Antiquatonia sulcata Cooper was described from the Lower Permian Coyote Butte limestone of central Oregon (Cooper, 1957, p. 35, Pl. 5C, figs. 18–22). The name sulcata, however, was previously applied by J. Sowerby (1822, p. 17, Pl. 319, fig. 2) to Productus sulcatus from the Upper Visean of Great Britain, revised by Muir-Wood (1928). The British species has now been considered to be congeneric with Antiquatonia Miloradovich (Sarytcheva and Sokolyskaya, 1952, p. 148; Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960, p. 271; Litvihovich, 1962, p. 250; Zakowa, 1988, p. 57). The two forms are sufficiently different in external features to be separated as two species under Antiquatonia. Antiquatonia sulcata of Cooper consequently becomes a later homonym of A. sulcata (Sowerby). The author has been kindly asked (G. A. Cooper, personal commun.) to offer a replacement name, Antiquatonia cooperi, for Cooper's A. sulcata (non Sowerby). Description and comparison of the Oregon species and its holotype has been provided by Cooper (1957, p. 35).

The Kalana Lagerstätte of early Aeronian (Llandovery, Silurian) age in central Estonia preserves a diverse shallow marine biota dominated by non-calcified algae. This soft-tissue flora and decalcified and calcified crinoids are preserved in situ, in a lens of microlaminated, dolomitized micrite interbedded in a sequence of dolomitized packstones and wackestones. Although the Lagerstätte is dominated by non-calcified algae, crinoids (together with brachiopods and gastropods) are among the most common organisms that were originally comprised of a carbonate skeleton. Two new crinoids are described from this unit, Kalanacrinus mastikae n. gen. n. sp. (large camerate) and Tartucrinus kalanaensis n. gen. n. sp. (small disparid). Interestingly, these two crinoids display contrasting preservation, with the more common large camerate preserved primarily as a decalcified organic residue, whereas the smaller disparid is preserved primarily in calcite. Preservation was assessed using elemental mapping of C, Ca, S, and Si. Columns have the highest portion of Ca, once living soft tissue is indicated by C, S was dispersed as pyrite or associated with organics, and Si is probably associated with clay minerals in the matrix. This new fauna increases our understanding of the crinoid radiation on Baltica following Late Ordovician extinctions.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/fb1f98c4-d35a-43f4-aa0d-75e4f8154a13

In 1988, the presence of an Early Pennsylvanian ammonoid assemblage within the basal meter of the Callville Formation (Pennsylvanian-Permian), eastern Clark County, Nevada, was brought to the attention of the author by Stephen M. Rowland, University of Nevada-Las Vegas. The ammonoids occur in the Frenchman Mountain section described by Rowland (1987) for the Geological Society of America's Decade of North American Geology (DNAG) field trip compendium. The mid-Carboniferous section at this locality (Figure 1) was discussed in two other field trip guides as well (Langenheim and Webster, 1979; Webster et al., 1984). No ammonoids have been reported previously from this locality. Although this is the first record of Cancelloceras from the Great Basin region, the assemblage also provides a narrowly constrained age for the basal part of the Callville Formation at Frenchman Mountain, which in turn, dates the initiation of carbonate deposition following a major mid-Carboniferous hiatus in the southern Great Basin.

Ascidian spicules are reported for the first time from the upper Eocene (Paleogene) biosiliceous marls and mudstones of the Blanche Point Formation in the St. Vincent Basin, southeastern Australia. The spicules that belong to the family Polycitoridae are identified as a Recent species Cystodytes cf. dellechiajei, and Cystodytes sp. and spicules of the family Didemnidae are indentified as representing genera Lissoclinum, Didemnum, and Polysyncraton. Five other different morphological spicule types which can be classified only at the family level also belong to the Didemnidae. This study demonstrates that ascidians had a very wide distribution by the late Eocene and that ascidian fauna was already of a modern character.

A new genus, Popenoeum, is proposed for a clade of Upper Cretaceous through lower Eocene pseudolivine gastropods found in North and South America, West Greenland, western Europe, and southern India. Popenoeum n. gen. is characterized by tabulate whorls with a prominent subsutural canal, collabral costae that terminate as tubercles on the body whorl shoulder, and closely spaced fine to strong spiral cords.

The type species, Popenoeum maritimus n. sp., is from the lower Paleocene (Danian) portion of the San Francisquito Formation, southern California, and from the upper Paleocene (Thanetian) Sepultura Formation, Baja California. Popenoeum maritimus bajaensis n. subsp. is also present in the Sepultura Formation.

Other species and subspecies in the clade include Popenoeum sp. (Toulmin) and P. scalina Heilprin from Alabama; P. mutabilis mutabilis (Woods) and P. mutabilis woodsi (Olsson) from northwestern Peru; P. aff. P. maritimus from West Greenland; P. brevis (Doncieux) and P. prima (Defiance) from France; P. chavani (Glibert), P. robusta (Briart and Cornet) and P. briarti (Vincent) from Belgium; and P. subcostata (Stoliczka) from southern India. The earliest species is P. subcostata, and it is the only Cretaceous species. The youngest form is P. mutabilis woodsi, and it is the only Eocene species. The new genus reached its peak during the Paleocene.

Records of fossil decapod crustaceans from Iran are scarce. Förster and Seyed-Emami (1982) reported Eryma bedelta (Quenstedt, 1857) from the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic) in northern Iran. Garassino and Krobicki (2002, p. 56) noted the presence of the lobster Eryma von Meyer, 1840, from Iran. Garassino (personal commun., 2005) confirmed that this referred to the work of Förster and Seyed-Emami and noted that this was the only decapod occurrence in the country known to him. Toraby and Yazdi (2002) reported a portunid from the Miocene of the country in an abstract but we are unaware of a subsequent publication. Microcoprolites with an internal structure characteristic of decapods are known from the Jurassic of Iran (Brönnimann, 1977). Thus, the discovery of the remains of a remarkable macrurous decapod, recovered from a well core sampling the Gadvan Formation, is noteworthy. This unique specimen is the basis for description of a new family, genus, and species of palinuroid lobster.

Even though Viriatellina gracilistriata (Hall) has been cited repeatedly, this work is the first modern description and illustration of the lectotype. Not only have the characters of the species not been well understood, the type locality and horizon for this species have been in error. Rare specimens associated with this species are described as a new species, Viriatellina porteri.

The Platteville crinoid fauna of northeastern Iowa consists of six species: Abludoglyptocrinus charltoni (Kolata, 1975), Carabocrinus sp. Kolata, 1975, Cupulocrinus plattevillensis Kolata, 1975, Ectenocrinus simplex (Hall, 1847), Merocrinus britonensis Kolata, 1975, and Porocrinus pentagonius Meek and Worthen, 1865. Other echinoderms include an unidentified cyclocystoid and several rhombiferan and crinoid plates. the echinoderms are mostly associated with a variety of passive suspension and filter feeders, principally brachiopods and bryozoans. Complete crowns and columns are available for the porocrinid and cupulocrinid, which lived at elevations of 28 and 50–60 mm above the seafloor, respectively. Although entire stems are not preserved, specimens from other stratigraphic units suggest that Abludoglyptocrinus charltoni, Ectenocrinus simplex, and Merocrinus britonensis occupied higher areas above the seafloor. the elevation of the carabocrinid is not known. the cyclocystoid was located on the seafloor. the crinoids are ecologically separated in two ways: different elevations above the substrate and food groove width, which is correlated with the size of the food items taken. the high-level crinoids mainly ate a narrow range of small items. However, the crinoids at lower levels caught many larger food particles and utilized a much wider range of food sizes. Cup growth of Cupulocrinus plattevillensis is isometric except for the heights of the infrabasals and radials, which exhibit significant positive and negative allometry relative to overall size. the proximal brachs are strongly allometric in which the widths increase much more rapidly than the heights.

A new species of chiton is described from early Miocene deposits of the Monte León Formation, in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. Callochiton monteleonensis n. sp. clearly differs from known fossil and Recent species of the southwestern Atlantic because the central area of its intermediate valves has a stepped appearance, in which each step is marked by a longitudinal rib. It is similar to Callochiton kapitiensis Mestayer, 1926, a Recent species from New Zealand. Biogeographic implications are discussed. This is the first record of a polyplacophoran from Neogene deposits of Argentina.

The camerates, Pycnocrinus argutus (Walcott, 1883) and Rhaphanocrinus subnodosus (Walcott, 1883), are characterized by narrow food grooves. An open distal stem coil was present in P. argutus, and R. subnodosus may have possessed the same type of holdfast. Such holdfasts either lay loose on the seafloor or were wrapped around unknown soft objects. The rhaphanocrinids were located at elevations of at least 300 mm above the substrate. Conversely, the much smaller pycnocrinids lived close to the seafloor at levels of about 10 to 24 mm. The three cladids are Merocrinus curtus (Ulrich, 1879), M. retractilis (Walcott, 1883), and Dendrocrinus gregarius Billings, 1857a. Merocrinus typus Walcott, 1883 and M. corroboratus Walcott, 1883 are conspecific with M. curtus. The spiral anal sac of M. retractilis is unique. Embryocrinus problematicus Hudson, 1918 probably represents a juvenile of Dendrocrinus gregarius, which also occurs in Ottawa, Ontario. Complete columns and attachment structures have not been found for D. gregarius and Merocrinus retractilis. Merocrinus curtus ranges from New York into the Cincinnati, Ohio area of the midcontinent. Although attachment devices and long stem segments are not preserved in the New York specimens, individuals of Merocrinus curtus from Cincinnati either have a conical holdfast cemented to a bryozoan or a tight distal stem coil that was wrapped around the stem of another crinoid; adult merocrinids from the Cincinnati region were positioned high above the seafloor, and incomplete stem segments up to about 800 mm long are known. The Walcott-Rust Quarry cladids all possessed wider food grooves than the camerates, so they were able to catch larger food particles.

The Late Cretaceous to late Paleocene record of glycymeridid bivalves in the region extending from the Alaska Peninsula, southward to Baja California, Mexico is studied in detail for the first time. Glycymeris pacifica (Anderson, 1902), of late Cenomanian to late Turonian age, is the earliest known glycymeridid in the study area. Very locally, it is found with the middle to late Turonian Glycymeris yoloensis n. sp. The latter apparently represents some intermediate state between genus Glycymeris da Costa, 1778 and genus Glycymerita Finlay and Marwick, 1937. In the study area, Glycymerita is represented by Glycymerita veatchii (Gabb, 1864), middle to late Turonian to late Campanian; Glycymerita banosensis (Anderson, 1958) new combination, late Campanian to latest Maastrichtian; Glycymerita aleuta n. sp., known only from Alaska and of early Maastrichtian age; and Glycymerita major (Stanton, 1896) new combination, Selandian to Thanetian. All the studied species lived in warm-temperate, shallow-marine waters and were shallow burrowers in fine-grained siliciclastic sediments. Variability in morphology is common in sizeable populations of the various species, especially Glycymerita veatchii, which increased nearly fivefold in size during its 19.5 million-year-long range and culminated in shells up to 84 mm in length.

Five species of bivalves and two species of gastropods are described from late Selandian to earliest Thanetian wood-fall communities from the Katsuhira Formation in Urahoro Town, eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. Three bivalves and two gastropods are new to science: Thyasira (Thyasira) oliveri Amano and Jenkins, new species, Astarte (Astarte) paleocenica Amano and Jenkins, new species, Poromya katsuhiraensis Amano and Jenkins, new species, Neverita majimai Amano and Jenkins, new species, and Biplica paleocenica Amano and Jenkins, new species. Poromya katsuhiraensis n. sp. and Neverita majimai n. sp. are the earliest records of their genus. Astarte paleocenica n. sp. is the last species before the genus disappeared from the northern Pacific region during the Eocene, only to reappear with the opening of the Bering Strait during the latest Miocene. Moreover, two bivalve species and one gastropod genus are Cretaceous relict forms: Propeamussium yubarense (Yabe and Nagao, 1928), Myrtea ezoensis (Nagao, 1938), and Biplica Popenoe, 1957. These species and other relict protobranch bivalves had wide geographical ranges in the deep sea during the Cretaceous, which helped them to survive the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. The chemosynthesis-based species Bathyacmaea? sp., Myrtea ezoensis, and Thyasira oliveri n. sp. were recovered, but small bathymodioline mussels have not been found. This confirms that the small deep-sea mussels did not appear in the wood-fall communities at least by the earliest Thanetian.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/125bd4ab-b172-43d9-80b9-57b75a805150

Teeth of a new freshwater dasyatoid ray recovered from the latest middle Eocene Brian Head Formation of southern Utah represent the youngest freshwater stingray so far known in the fossil record of North America. The crown morphology of Saltirius utahensis n. gen. n. sp. exhibits strong sexual dimorphism, with the presumed males bearing two prominent margino-labial protuberances and a bifid cusp that produces a saltire-like outline. This unique crown separates this genus and species from any known extinct or extant myliobatiform, but does have some resemblance to the crown of Asterotrygon maloneyi from the lower Eocene Green River Formation of Wyoming. The occurrence of S. utahensis in the Brian Head Formation provides additional evidence for the persistence of warm subtropical temperatures during the late Eocene in southern Utah.

Diverse bivalve faunules in the Upper Mississippian (Chesterian) Bluestone and Hinton Formations in southern West Virginia and southwestern Virginia contain 49 species representing 29 genera. Of these, six new species are proposed: Ptychopteria pusilla, Streblochondria mutata, Streblopteria girtyi, Ectogrammysia inaffecta, E. prolata, and Cardiomorpha obovata. The Hinton and Bluestone Formations fall into Mamet's Foraminiferal Zones 18 and 19, respectively.

Low to moderately highly-diverse ostracode assemblages containing a total of 49 taxa occur in the Imo Formation (Mississippian, Chesterian) in north central Arkansas. The less diverse assemblages are dominated by the platycope Cavellina, while the more diverse are dominated by the palaeocopes Hollinella, Gortanella, Amphissites, Sargentina, and Deloia; the leiocopes Proparaparchites and Shivaella; and the metacopes Healdia and Healdioides. The change in assemblages up section in the central portion of the formation indicates a deepening of water with variations in the amount of influx of terrigenous clastics in a nearshore marine environment.

New taxa described include Aechminella prostata, Cornigella laterispinosa, Hollinella (H.) imoensis, H. (H.) denotata, Pseudokegelites dorsopeltatus new genus and species, Polytylites oblongus, Glyptopleuroides inregularis, Oliganisus amictus, Doricranos incohatus new genus and species, Knoxina sohni, Proparaparchites ignotus, Shivaella juxarecta, Orthobairdia redacta, Monoceratina arkansasana, Healdioides retusus, H. commensuratus, Seminolites orthapsis, Venula elegantula, Prodigious rostratus new genus and species, and Microcheilinella? lenticularis.

In central Chiapas (southeastern México) the last occurrence of inoceramid bivalves was recorded in strata of the predominantly terrigenous Ocozocoautla Formation. The inoceramids are associated with foraminifers of the Gansserina gansseri Zone (Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian). The described species are: Cataceramus? cf. barabini (Morton, 1834), Cataceramus? cf. subcircularis (Meek, 1876), Trochoceramus aff. costaecus (Khalafova, 1966), Trochoceramus nahorianensis (Kociubynskij, 1968), and Trochoceramus tricostatus n. sp. Based on the inoceramid and foraminifer species present, the assemblage is assigned to the Early Maastrichtian. This age is important because at this level most of the typical inoceramids globally disappeared. This is the first report of the genus Trochoceramus in México, which is a good index fossil for the Early Maastrichtian and has a cosmopolitan distribution.

In 2001, Lenz and Kozłowska-Dawidziuk assigned the name Sagenograptus (species name S. arctos) to a late Wenlock retiolitid graptolite from Arctic Canada. We thank Rimma Sobolevskaya for subsequently informing us that the name Sagenograptus (species S. gagarini) had, already in 1962, been applied by Obut and Sobolevskaya to a Tremadoc dendroid graptolite from Taimyr. The generic name for the Arctic Wenlock retiolitid is here changed to Sagenograptoides.

This paper presents a description of new gastropods belonging to the superfamily Porcellioidea (Vetigastropoda) from the richly diverse Lower Devonian gastropod fauna of the Road River Formation in the Royal Creek area, Yukon Territory. This fauna belongs to Western Canada Province of the Old World Realm. The Pragian species Porcellia (Porcellia) yukonensis n. sp. and Porcellia (Paraporcellia) sp. represent the oldest presently known members of subgenera Porcellia (Porcellia) and Porcellia (Paraporcellia). Their simple shell ornamentation fits well with an earlier described evolutionary trend in shell morphology of the Porcellinae. Late Pragian to early Emsian Perryconcha pulchra n. gen. and n. sp. is the first member of the Porcellioidea bearing a row of tremata on adult teleoconch whorls. The occurrence of this shell feature in the Porcellioidea is additional evidence that the evolution of the apertural slit was much more complicated than has been proposed in classical models of Paleozoic gastropod evolution.