We develop a new method suitable for establishing lower bounds on the ball measure of noncompactness of operators acting between considerably general quasinormed function spaces. This new method removes some of the restrictions oft-presented in the previous work. Most notably, the target function space need not be disjointly superadditive nor equipped with a norm. Instead, a property that is far more often at our disposal is exploited—namely the absolute continuity of the target quasinorm.

We use this new method to prove that limiting Sobolev embeddings into spaces of Brezis–Wainger type are so-called maximally noncompact, i.e. their ball measure of noncompactness is the worst possible.

On post-critically finite self-similar sets, whose walk dimensions of diffusions are in general larger than 2, we find a sharp region where two classes of Besov spaces, the heat Besov spaces $B^{p,q}_\sigma (K)$ and the Lipschitz–Besov spaces $\Lambda ^{p,q}_\sigma (K)$, are identical. In particular, we provide concrete examples that $B^{p,q}_\sigma (K)=\Lambda ^{p,q}_\sigma (K)$ with $\sigma>1$. Our method is purely analytical, and does not involve heat kernel estimate.

We completely characterize the validity of the inequality $\| u \|_{Y(\mathbb R)} \leq C \| \nabla^{m} u \|_{X(\mathbb R)}$, where X and Y are rearrangement-invariant spaces, by reducing it to a considerably simpler one-dimensional inequality. Furthermore, we fully describe the optimal rearrangement-invariant space on either side of the inequality when the space on the other side is fixed. We also solve the same problem within the environment in which the competing spaces are Orlicz spaces. A variety of examples involving customary function spaces suitable for applications is also provided.

In this paper we characterize the boundedness on the product of Sobolev spaces Hs(𝕋) × Hs(𝕋) on the unit circle 𝕋, of the bilinear form Λb with symbol b ∈ Hs(𝕋) given by

$${{\Lambda}_b} (\varphi, \psi): = \int_{\open T} {\left( {{{( - {\Delta })}^s} + I} \right)(\varphi \psi )(\eta )b(\eta ) {\rm d}\sigma (\eta ).}$$

For bounded domains Ω, we prove that the Lp-norm of a regular function with compact support is controlled by weighted Lp-norms of its gradient, where the weight belongs to a class of symmetric non-negative definite matrix-valued functions. The class of weights is defined by regularity assumptions and structural conditions on the degeneracy set, where the determinant vanishes. In particular, the weight A is assumed to have rank at least 1 when restricted to the normal bundle of the degeneracy set S. This generalization of the classical Poincaré inequality is then applied to develop a robust theory of first-order Lp-based Sobolev spaces with matrix-valued weight A. The Poincaré inequality and these Sobolev spaces are then applied to produce various results on existence, uniqueness and qualitative properties of weak solutions to boundary-value problems for degenerate elliptic, degenerate parabolic and degenerate hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) of second order written in divergence form, where A is calibrated to the matrix of coefficients of the second-order spatial derivatives. The notion of weak solution is variational: the spatial states belong to the matrix-weighted Sobolev spaces with p = 2. For the degenerate elliptic PDEs, the Dirichlet problem is treated by the use of the Poincaré inequality and Lax–Milgram theorem, while the treatment of the Cauchy–Dirichlet problem for the degenerate evolution equations relies only on the Poincaré inequality and the parabolic and hyperbolic counterparts of the Lax–Milgram theorem.

In this paper we investigate the endpoint regularity properties of the multisublinear fractional maximal operators, which include the multisublinear Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator. We obtain some new bounds for the derivative of the one-dimensional multisublinear fractional maximal operators acting on the vector-valued function $\overrightarrow{f}=({{f}_{1}},...,{{f}_{m}})$ with all ${{f}_{j}}$ being $BV$-functions.

In this paper we establish new optimal bounds for the derivative of some discrete maximal functions, in both the centred and uncentred versions. In particular, we solve a question originally posed by Bober et al. [‘On a discrete version of Tanaka’s theorem for maximal functions’, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.140 (2012), 1669–1680].

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new measure of noncompactness on the Sobolev space $W^{n,p}[0,T]$. As an application, we investigate the existence of solutions for some classes of functional integro-differential equations in this space using Darbo’s fixed point theorem.

Using a regular Borel measure μ ⩾ 0 we derive a proper subspace of the commonly used Sobolev space D1(ℝN) when N ⩾ 3. The space resembles the standard Sobolev space H1(Ω) when Ω is a bounded region with a compact Lipschitz boundary ∂Ω. An equivalence characterization and an example are provided that guarantee that is compactly embedded into L1(RN). In addition, as an application we prove an existence result of positive solutions to an elliptic equation in ℝN that involves the Laplace operator with the critical Sobolev nonlinearity, or with a general nonlinear term that has a subcritical and superlinear growth. We also briefly discuss the compact embedding of to Lp(ℝN) when N ⩾ 2 and 2 ⩽ p ⩽ N.

In this note we give a simple proof of the endpoint regularity for the uncentred Hardy–Littlewood maximal function on $\mathbb{R}$. Our proof is based on identities for the local maximum points of the corresponding maximal functions, which are of interest in their own right.

This paper is concerned with the study of the regularity for the multisublinear maximal operator. It is proved that the multisublinear maximal operator is bounded on first-order Sobolev spaces. Moreover, two key point-wise inequalities for the partial derivatives of the multisublinear maximal functions are established. As an application, the quasi-continuity on the multisublinear maximal function is also obtained.

We find the potential function whose gradient best approximates an observed square integrable function on a bounded open set subject to prescribed weight factors. With an appropriate choice of topology, we show that the gradient operator is a bounded linear operator and that the desired potential function is obtained by solving a second-order, self-adjoint, linear, elliptic partial differential equation. The main result makes a precise analogy with a standard procedure for the best approximate solution of a system of linear algebraic equations. The use of bounded operators means that the definitive equation is expressed in terms of well-defined functions and that the error in a numerical solution can be calculated by direct substitution into this equation. The proposed method is illustrated with a hypothetical example.

Motivated by a class of nonlinear nonlocal equations of interest for string theory, we introduce Sobolev spaces on arbitrary locally compact abelian groups and we examine some of their properties. Specifically, we focus on analogs of the Sobolev embedding and Rellich–Kondrachov compactness theorems. As an application, we prove the existence of continuous solutions to a generalized bosonic string equation posed on an arbitrary compact abelian group, and we also remark that our approach allows us to solve very general linear equations in a $p$-adic context.

Our goal in this work is to present some function spaces on the complex plane $\mathbb{C},\,X(\mathbb{C})$, for which the quasiregular solutions of the Beltrami equation, $\bar{\partial }f(z)\,=\,\mu (z)\partial f(z)$, have first derivatives locally in $X(\mathbb{C})$, provided that the Beltrami coefficient $\mu $ belongs to $X(\mathbb{C})$.