We consider ordinary linear differential systems of first order with distributional coefficients and distributional nonhomogeneous terms. Firstly the coefficients are assumed to be functions, secondly to be first order distributions (i.e. first derivatives of functions which are integrable or of bounded variation), and thirdly to be distributions of higher order.

The proof of Lemma 6 (and thus of Theorem 9) has a gap in it. While m(B) → 0 as r → ∞ for each fixed h in Ni, it is not clear (and probably false) that this holds uniformly for h in . However Lemma 6 (and thus Theorem 9) holds with only trivial modifications of the given proof if one of the following holds: (i) ygi(y) → ∞ as |y| → ∞; (ii) m{x∈Ω: h(x) = 0} = 0 for every h in (iii) Niis one dimensional; (iv) there is a subset A of Ω such that h(x) = 0 if x ∈ A and h ∈ and m{x∈Ω\A: h(x) = 0} = 0 for every h ∈ . Assumption (ii) holds under very weak conditions. For example, the methods in [1] and regularity theorems imply that (ii) holds if there is a closed subset T of Ω of measure zero such that either (a) Ω\T is connected and aij (i, j = 1, …, n) are locally Lipschitz continuous on Ω\T or (b) for each component A of Ω\T, the aij have Lipschitz extensions to Ā and T is a “nice” set. (For example, it suffices to assume that T is a smooth submanifold of Ω though much weaker conditions would suffice.) Remember that we are assuming Ω is connected.

It is shown that the inverse scattering problem for an infinite cylinder can be stabilized by assuming a priori that the unknown boundary of the cylindrical cross section lies in a compact family of continuously differentiable simple closed curves. A constructive method for determining the shape of this boundary is given under the assumption that an initial approximation is known and that the scattering cross section is known forn distinct incoming plane waves in the resonant region.

We obtain an explicit formula for the essential norm of a Hankel operator with its symbol in the space PC, which is the closure in L∞ of the space of piecewise continuous functions on the unit circle . It follows from this formula that functions in PC can be approximated as closely by functions in C, the continuous functions on the circle, as by functions in the much larger space H∞ + C. This is an example of the way in which properties of the Hardy spaces can be derived from properties of Hankel operators.

We study the quasistatic behaviour of an elastoviscoplastic material submitted to a cyclic load. We prove the weak convergence of the solution of the stress evolution problem towards a periodical one when t → + ∞.

A necessary and sufficient condition is given for the uniform exponential stability of certain autonomous differential–difference equations whose phase space is a Hilbert space. It is shown that this property is preserved when the delays depend homogeneously on a nonnegative parameter.

Let H be a Hilbert space in which a symmetric operator S with a dense domain Ds is given and let S have a finite deficiency index (r, s). This paper contains a necessary and sufficient condition for validity of the following inequalities of Kolmogorov type

and a method for calculating the best possible constants Cn,m(S).

Moreover, let φ be a symmetric bilinear functional with a dense domain Dφ such that Ds ⊂ Dφ and φ(f, g) = (Sf, g) for all f ∈ Ds, g ∈ Dφ. A necessary and sufficient condition for validity of the inequality

as well as a method for calculating the best possible constant K are obtained. Then an analogous approach is worked out in order to obtain the best possible additive inequalities of the form

The paper is concluded by establishing the best possible constants in the inequalities

where T is an arbitrary dissipative operator. The theorems are extensions of the results of Ju. I. Ljubič, W. N. Everitt, and T. Kato.

Structure conditions on a strongly nonlinear operator A(u) are given, under whichthe initial-Dirichlet-boundary value problem for has weak solutions.

The main result asserts that the base of an infinite dimensional Dedekind complete space with unit contains an infinite set of disjoint elements. From this result it can be shown that the dimension of Dedekind σ -complete spaces with unit is not countably infinite.

In the context of reliability theory, two definitions are given for coherent functions of n variables, where both function and variables can take any of l possible levels. The enumeration problem for such functions is discussed and several recursive bounds are derived. In the case of l = 2 (the Dedekind problem) a recursive upper bound is derived which is better than the previous best explicit upper bound forn < 15, and also provides a systematic improvement on this bound for larger values of n.

In an earlier paper we considered periodic Dirac operators and obtained criteria for them to be self-adjoint and for their spectra to be devoid of eigenvalues of finite multiplicity. The question of the existence of eigenvalues of infinite multiplicity was left open. In this article we obtain further criteria for self-adjointness and show that under these conditions periodic Dirac operators do not possess eigenvalues of infinite multiplicity. We also obtain a spectral gap result.

This note treats some questions about analytic continuation in several variables. The first theorem in effect determines the envelops of holomorphy of certain domains in ℂn. The second main result is a continuity theorem: If a bounded holomorphic function f on a convex domain ∆ in ℂn has boundary values that are continuous on the complement (in b∆) of a set of the form int∏ (b∆∩∏) where ∏ is a real hyperplane in ℂn that misses ∆, then f is continuous on . In addition, we obtain what may be regarded as a local version of the theorem in our earlier paper concerning the one-dimensional extension property. Our methods depend on Hartogs' theorem (n ≧ 3) and directly on the BochnerMartinelli formula (n = 2).

We obtain existence and uniqueness of solutions with compact support for some nonlinear elliptic and parabolic problems including the equations of one-dimensional motion of a non-newtonian fluid. Precise estimates for the support of these solutions are obtained, and the optimality of our hypotheses is discussed.

Given a Banach space X, we investigate the behaviour of the metric projection PF onto a subset F with a bounded complement.

We highlight the special role of points at which d(x, F) attains a maximum. In particular, we consider the case of X as a Hilbert space: this case is related to the famous problem of the convexity of Chebyshev sets.

When solving practically the neutral type equations the derivatives are replaced by finite differences while the members of integral type are replaced by quadrature formulae. The paper deals with the convergence of a natural class of methods applied to the Cauchy problem for functional-differential neutral type equations. It is not obligatory for the approximated operators to be compact.

Absolutely square integrable solutions are determined for the equation = λ y where the ζn−r(x) are holomorphic in a sector of the complex plane and have asymptotic expansions as x approaches infinity. It is shown that the number of such solutions depends upon the roots of the characteristic equation and their multiplicity, and upon the sign of the derivative of the characteristic polynomial. Application is made to formally symmetric ordinary differential operators.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the content of Chapter 4 of Ramanujan's second notebook. The first half of this chapter is on iterates of the exponential function. The second half focuses upon an interesting formal procedure which Ramanujan, in particular, used in the theory of integral transforms.

Let y(n) + a1y(n−1 +…+ an−1y(1) + an = 0 (*) be a linear ordinary differential equation of order n. A (relative) differential invariant of (*) is a differential polynomial function π(xi) defined on the solution space of (*) satisfying: there is an integer g such that for all invertible linear transformations α of V into itself, π(αxi) = (det α)βπ(xi). We prove in a purely algebraic manner the following two theorems: A. The differential invariants of (*) are generated algebraically by the Wronskian W and the coefficients ala2, …, an of (*). B. Every generic differential relation (i.e. differential relation which holds for every linear ordinary differential equation of order n) among W, a1 …, an can be deduced algebraically from Abel's identity, W′ = −a1W. The second theorem may be considered as an algebraic version of the existence theorem for linear ordinary differential equations.

The paper presents sufficient conditions on the coefficients of second and fourth order differential equations to ensure that there exists at least one pair of conjugate points on an interval (a, b), −∞≦ a <b ≦ ∞. Oscillation criteria related to the equation (p(x)y″)″ + q(x)y = 0, 0 < x < ∞, are proved with no sign restrictions on q(x).