The consolidation of European integration in the most important institutional sectors and, in particular, the abolition of obstacles impeding the free circulation of persons, goods, services and capital, has made it imperative to attain a higher level of cooperation at a pan-European level in the areas of justice and internal affairs. The elimination of the frontiers has in fact drawn increasing attention to a rather worrying paradox: the retention of juridical and regulatory barriers has allowed organised crime to exploit the incongruities which derive from the existence of the fifteen different juridical systems of Member States of the European Union.

Comparative law has a long history, and it has long been a tradition among legal scholars to compare one legal system with others. Even in the days when Rome ruled the so-called “known world”, there were other legal systems which existed either with the Roman Empire, side-by-side with the Roman jus civilis, or outside the Empire in the German tribes, in the Parthian Empire, among the Celts, and so forth. Law is the element which regulates and harmonizes human activity, behavior, and endeavor within any ordered society, primitive or advanced, and few if any societies could exist for long without some sort of law and legal system. Law is therefore part of the culture, the daily life, behavior, civilization, and yes, even the history of a people and their civilization. Unless a civilization or folk-group is a carbon copy of another, then it is normal to expect differences in the manner in which rights are vindicated, differences resolved, and an orderly solution found for the conflicts in human life.

Land use law or zoning law (Derecho urbanístico, in Spanish, or Droit de l'urbanisme, in French) deals with the regulation ofland use. The regulation of urban planning is a part of that legal branch. Urban planning decides about the existence and situation of housing (including affordable housing), green areas, schools and other important infrastructures in the cities.

The international law of human rights is a set of standards that each day increases the sphere of protection of our rights. But, how does one build a space of this nature? The response includes various actors: families and victims reporting and crying for justice, Human rights defenders, legal practitioners, government officials, international civil servants, academics, independent experts, among others.

Several years ago, the Australian Information Commissioner decided that, subject to security and privacy and so forth, all of its public-sector information should be, “free, easily discoverable, machine readable and re-useable.”

The primary duty of library and information professionals is to render information services to their patrons. Although the information provided often shapes public opinion and could help in making informed decisions, librarians and other information professionals often steer clear of politics and the processes that lead to emergence of leaders, even though their activities could be greatly affected by the nature of those who emerge as political leaders. It is against this background that this research sought to take a look at the issue of political restructuring, which has been a burning issue within the Nigerian political space, and what roles Nigerian librarians could play in the realization of the demands of restructuring in Nigeria. This article is of the view that besides being perceived as relevant in the scheme of things in Nigeria, librarians’ engagement could further positively impact on the condition of service of librarians and their public perception.

Over the past few decades, a new process has dominated how States treat foreign investment and the consequences to States for breaching international standards. The system's key feature, the means for settling a foreign investor's dispute with a State that hosts the investment, lacks traditional elements of State judicial systems. Instead, it is a creature of State consent as reflected in international investment agreements (IIAs). In IIAs, States promise to treat foreign investment and the investors in a certain, fundamentally fair, way. Many IIAs authorize foreign investors and States to select private arbitrators to resolve claims that host States breached their promises under the IIA. The arbitrators, in turn, are empowered to issue arbitral awards.

This outline is prepared based on the 1995 Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (“The 1995 Constitution”). It is important to acknowledge at the outset that the 1995 Constitution cannot be studied in isolation. Like its forerunners, it is not distinctively Ethiopian, save for the customary and religious laws that it recognized. Ethiopian constitutions, both past and present, have been derived, in part, from foreign constitutions including constitutions from western and eastern countries, including Japan. Although its immediate sources can be traced back to the Charter of the Transitional Government of 1991, this 1995 Constitution was built upon the constitutions that preceded it, the laws that have been promulgated since the 1930s, and the religious and customary laws that predated it.