Manuscript Preparation

Text conventions: JGH implements a flexible submission format; it is not required that articles follow the full set of text conventions listed here at submission stage. Note that, if your article is provisionally accepted, you will be responsible for ensuring your article follows the full set of JGH conventions.

JGH Style Guide: Please ensure you consult the JGH Style Guide (below) when preparing your manuscript for submission. 

Length: Articles should be no more than 12,500 words in length, including footnotes, unless authors obtain previous permission from the editors to extend the word limit. The length of review articles will be set on a case-by-case basis by the editors. Language: All material should be written in English, and an English translation of all quotations in another language must be provided.

Format: Keep it simple. Use one font and avoid framing text with borders. Copy should be double-spaced and do not add extra space before or after sub-headings.

Anonymity: Manuscripts must be completely anonymous to allow for double-anonymous refereeing. A separate information sheet should be submitted alongside the manuscript providing the author’s affiliation, email and postal address, acknowledgments, competing interests declaration (see below for guidance), funding information (if any), as well as a few lines of biographical data. Please keep the author biography brief.

Sub-sections: Sub-sections of text should be descriptive and should not be numerically labelled, e.g. as Section 1 or Part I etc. All unnecessary formatting will be removed at copyediting stage. 

E-mail address: All correspondence between JGH and the author will be by email. The author’s given email address will be the one the publisher uses to send page proofs.

Abstract: An abstract of 100–150 words should be provided for all articles apart from Editorials and Rejoinders. It should be placed at the beginning of the article, and should not be sent as a separate file.

Keywords: Please include five to ten keywords after the abstract.

Bibliography: Do not include a consolidated list of references at the end of the article. Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout and appear at the foot of the page, and include place of publication, publisher, and date. See below for further details on footnoting style. 

Tables should be placed at the end of the article, and clear instructions should be provided for the typesetter as to where each one should be inserted in the text. A descriptive heading and references to sources must accompany each table.

Illustrations and maps should be digital, of high resolution (minimum 300 dpi), and transmitted electronically. Maps should have a scale. All illustrations should be clearly referenced in the text (labelled as Figures) and numbered sequentially, with authors indicating where they wish an illustration or map to appear. Captions should be
provided and references to sources and descriptive headings must be attached. Authors must demonstrate that they have permission for the reproduction of such materials, if the copyright does not rest with them.

Charges apply for all colour figures that appear in the print version. At the time of submission, contributors should clearly state whether their figures should appear in colour in the online version only, or also in the print version. There is no charge for including colour figures in the online version, but it must be clear that colour is needed to enhance the meaning of the figure, rather than simply being for aesthetic purposes. If you request colour figures in the printed version, you will be contacted by CCC-Rightslink, who are acting on our behalf to collect Author Charges. Please follow their instructions in order to avoid any delay in the publication of your article.

Permissions: Authors need to gain permission in writing for any third party material included in their article, not only maps and illustrations, but also photographs, tables, and substantial quotation from other publications.

Conditions: Submissions must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere, even in a language other than English. There should also be no significant overlap of material from an author’s own previous publication, e.g. an earlier published paper or a chapter in a published book. Overlap with a working paper version of the article is fine.

Author biography: You must submit an author biography of no more than 100 words as part of your Title Page. 

Funding statement and declaration of competing interests: You must include a Funding Statement and an Declaration of Competing Interests as part of your Title Page upon submission. Please see below under 'Acknowledgements' and the Publishing Ethics page for more information.

JGH Style Guide

References: The Journal of Global History (JGH) uses footnote referencing according to the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, but following UK English punctuational style. References take the form of a full citation  in the first instance, followed by short citations. While a full introduction to this referencing style can be found at https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html, sample guidelines are given below to show how the style is implemented in the Journal. 

For titles in languages other than French, German, Spanish, or Italian, a translation should be provided in  brackets after the original: N. E. Mamonov, Materialy dlia istorii meditsiny v Rossii (Materials for the History  of Medicine in Russia), 4 vols. (St Petersburg: M. M. Stasiulevich, 1881). 

Footnotes should be numbered in one sequence, identified by a superior Arabic numeral in the text, and  appear at the foot of the page. Footnotes should not contain any substantive text, but should be used to  indicate sources.  

Full publication details should be given in a footnote at first mention of any work cited; short-form citations should be used thereafter. 'Ibid.' may be used. 

For page numbers in references, please use 241–5 (not 241–45), except with the numbers 10–19 in each  hundred, which should be cited as 112–13 (not 112–3). All volume and issue numbers should be in Arabic  numerals. 

Monograph 

Holly Dugan, The Ephemeral History of Perfume: Scent and Sense in Early Modern England (Baltimore:  Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011), 94. 

Edited volume 

Iris Borowy and Matthias Schmelzer, eds., History of the Future of Economic Growth: Historical Roots of  Current Debates on Sustainable Degrowth (London: Routledge, 2017). 

Chapter in edited volume 

Henry David Thoreau, ‘Walking’, in The Making of the American Essay, ed. John D’Agata (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016), 177–8.

Shortened note

Thoreau, ‘Walking’, 182.

Journal article 

Rachel A. Bay et al., ‘Predicting Responses to Contemporary Environmental Change Using Evolutionary Response Architectures’, American Naturalist 189, no. 5 (May 2017): 465.

Shortened note

Bay et al., ‘Predicting Responses’, 466.

Unpublished PhD thesis 

Ruben Flores, ‘States of culture: relativism and national consolidation in Mexico and the United States, 1910– 1950’ (PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley, 2006), 97–9. 

Unpublished conference paper

Sanjay Subrahmanyam, ‘French Commercial Ambitions and Armenian Interlocutors in Seventeenth-Century  Asia’ (paper presented at the international conference ‘Ebb and flow of the Armenian Communities of the  Indian Ocean’, University of California, Los Angeles, 17–18 March 2007). 

Online material 

‘Privacy Policy’, Privacy & Terms, Google, last modified 17 April 2017, https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

Katie Bouman, ‘How to Take a Picture of a Black Hole’, filmed November 2016 at TEDxBeaconStreet, Brookline, MA, video, 12:51, https://www.ted.com/talks/katie_bouman_what_does_a_black_hole_look_like.

Shortened notes

Google, ‘Privacy Policy’.

Bouman, ‘Black Hole’.

Archival material 

Sir George Grey to Henry Labouchere, 7 August 1857, CO 48/383, The National Archives, London (hereafter, TNA).

‘Report of the inter-agency meeting with USSR authorities on Rouble Utilization, Geneva, 19th-22nd March 1978’, 8-ODG-347 (USSR), UN Food and Agriculture Archive, Rome (hereafter, FAO).

UN General Assembly, 23rd session, 1692nd plenary meeting, 11 October 1968, UN Digital Archive (hereafter, UNDA).

Newspaper article

'Porgy and Bess', The New York Times, 1 October 1995, 18. 

Abbreviations and acronyms should be followed by a full point; contractions should not. Full points should  be omitted in initials that are read as words, as in USA, BBC, but retained for authors’ initials, e.g., J. G. A.  Pocock. 

Transliteration: All non-Roman script in footnotes or text must be transliterated; any foreign words that have  not entered the English language must be provided with a translation. For Chinese, the pinyin system should  be used, except in direct quotations using an earlier system. For Arabic, Persian, Ottoman Turkish, and Urdu,  the modified Encyclopedia of Islam conventions hold, as listed, for example, in the Journal of Islamic Studies.  Authors who cannot access certain accents or diacritics in Word should first seek help from the editors. If this  fails, they should indicate clearly all diacritics that need to be used. 

Numbers up to 100 should normally be spelled in full. For numbers in a discussion that includes a mixture  of numbers above and below the cut-off point of 100, all should be in figures (e.g. 356 walkers overtook 72  others, as 6 fell back, exhausted). Use comma/s (not full stops) when more than three digits are involved,  e.g., 5,000. Use American billions, equivalent to 1,000 million, and American trillions, equivalent to 1,000  American billions. 

Days of the week and months of the year should appear in full, e.g. 20 December 1148,  20 December, 245–50 CE, or 250–245 BCE (note that date spans in BCE should be given in full to avoid  confusion). 

Centuries should also be spelled out, with a hyphen when used adjectivally, so ‘eighteenth  century’, ‘eighteenth-century peasants’. Note too that centuries are expressed according to the Common Era  system, i.e. BCE and CE, equivalent to BC and AD. If employing AH (Anno Hijra) dates, or any other non CE dates, please give CE equivalents. 

For decades use 1920s not 1920’s. Periods of time should be in this  style: 1830–35. But note that an en-dash (–) in place of ‘to’ is only used with figures: ‘in 1220–25’; but, ‘a  distance of two to three hours’ walk’. 

Fractions are always hyphenated: one-third, three-tenths, one-quarter.  British usage is one-quarter, not one-fourth. For per cent use only figures with the symbol %, with no space  between figure and sign, e.g. 35%. Numbers with units of measurement should also always be given in  figures, but with a space between the number and the unit (e.g. 4 cm). For distances use either metric or  imperial measure and spell in full, e.g. 80 metres, 400 kilometres, 5,000 feet. 

Currencies are not capitalized or italicized when used as whole words, e.g., ‘thirteen pounds’. For large  amounts, use conventional currency signs preceding figures, e.g. US$70 million, Rp500 million, €10 million.  When citing currency figures, there is no space between the currency sign and the number: Rp30 billion.  Please give equivalences wherever possible, especially for obscure currencies. 

Punctuation: This should consistently follow British convention (except in quotations from other sources,  where the punctuation convention of the original should be retained). Use the British convention of single quote marks (curly quotes not straight), except for quotations within quotations (which have double quote  marks). Punctuation should follow closing inverted quote marks except for grammatically complete sentences  beginning with a capital. 

The use of capitals should be kept to a sensible minimum. JGH prefers lower-case ‘m’ for ‘medieval’ and  lower-case ‘w’ in ‘western Europe’. But use ‘the West’ to refer to Europe and North America combined.

Quotations: of more than 60 words should be separated out from the text and indented without quotation marks as a block quote. Any quotes within the block should thus have single quote marks. 

All citations in a language other than English should be translated into English, and should be kept short. 

Emphasis in text should be indicated using italics.

There should be full stops after initials unless they are in direct quotes.

Spelling: JGH uses British spelling, e.g. ‘centre’, not ‘center’, except in quotations from other sources, where  the spelling convention of the original should be retained, e.g. when a quote contains American English spelling. Use -ize for spelling except for words such as analyse, advertise, catalyse, enfranchise. In British style contractions will have no full points (e.g. Mr, St, edn), though abbreviated words that do not end with  their final letter, and their plural forms, will (e.g. vol., vols., ed., eds.). Also, First World War, not World War  I or WW1; social Darwinism, Balkanization. Foreign language words: Where these have achieved common  currency (refer to the latest edition of the OED), they should not be italicized and accents should be omitted, e.g. elite. Foreign words not assimilated into English (e.g. santri) should be italicized throughout, not just  where they occur for the first time, and should have the necessary accents or diacritics. If there are  problems with reproducing accents or diacritics in Word, please indicate exactly which are needed. Capital  letters should be kept to a minimum, but should always be used where individual people or places are  referred to specifically. Surnames in foreign languages: words like van, von, de, di, à, etc. should only have  a capital letter if the particule is the first word in a sentence.

Use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools

We acknowledge the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the research and writing processes. To ensure transparency, we expect any such use to be declared and described fully to readers, and to comply with our plagiarism policy and best practices regarding citation and acknowledgements. We do not consider artificial intelligence (AI) tools to meet the accountability requirements of authorship, and therefore generative AI tools such as ChatGPT and similar should not be listed as an author on any submitted content.

In particular, any use of an AI tool:

• to generate images within the manuscript should be accompanied by a full description of the process used, and declared clearly in the image caption(s).
• to generate text within the manuscript should be accompanied by a full description of the process used, include appropriate and valid references and citations, and be declared in the manuscript’s Acknowledgements.
• to analyse or extract insights from data or other materials, for example through the use of text and data mining, should be accompanied by a full description of the process used, including details and appropriate citation of any dataset(s) or other material analysed in all relevant and appropriate areas of the manuscript.
• must not present ideas, words, data, or other material produced by third parties without appropriate acknowledgement or permission.

Descriptions of AI processes used should include at minimum the version of the tool/algorithm used, where it can be accessed, any proprietary information relevant to the use of the tool/algorithm, any modifications of the tool made by the researchers (such as the addition of data to a tool’s public corpus), and the date(s) it was used for the purpose(s) described. Any relevant competing interests or potential bias arising as a consequence of the tool/algorithm’s use should be transparently declared and may be discussed in the article.

Acknowledgements

Authors can use this section to acknowledge and thank colleagues, institutions, workshop organisers, family members, etc. that have helped with the research and/or writing process. 

All authors must include a Funding Statement in this section, declaring if funding has or has not been received. Note that the statement should be listed under ‘Financial Support’ rather than Acknowledgements so that it can be recorded separately (see here).

We are aware that authors sometimes receive assistance from technical writers, language editors, artificial intelligence (AI) tools, and/or writing agencies in drafting manuscripts for publication. Such assistance must be noted in the cover letter and in the Acknowledgements section, along with a declaration that the author(s) are entirely responsible for the scientific content of the paper and that the paper adheres to the journal’s authorship policy. Failure to acknowledge assistance from technical writers, language editors, AI tools and/or writing agencies in drafting manuscripts for publication in the cover letter and in the Acknowledgements section may lead to disqualification of the paper. Examples of how to acknowledge assistance in drafting manuscripts:

• “The author(s) thank [name and qualifications] of [company, city, country] for providing [medical/technical/language] writing support/editorial support [specify and/or expand as appropriate], which was funded by [sponsor, city, country]."
• “The author(s) made use of [AI system/tool] to assist with the drafting of this article. [AI version details] was accessed/obtained from [source details] and used with/without modification [specify and/or expand as appropriate] on [date(s)].