An N-tuple ℐ= (T1…, TN) of commuting contractions on a Hilbert space H is said to be a joint isometry if for all x in H, or, equivalently, if Athavale in [1] characterized the joint isometries as subnormal N-tuples whose minimal normal extensions have joint spectra in the unit sphere S2N−X a geometric perspective of this is given in [4]. Subsequently, V. Müller and F.-H. Vasilescu proved that commuting N-tuples which are joint contractions, i.e. , can be represented as restrictions of certain weighted shifts direct sum a joint isometry. In this paper we adapt the canonical models of [3], and also construct a new canonical model, which completes the previous descriptions by showing joint isometries are indeed restrictions of specific multivariable weighted shifts [2].

We show how the solution to certain diophantine equations involving the discriminant of complex quadratic fields leads to the divisibility of the class numbers of the underlying fields. This not only generalizes certain results in the literature such as [2], [4]–[6] but also shows why certain hypotheses made in these results are actually unnecessary since, as our criteria demonstrate, these hypotheses are forced by the solution of the diophantine equations involved. Our methods are based only on the most elementary properties of a principal ideal in a complex quadratic field.

Let G be a finite group, H a copy of its p-Sylow subgroup, and N the normalizer of H in G. A theorem by Nishida [10] states the p-homotopy equivalence of suitable suspensions of BN and BG when H is abelian. Recently, in [3] the authors proved a stronger result: let ΩkH be the subgroup of H generated by elements of order pk or less; if

then BN and BG are stably p-homotopy equivalent. The hypothesis above is obviously verified when H is abelian. In the same paper the authors recall that H does not verify such condition when p = 2 and G = SL2(Fq) for a suitable odd prime power q; in this case BG and BN are not stably 2-homotopy equivalent.

The Mountain-Pass Theorem of Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz (see [1]) and the Saddle Point Theorem of Rabinowitz (see [21]) are very important tools in the critical point theory of C1-functional. That is why it is natural to ask us what happens if the functional fails to be differentiable. The first who considered such a case were Aubin and Clarke (see [6]) and Chang (see [12]),who gave suitable variants of the Mountain-Pass Theorem for locally Lipschitz functionals which are denned on reflexive Banach spaces. For this aim they replaced the usual gradient with a generalized one, which was firstly defined by Clarke (see [13], [14]).As observed by Brezis (see [12, p. 114]), these abstract critical point theorems remain valid in non-reflexive Banach spaces.

The axiom of comonotonic independence for a preference ordering was introduced by Schmeidler [9]. It leads to the comonotonic additivity for the functional representing the preference ordering, which is necessarily a Choquet integral.

The aim of this paper is to illuminate the concepts of comonotonicity, comonotonic independence and comonotonic additivity. For example the seemingly weaker condition of weak comonotonic independence used by Chateauneuf in [2] is seen to be equivalent to comonotonic independence. Comonotonic additivity is characterized as additivity on chains of sets. From this the characterization of Choquet integrals in [4], [1], [8] follows easily.

Suppose H is a Hilbert space and write ℒ(H) for the set of all bounded linear operators on H. If T ∈ ℒ(H) we write σ(T) for the spectrum of T; π0(T) for the set of eigenvalues of T; and π00(T) for the isolated points of σ(T) that are eigenvalues of finite multiplicity. If K is a subset of C, we write iso K for the set of isolated points of K. An operator T ∈ ℒ(H) is said to be Fredholm if both T−1(0) and T(H)⊥ are finite dimensional. The index of a Fredholm operator T, denoted by index(T), is defined by

Let Mn be an n-dimensional manifold immersed in an (n+p)-dimensional unit sphere Sn+p, with mean curvature H and second fundamental form B. We put φ(X, Y) = B(X, Y)–(X, Y)H where X and Y are tangent vector fields on Mn. Assume that the mean curvature is parallel in the normal bundle of Mn in Sn+p. Following Alencar and do Carmo [1] we denote by BH the square of the positive root of

Let R be a regular semigroup and denote by (R) its congruence lattice. For , the kernel of pis the set ker . The relation K on (R) defined by λKp if ker λ = ker p is the kernel relation on (R). In general, K is a complete ∩-congruence but it is not a v-congruence. In view of the importance of the kernel-trace approach to the study of congruences on a regular semigroup (the trace of p is its restriction to idempotents of R), it is of considerable interest to determine necessary and sufficient conditions on R in order for K to be a congruence. This being in general a difficult task, one restricts attention to special classes of regular semigroups. For a background on this subject, consult [1].

If E is a Hausdorff locally convex space and M is an -dimensional subspace of the algebraic dual E* that is transverse to the continuous dual E′, then, according to [7], the Mackey topology τ(E, E′ + M) is a countable enlargement (CE) of τ(E, E′) [or of E]. Much is still unknown as to when CEs preserve barrelledness (cf. [14]). E is quasidistinguished (QD) if each bounded subset of the completion Ê is contained in the completion of a bounded subset of E [12]. Clearly, each normed space is QD, and Tsirulnikov [12] asked if each CE of a normed space must be a QDCE, i.e., must preserve the QD property. Since CEs preserve metrizability (but not normability), her question was whether metrizable spaces so obtained must be QD, and was moderated by Amemiya's negative answer (cf. [5, p. 404]) to Grothendieck's query, who had asked if all metrizable spaces are QD, having proved the separable ones are [4].

We construct a T1-space that is not hereditarily compact, although each of its open sets is the intersection of two compact open sets. The search for such a space was motivated by a problem in the theory of quasi-proximities.

Let G be a compact Lie group and X a G-CW complex. We are interested in the calculation of the Borel cohomology of X

where EG is a universal free G-space and we use on the right hand side cellular cohomology. For an introduction to G-CW complexes see Matumoto [4] and for a good exposition on Borel cohomology see for instance torn Dieck [2], We want to replace X with an ordinary CW complex Y in order to find an ordinary CW structure on the Borel construction EG ΧGY so we can use cellular chains to compute the Borel cohomology of X. For every compact Lie group one has an extension

where G0 is the identity component, so for our case G0 is isomorphic to the circle group . We are dealing with the case in which π0(G) is isomorphic to C2, the cyclic group of order

In this paper we calculate the localisation at the prime 3 of the integral cohomology ring of the Mathieu group M24, together with its mod-3 cohomology ring. The main results are

Theorem 1. The ring H*(M24, Z)(3)is the commutative graded Z(3)-algebra with generators

and relations v2 = 0 and βθ = 0. The Chern classes of the Todd representation in GL11F2

In [7], Z. Tang and H. Zakeri introduced the concept of co-Cohen-Macaulay Artinian module over a quasi-local commutative ring R (with identity): a non-zero Artinian R-module A is said to be a co-Cohen-Macaulay module if and only if codepth A = dim A, where codepth A is the length of a maximalA-cosequence and dimA is the Krull dimension of A as defined by R. N. Roberts in [2]. Tang and Zakeriobtained several properties of co-Cohen-Macaulay Artinian R-modules, including a characterization of such modules by means of the modules of generalized fractions introduced by Zakeri and the present second author in [6]; this characterization is explained as follows.

The main theme of this paper can be described as a study of the Drazin inverse for bounded linear operators in a Banach space X when 0 is an isolated spectral point ofthe operator. This inverse is useful for instance in the solution of differential equations formulated in a Banach space X. Since the elements of X rarely enter into our considerations, the exposition seems to gain in clarity when the operators are regarded as elements of the Banach algebra L(X).

J. H. E. Cohn solved the diophantine equations x2 + 74 = yn and x2 + 86 = yn, with the condition 5 ∤ n, by more or less elementary methods. We complete this work by solving these equations for 5 | n, by less elementary methods.

Let G: Rn → Rn be a continuous mapping such that the origin 0 ∈ Rn is isolated in G-1(0). Then deg0G will denote the local topological degree of G at the origin, i.e. the topological degree of the mapping

where Sr denotes a sphere in Rn centered at the origin with small radius r > 0.

Let be a Banach algebra of bounded linear operators such that contains every operator with finite dimensional range. Then contains every nuclear operator.

According to the well-known Nash's theorem, every Riemannian n-manifold admits an isometric immersion into the Euclidean space En(n+1)(3n+11)/2. In general, there exist enormously many isometric immersions from a Riemannian manifold into Euclidean spaces if no restriction on the codimension is made. For a submanifold of a Riemannian manifold there are associated several extrinsic invariants beside its intrinsic invariants. Among the extrinsic invariants, the mean curvature function and shape operator are the most fundamental ones.

An interesting concept of semigroups (and also rings) of (left) quotients, based on the notion of group inverse in a semigroup, was developed by J. B. Fountain, V. Gould and M. Petrich, in a series of papers (see [5]-[12]). Among the most interesting are semigroups having a semigroup of (left) quotients that is a union of groups. Such semigroups have been widely studied. Recall from [3] that a semigroup has a group of left quotients if and only if it is right reversible and cancellative. A more general result was obtained by V. Gould [10]. She proved that a semigroup has a semilattice of groups as its semigroup of left quotients if and only if it is a semilattice of right reversible, cancellative semigroups. This result has been since generalized by A. El-Qallali [4]. He proved that a semigroup has a left regular band of groups as its semigroup of left quotients if and only if it is a left regular band of right reversible, cancellative semigroups. Moreover, he proved that such semigroups can be also characterised as punched spined products of a left regular band and a semilattice of right reversible, cancellative semigroups. If we consider the proofs of their theorems, we will observe that the principal problem treated there can be formulated in the following way: Given a semigroup S that is a band B of right reversible, cancellative semigroups Si, i ε B, to each Si, we can associate its group of left quotients Gi. When is it possible to define a multiplication of such that Q becomes a semigroup having S as its left order, and especially, that Q becomes a band B of groups Gi, i E B?Applying the methods developed in [1] (see also [2]), in the present paper we show how this problem can be solved for Qto become a strong band of groups (that is in fact a band of groups whose idempotents form a subsemigroup, by [16, Theorem 2]. Moreover, we show how Gould's and El-Quallali's constructions of semigroups of left quotients of a semilattice and a left regular band of right reversible, cancellative semigroups, can be simplified.