HNO3 and H2SO4. The mineral name is for David M. Shannon, who helped collect the samples and who initiated this study.

Lukkulaisvaaraite, Pd14Ag2Te9, is a new platinum-group mineral discovered in the Lukkulaisvaara intrusion, northern Russian Karelia, Russia. In polished section crystals are ~40 mm across, rimmed by tulameenite and accompanied to varying degrees by telargpalite and Bi-rich kotulskite. Lukkulaisvaaraite is brittle, has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. Values of VHN20 fall between 339 and 371 kg mm–2, with a mean value of 355 kg mm–2, corresponding to a Mohs hardness of ~4. In plane-polarized light, lukkulaisvaaraite is light grey with a brownish tinge, has strong bireflectance, light brownish-grey to greyish-brown pleochroism and distinct to strong anisotropy; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values of lukkulaisvaaraite in air (R1, R2, in %) are: 40.9, 48.3 at 470 nm, 47.6, 56.4 at 546 nm, 52.1, 61.0 at 589 nm and 57.5, 65.2 at 650 nm. Five electron microprobe analyses of natural lukkulaisvaaraite gave the average composition Pd 52.17, Ag 7.03 and Te 40.36, total 99.61 wt.%, corresponding to the empirical formula Pd14.05Ag1.88Te9.06 based on 25 atoms; the average of nine analyses on synthetic lukkulaisvaaraite is Pd 52.13, Ag 7.31 and Te 40.58, total 100.02 wt.%, corresponding to Pd13.99Ag1.93Te9.08. The mineral is tetragonal, space group I4/m, with a = 8.9599(6), c = 11.822(1) Å , V = 949.1(1) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of synthetic Pd14Ag2Te9. Lukkulaisvaaraite has a unique structure type and shows similarities to that of sopcheite (Ag4Pd3Te4) and palladseite (Pd17Se15). The strongest lines in the powder XRD pattern of synthetic lukkulaisvaaraite [d(Å),I,hkl] are: 2.8323(58)(130,310), 2.8088(92),(213), 2.5542(66)(312), 2.4312(41)(321,231), 2.1367(57)(411,141), 2.1015(52)(233,323), 2.0449(100)(314), 2.0031(63)(420,240), 1.9700(30)(006), 1.4049(30)(246,426), 1.3187(36)(543,453). The mineral is named for the type locality, the Lukkulaisvaara intrusion in Russian Karelia.

Kingstonite, ideally Rh3S4, is a new mineral from the Bir Bir river, Yubdo District, Wallaga Province, Ethiopia. It occurs as subhedral, tabular elongate to anhedral inclusions in a Pt-Fe nugget with the associated minerals isoferroplatinum, tetraferroplatinum, a Cu-bearing Pt-Fe alloy, osmium, enriched oxide remnants of osmium, laurite, bowieite, ferrorhodsite and cuprorhodsite. It is opaque with a metallic lustre, has a black streak, is brittle and has a subconchoidal fracture and a good cleavage parallel to [001]. VHN25 is 871–920 kg/mm2. In plane-polarized reflected light, kingstonite is a pale slightly brownish grey colour. It is weakly pleochroic and displays a weak bireflectance. It does not possess internal reflections. The anisotropy is weak to moderate in dull greys and browns. Reflectance data and colour values are tabulated. Average results of twenty electron microprobe analyses on four grains give Rh 46.5, Ir 16.4, Pt 11.2, S 25.6, total 99.7 wt.%. The empirical formula is (Rh2.27Ir0.43Pt0.29)Σ2.99S4.01, based on 7 atoms per formula unit (a.p.f.u.). Kingstonite is monoclinic (C2/m) with a = 10.4616(5), b = 10.7527(5), c = 6.2648(3) Å, β = 109.000(5)°, V = 666.34(1) Å3 (Z = 6). The calculated density is 7.52 g/cm3 (on the basis of the empirical formula and unit-cell parameters refined from powder data). The seven strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in Å(I) (hkl)] are: 3.156 (100) (310), 3.081 (100) (31), 2.957 (90) (002), 2.234 (60) (202), 1.941 (50) (23), 1.871 (80) (41) and 1.791 (90) (060, 33). The structure of kingstonite was solved and refined to Rp = 3.8%. There are four distinct metal sites with Rh occupancies of 0.64–0.89. Two metal sites are regular RhS6 octahedra that share edges to form a ribbon running parallel to c. The other two metal sites are coordinated by 4 S + 2 Rh and 5 S + 2 Rh and define a puckered Rh6 ring. The ribbons of regular RhS6 octahedra alternate with the columns of Rh6 rings linked by S atoms. S–S bridges also connect the ribbons and columns. As such, the kingstonite structure is essentially that of synthetic Rh3S4. Minor differences in the unit-cell parameters, atom coordinates and displacement parameters of kingstonite and synthetic Rh3S4 arise from the considerable substitution of Ir for Rh. The mineral name honours Gordon Kingston (formerly of Cardiff University) in recognition of his contributions to platinum group element mineralogy and the geology of their mineral deposits.

Juabite, ideally Cu5(Te6+O4)2(As5+O4)2·3H2O, is triclinic, space-group choices P1(1) or P(2), with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a = 8.984(5), b = 10.079(7), c = 8.975(5) Å, α = 102.68(7)°, β = 92.45(6)°, γ = 70.45(5)° V = 746.8(8) Å3, a:b:c = 0.8914:1:0.8905, Z = 2. The strongest seven reflections of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 9.28 (70)(010), 4.65 (70)(020), 3.097 (100)(030,11), 3.018 (60)(212), 2.658 (50)(01), 2.468 (50)(2) and 1.740 (50)(1, 521, 5). The mineral is an extremely rare constituent on the dumps of the Centennial Eureka mine, Juab County, Utah, U.S.A., where it occurs as crystalline platy masses that average 0.2–0.3 mm in longest dimension within small interconnected vugs of drusy quartz. Associated minerals are enargite, beudantite, and an undefined, possible Pb-analogue of arsenobismite. Individual crystals are subhedral to euhedral and average 125 × 100 × 1–2 µm in size. Cleavage {010} perfect. Forms are: {010} major; {100}, {01}, and {101} minor. The mineral is translucent (masses) to transparent (crystals), emerald-green, with a pale green streak, and an uneven to subconchoidal fracture. Juabite is vitreous to adamantine (almost gemmy) on cleavage faces, brittle, and nonfluorescent; H (Mohs) 3–4; D (calc.) 4.59 g/cm3 for the idealised formula. In polished section, juabite is white in plane-polarised reflected light in air with ubiquitous turquoise-blue internal reflections; bireflectance and anisotropy are unknown (due to interference from internal reflections). Averaged electronmicroprobe analyses yielded CuO 38.25, PbO 0.57, TeO3 32.58, As2O5 22.81, H2O (calc. assuming 3H2O) [5.19], total [99.40] wt.%, leading to the empirical formula (Cu5.01Pb0.03)Σ5.04(TeO4)l.93(AsO4)2.07·3.00H2O based on O = 19. The infrared absorption spectrum shows definite bands for structural H2O with an O-H stretching frequency centred at 3283 cm−1 and a H-O-H flexing frequency centred at 1642 cm−1. The mineral name is for the county within the state of Utah in which the Centennial Eureka mine is located.

Feinglosite, the zinc analogue of arsenbrackebuschite, was found lining a cavity in a sample of massive chalcocite from Tsumeb, Namibia. In this cavity it is associated with wulfenite, anglesite and goethite. The mean of seven electron-microprobe analyses (wt.%) is: PbO 61.4, ZnO 7.3, FeO 1.8, As2O5 22.1, SO3 5.3, H2O (by difference) [2.1], total = [100.00]%, leading to the ideal formula: Pb2(Zn,Fe)[(As,S)O4]·H2O. Feinglosite is monoclinic, space group P21 or P21/m, a 8.973(6), b 5.955(3), c 7.766(6) Å, β 112.20(6)°, with Z = 2. The strongest five reflections of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d in Å (I) (hkl)]: 4.85 (50) (110), 3.246 (100) (112), 2.988 (60) (301), 2.769 (60) (300/211), 2.107 (50) (321). The mineral is pale olive-green, transparent, sectile, and has a white streak and adamantine lustre. It overgrows clusters of goethite crystals and forms globular microcrystalline aggregates up to 0.5–0.75mm in size. The hardness on Mohs' scale is 4–5: the mean micro-indentation hardness is 263 at VHN100. Its calculated density is 6.52 g cm−3. The mineral is pale brownish grey in reflected light (when compared with goethite). Visible spectrum reflectance data are presented. Feinglosite is named for Mark N. Feinglos who first recognised the mineral on a specimen in his collection.

Chrisstanleyite, Ag2Pd3Se4, is a new mineral from gold-bearing carbonate veins in Middle Devonian limestones at Hope's Nose, Torquay, Devon, England. It is associated with palladian and argentian gold, fischesserite, clausthalite, eucairite, tiemannite, umangite, a Pd arsenide-antimonide (possibly mertieite II), cerussite, calcite and bromian chlorargyrite. Also present in the assemblage is a phase similar to oosterboschite, and two unknown minerals with the compositions, PdSe2 and HgPd2Se3. Chrisstanleyite occurs as composite grains of anhedral crystals ranging from a few µm to several hundred µm in size. It is opaque, has a metallic lustre and a black streak, VHN100 ranges from 371–421, mean 395 kp/mm2 (15 indentations), roughly approximating to a Mohs hardness of 5. Dcalc = 8.308 g/cm3 for the ideal formula with Z = 2. In plane-polarised reflected light, the mineral is very slightly pleochroic from very light buff to slightly grey-green buff; is weakly bireflectant and has no internal reflections. Bireflectance is weak to moderate (higher in oil). Anisotropy is moderate and rotation tints vary from rose-brown to grey-green to pale bluish grey to dark steel-blue. Polysynthetic twinning is characteristic of the mineral. Reflectance spectra and colour values are tabulated. Very little variation was noted in eleven electron-microprobe analyses on five grains, the mean is: Ag 25.3, Cu 0.17, Pd 37.5, Se 36.4, total 99.37 wt.%. The empirical formula (on the basis of ∑M + Se = 9) is (Ag2.01Cu0.02)∑2.03 Pd3.02Se3.95, ideally Ag2Pd3Se4. Chrisstanleyite is monoclinic, a 6.350(6), b 10.387(4), c 5.683(3) Å β 114.90(5)°, space group P21/m (11) or P21(4). The five strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 2.742 (100) (–121), 2.688 (80) (–221), 2.367 (50) (140), 1.956 (100) (–321,150) and 1.829 (30) (–321, 042). The name is in honour of Dr Chris J. Stanley of The Natural History Museum in London. The mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association.

Criddleite, ideally TlAg2Au3Sb10S10, is a rare constituent within the Hemlo gold deposit, Hemlo, Ontario, Canada. The mineral occurs as 20 to 50 µm-sized lath-like, tabular or anhedral grains usually surrounding or penetrating aurostibite, or associated with native antimony, native gold and stibnite. Criddleite is opaque with a metallic lustre and a black streak. It has been synthesized by reacting TlSbS2 and high purity Ag, Au, Sb and S in an evacuated silica glass tube at 400 °C. The measured density of the synthetic material is 6.86; the calculated density is 6.57 g/cm3. The difference is due to minor admixed aurostibite, native antimony and a dyscrasite-like phase within the charge. VHN25 is 94–129. Mohs hardness (calc.) = 3–3 ½. In reflected plane-polarized light in air, natural criddleite is weakly bireflectant with a discernible reflectance pleochroism from grey-blue to slightly greenish grey-blue. The mineral has a distinct to moderate anisotropy with rotation tints in shades of buff to slate grey. Reflectance spectra and colour values for both natural and synthetic criddleite are given. X-ray study showed that synthetic criddleite is monoclinic (pseudotetragonal) with refined unit-cell parameters a = 20.015(2), b = 8.075(2), c = 7.831(2) Å, β = 92.01(2)°, V = 1264.9 ± 1.0 Å3 and a:b:c = 2.4786: 1:0.9698. The space group choices are A2/m(12), A2(5) or Am(8), diffraction aspect A*/*. The seven strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 5.63(90) (011), 3.91(50) (002), 3.456(50) (320), 2.860(70) (700), 2.813(100) (022), 2.018(60) (040) and 1.959(70) (004). Electron microprobe analyses are reported of natural criddleite in five polished sections of drill core from four holes. The averaged empirical formulae, based on 26 atoms, are Tl0.92Ag1.99Au2.93Sb9.87S10.28 (natural) and Tl0.94Ag2.03Au2.89Sb9.76S10.38 (synthetic).

Petewilliamsite, ideally (Ni,Co)30(As2O7)15, monoclinic, space group C2, a = 33.256(5), b = 8.482(1), c = 14.191(2) Å, ß = 104.145(3)°, V = 3881.6(11) Å3, a:b:c = 3.9209:1:1.6731, Z = 2, is a new mineral found on a single nickeline-veined quartz specimen from Johanngeorgenstadt, Saxony, Germany. The mineral possesses a pronounced subcell-supercell: a (subcell) = 1/5 a (supercell); b (subcell) = b (supercell); c (subcell) = 1/3 c (supercell), and the strongest six lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern are [d in Å (I) (hkl)]: 4.235(30)(020) ; 3.118(100)(513, 023); 3.005(60); 2.567(50); 1.637(50)(536 ); 1.507(30b)(553, ). It occurs predominantly as scattered patches of mm-sized aggregates which are intimately associated with varicoloured xanthiosite; additional associations include bunsenite, aerugite, rooseveltite, native bismuth, paganoite and two undefined arsenates. Subhedral equant crystals with rounded faces are intimately intergrown in 1 mm-sized aggregates and individual grains do not exceed 0.5 mm in maximum diameter. The average crystal size is variable from 20 μm to 0.3 mm. The colour varies from dark violet-red to dark brownish-red and the streak is pale reddish-brown to pale purplish-brown. Crystals are translucent, brittle, vitreous, and do not fluoresce under ultraviolet light. The mineral shows neither twinning nor cleavage, has an uneven fracture, and the calculated density (for the empirical formula) is 4.904 g/cm3. Electron-microprobe analyses gave NiO 19.45, CoO 18.39, CuO 3.40, CaO 0.17, FeO 0.04, As2O5 60.32, total 101.77 wt.%. The empirical formula, derived from crystal-structure analysis and electron-microprobe analyses, is (Ni14.662+Co13.822+Cu2.412+Ca0.17Fe0.032+)Σ31.09(As1.975+O7)15, based on O = 105 atoms per formula unit (a.p.f.u.). In reflected plane-polarized light in air, petewilliamsite is dark grey with orange to spectral (multicoloured) internal reflections and no obvious bireflectance, anisotropy or pleochroism. Measured reflectance values in air are tabulated; the index of refraction calculated at 589 nm is 1.88. The mineral name honours Professor Peter (‘Pete’) Allan Williams of the University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, for his contributions to the study of secondary minerals.

The crystal structure of petewilliamsite has been solved by direct methods and refined on the basis of F2 using 9212 unique reflections measured with Mo-Kα X-radiation on a diffractometer equipped with a CCDbased detector. The final R1 was 7.68%, calculated for 1273 observed reflections. The structure contains 15 symmetrically distinct As5+ cations, each of which is tetrahedrally coordinated by four O atoms, and pairs of these AsO4 tetrahedra share a vertex which results in As2O7 pyroarsenate groups that are in layers parallel to (010). The structure also has 16 distinct transition-metal M (M: Ni,Co) sites of which there are one tetrahedral, four square bipyramidal, and 11 octahedral arrangements. Adjacent pyroarsenate groups are linked through bonds to M cations. The structure of petewilliamsite is not closely related to other naturally occurring arsenates and it is the first pyroarsenate mineral.

Benleonardite, ideally Ag8(Sb,As)Te2S3 with Sb > As, is a new mineral species that occurs in ore specimens collected from the dumps of the disused Bambolla mine, Moctezuma, Mexico. The associated minerals are acanthite, hessite, an unnamed Ag4TeS phase, pyrite, sphalerite, and native silver. Together with benleonardite, these form thin black crusts in fractures filled with quartz and dolomite in highly altered, tuffaceous, andesitic and rhyolitic rocks. Benleonardite is an opaque mineral and, in reflected plane-polarized light in air, it is weakly bireflectant from very pale light blue to slightly darker blue. It is not pleochroic. Luminance values (relative to the CIE illuminant C) for Ro and R′e computed from visible spectrum reflectance data for the most bireflectant grain, are 33.6 and 31.7% in air, and 18.3 and 16.5% in Zeiss oil (ND 1.515) respectively. Vickers micro-indentation hardness is 105–125 (VHN25). The X-ray powder diffraction pattern could be indexed on a tetragonal cell with a 6.603(5) and c 12.726(6) Å; for Z = 2, the calculated density is 7.79 g/cm2 for the average analysis. The strongest five lines in the X-ray powder pattern are [d in Å (I) (hkl): 12.7 (70) (001); 3.188 (30) (021,004); 2.936 (100) (022); 2.608 (35) (023); 2.158 (35) (124).

Agmantinite, ideally Ag2MnSnS4, is a new mineral from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru. It occurs as orange–red crystals up to 100 μm across. Agmantinite is translucent with adamantine lustre and possesses a red streak. It is brittle. Neither fracture nor cleavage were observed. Based on the empirical formula the calculated density is 4.574 g/cm3. On the basis of chemically similar compounds the Mohs hardness is estimated at between 2 to 2½. In plane-polarised light agmantinite is white with red internal reflections. It is weakly bireflectant with no observable pleochroism with red internal reflections. Between crossed polars, agmantinite is weakly anisotropic with reddish brown to greenish grey rotation tints. The reflectances (Rmin and Rmax) for the four standard wavelengths are: 19.7 and 22.0 (470 nm); 20.5 and 23.2 (546 nm); 21.7 and 2.49 (589 nm); and 20.6 and 23.6 (650 nm), respectively.

Agmantinite is orthorhombic, space group P21nm, with unit-cell parameters: a = 6.632(2), b = 6.922(2), c = 8.156(2) Å, V = 374.41(17) Å3, a:b:c 0.958:1:1.178 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was refined to R = 0.0575 for 519 reflections with I > 2σ(I). Agmantinite is the first known mineral of ${M}_{\rm 2}^{\rm I} $MIIMIVS4 type that is derived from wurtzite rather than sphalerite by ordered substitution of Zn, analogous to the substitution pattern for deriving stannite from sphalerite. The six strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines derived from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data [d in Å (intensity)] are: 3.51 (s), 3.32 (w), 3.11 (vs), 2.42 (w), 2.04 (m) and 1.88 (m). The empirical formula (based on 8 apfu) is (Ag1.94Cu0.03)Σ1.97(Mn0.98Zn0.05)Σ1.03Sn0.97S4.03.The crystal structure-derived formula is Ag2(Mn0.69Zn0.31)Σ1.00SnS4 and the simplified formula is Ag2MnSnS4.

The name is for the composition and the new mineral and mineral name have been approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA2014-083).