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22147 results in Cambridge Companions

Page 316 of 1108

  • 15 - Afro-Hispanic Poetry

  • from Part III - Diversity and Heterogeneity
  • Edited by Stephen M. Hart, University College London
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to Latin American Poetry
    Published online:
    09 March 2018
    Print publication:
    15 March 2018, pp 227-244

  • Summary

    This chapter highlights the work of Afro-Hispanic poets who continue to gain recognition, despite the fact that they have not been incorporated into the broader literary canon and thus frequently remain at the margins of mainstream Latin American Literature, both in the U.S. and Latin America. A careful study of Afro-Hispanic Literatures and Cultures reveals the existence of a significant number of twentieth-century Latin American writers of African descent. This essay focusses on the works of Nicomedes Santa Cruz (Peru), Nancy Morejón (Cuba), and Luz Argentina Chiriboga (Ecuador). Slavery, emancipation, self-esteem, and national identity are shown to be predominant themes in their work. These writers challenge official conceptions of nationhood that excluded the significance of African culture. Morejón and Chiriboga, for their part, question the dominant patriarchal systems that have marginalized women. The desire for freedom from slavery in their works is articulated in tandem with each nation’s struggle for freedom from colonial bondage and imperial domination. These poets, each in their own way, through their use of poignant imagery, metaphors, and poetic forms, ask the reader to critically interrogate set definitions of identity and nationhood.

  • 2 - From Romanticism to Modernismo

  • from Part I - History
  • Edited by Stephen M. Hart, University College London
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to Latin American Poetry
    Published online:
    09 March 2018
    Print publication:
    15 March 2018, pp 18-35

  • Summary

    This essay examines how in the nineteenth century, Latin American Romantic poets such as José María Heredia (Cuba, 1803-1839) and Antônio Gonçalves Dias (Brazil, 1823-1864), and modernistas such as José Martí (Cuba, 1853-1895), Rubén Darío (Nicaragua 1867-1916) and Delmira Agustini (Uruguay, 1886-1914), were shaping Latin American cultural politics through their poetry. From the Romantic poetics of exile and anticolonial discourse in Heredia and Dias to modernismo’s meta-poetic reflections and their redefinition of poetry through metaphors as the swan, this essay discusses that aesthetic and philosophical shift in Latin American nineteenth-century poetry. While Martí’s critique of the modern city is more in touch with the political and poetic questions that emerge in avant-garde art, Darío’s modernista aesthetics show his preoccupation with a cosmopolitan, “universal” vision of poetry, highly problematic in its reification of women, but not necessarily “apolitical” or completely detached from the social struggles of the era. The essay concludes analyzing how Agustini’s poetic drive and rhetorical risks take modernismo to another level, transgressing poetic and social norms that bounded women to submissive positions, and redefining the poetics of desire in Latin American poetry.

  • 8 - César Vallejo

  • from Part II - Six Key Figures
  • Edited by Stephen M. Hart, University College London
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to Latin American Poetry
    Published online:
    09 March 2018
    Print publication:
    15 March 2018, pp 125-139

  • Summary

    This essay focuses on the three phases – or “gardens” – César Vallejo’s life and work. Vallejo’s poetry is divided up between three collections of poetry, Black Heralds (1918), Trilce (1922), and Human Poems (1938), he lived under the sign of three “isms” (modernismo, Dadaism and Trotskyism), and there were also three very important women in his life (Otilia Vallejo Gamboa, his niece; Otilia Villanueva Pajares, his lover in Lima; and Georgette Philippart, his wife). The significance of the poem “Embers” within the overall structure of Black Heralds is underlined, given that it was a love poem inspired by Vallejo’s niece, Otilia Vallejo Gamboa, and his use of the style and topoi characteristic of modernismo to portray that love is analysed. The love-affair that Vallejo had with Otilia Villanueva Pajares, a young girl who lived in downtown Lima, in 1920-1921, is seen as pivotal in the creation of a new poetic language in Trilce. Poems such as Tr. IX create a poetic pornography that depicts the sexual act in an unprecedented way. This essay concludes by alluding to Vallejo’s political interests and uses the poem “Salutación angélica” as evidence to propose that his covert affiliation with Trotskyism may have been more deep-rooted and long-lasting than has been assumed until now.

The Cambridge Companion to Latin American Poetry
  • Edited by Stephen M. Hart
  • Published online:
    09 March 2018
    Print publication:
    15 March 2018
  • The Cambridge Companion to Latin American Poetry provides historical context on the evolution of the Latin American poetic tradition from the sixteenth century to the present day. It is organized into three parts. Part I provides a comprehensive, chronological survey of Latin American poetry and includes separate chapters on Colonial poetry, Romanticism/modernism, the avant-garde, conversational poetry, and contemporary poetry. Part II contains six succinct essays on the major figures Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Gabriela Mistral, César Vallejo, Pablo Neruda, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, and Octavio Paz. Part III analyses specific and distinctive trends within the poetic canon, including women's, LGBT, Quechua, Afro-Hispanic, Latino/a and New Media poetry. This Companion also contains a guide to further reading as well as an essay on the best English translations of Latin American poetry. It will be a key resource for students and instructors of Latin American literature and poetry.

Page 316 of 1108