Mental health is a phenomenon which has been considered by psychologist's medical doctors and religious scholars and it is a combination of physical, social and cognitive factors.

Due to the effectiveness of teaching coping skills in increasing mental health.

This study was done to achieve the effect of teaching coping skills in providing mental health in students of Ardabil University of medical sciences.

Due to the nature and aims of the study the study method was experimental research method the samples of the present study comprised all male and female students (n = 112) and gained 23 or more in GHQ-28 questionnaire at the next stage the samples were selected randomly and divided in to 2 groups then, coping skills were taught to the experimental group for 4 weeks and no variable was exposed to the control group during this period at the end the data from 62 individuals were analyzed by independent T test.

The results showed that teaching coping skills affects on decreasing mental disorders symptoms especially somatization of symptoms and anxiety of students suspected to the mental disorder (R < 0.001). But the teaching coping skills do not affect on decreasingdepression and disorder of social functioning of students.

The study showed that teaching coping skills is a good method in decreasing mental disorders symptoms among the students suspected to the mentaldisorder. Therefore it is suggested that in order to prevent and decrease mental disorders symptoms the coping skills should be taught to students.

L’acupuncture est de plus en plus utilisée en addictologie [1,2]. Au CHU de Martinique, les patients présentant des addictions aux substances en bénéficient depuis une quinzaine d’années. Notre étude permet d’évaluer les bienfaits subjectifs de l’acupuncture chez ces patients en utilisant les Échelles Visuelles Analogiques avant et après les séances.

Ces évaluations ont été proposées à l’ensemble des patients venus faire des séances d’acupuncture durant le mois de juillet 2012. Les patients ont côté sur une échelle entre 0 et 10 leurs fatigue, bien-être, stress/anxiété, détente, douleur physique avant et après les séances.

Cent six fiches anonymes avant/après ont été analysées. Trente-cinq patients déclarent être abstinents, 53 déclarent être consommateurs réguliers d’une ou plusieurs substances (42 % alcool, 58 % tabac, 20 % crack, 38 % cannabis) et 18 sont données manquantes. L’ensemble des patients ont rapporté une diminution de leurs anxiété/stress (p = 0,0001), sensation de fatigue (p = 0,001) et douleur physique (p = 0,0001). Ils signalent également une amélioration de leur détente (p = 0,001) et de leur bien-être (p = 0,001).

Dans notre population, les séances d’acupuncture semblent améliorer les ressentis des patients dans plusieurs domaines. Il sera intéressant de poursuivre cette étude en étudiant non seulement les biais liés à la relaxation et aux croyances magico-religieuses mais aussi en étudiant différents paramètres objectifs comme la diminution de la consommation et le cardio feedback.

Mental health is a phenomenon which has been considered by psychologists, medical doctors and religious scholars and it is a combination of physical, social and cognitive factors.

This study was done to achieve the effect of teaching coping skills in providing mental health in students of Ardabil University of medical sciences.

Due to the nature and aims of the study, the study method was experimental research method.

The samples of the present study comprised all male and female students (n = 112) at Ardabil university of medical sciences and gained 23 or more in GHQ-28 questionnaire at the next stage the samples were selected randomly and divided in 2 groups then, coping skills were taught to the experimental group for 4 weeks and no variable was exposed to the control group during this period at the end, the data from 62 individuals were analyzed by independent test.

The results showed that teaching coping skills effects on decreasing mental disorders symptoms especially somatization of symptoms and anxiety of students suspected to the mental disorder (R < 0.001) but the teaching coping skills do not effect on decreasing depression and disorder of social functioning of students.

This study showed that teaching coping skills is a good method in decreasing mental disorders symptoms among the students suspected to the mental disorder. Therefore it is suggested that in order to prevent and decrease mental disorders symptoms the coping skills should be taught to students.

Attention Deficit - Hyper Activity Disorder.

(ADHD) is a heredity and psychological disorder that often continues to adulthood and causes great number of emotional, social, educationaland occupational problem for college students.

We think there is a meaningful relation between ADHD and people's jobs and conditions.

The aim of this study isdetermine the prevalence of ADHD among students reside in hostel ofArdabil University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross sectional study selected all studentsin hostel of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences and all of them fill theSelf reporting Conners ADHD questionnaires and the data wereextracted and analyzed with SPSS.

During this study the prevalence of ADHD is 8.6 percent, and themale gender shows more involvement rate than female and the involvedStudents show more incidences of smoking and psychotropic drugconsumption.

According to the high prevalence of ADHD among collegeStudents, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD as soon as possible appearsis necessary.

Les sujets à personnalité dépendante sont assez souvent victimes de maltraitance physique émanant dans la majorité des cas de leurs proches. Cependant, cette maltraitance reste longtemps tolérée par le sujet afin de ne pas rompre le lien de dépendance.

Mettre en exergue l’association entre ce type de trouble de la personnalité et la tolérance à la maltraitance infligée par leurs proches.

Revue de la littérature par recherche sur la base de données « Science direct », via les mots clés « Dependant personality » « Violence » « Abuse », illustrée par un cas clinique.

Il s’agit de M. A.R., âgé de 59 ans sans antécédent notable, marié, père d’un fils âgé de 27 ans, suivi dans notre service pour trouble dépressif majeur avec caractéristiques psychotiques sur une personnalité dépendante. Lors des hospitalisations nous avons constaté la présence de traces de maltraitance physique, ce n’est qu’après plusieurs entretiens que le patient avoue qu’il subissait continuellement la violence physique et la maltraitance de la part de sa femme et de son fils. Après revue de la littérature, nous avons constaté que les sujets ayant une personnalité dépendante auraient tendance à être agressés plus fréquemment par leurs proches, de manière répétée. Il s’agit d’une population à risque capable de supporter longtemps la violence émanant d’un proche de peur de perdre son soutien et son approbation, maintenant ainsi le lien de dépendance.

La personnalité dépendante est un trouble de la personnalité relativement fréquent mais les sujets ne consultent généralement pas pour leur trouble, il s’agit d’une population vulnérable et silencieuse souvent sujette à la maltraitance qu’il faudrait savoir dépister afin d’entamer une prise en charge adaptée. Cependant, il n’existe que peu de travaux relatifs traitant de ce sujet.

To explore changes of Grp78 and Ca2+-CaM-CaMKIIα in hippocampus of PTSD rats may reveal part of the pathogensis.

The models of PTSD were created by SPS, which is an established animal model for PTSD. Wistar rats were selected for this study and randomly divided into a normal control group and SPS groups of 1d, 4d and 7d. The expression of GRP78 was examined by immunofluorescence, western blotting and RT-PCR. The intracellular free calcium level was examined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. CaM and CaMKIIα were examined by RT-PCR. Apoptosis was examined by TUNEL and TEM.

The results showed the intracellular free calcium level reached the peak 1 day after SPS stimulation, then gradually decreased to normal level. The expression of CaM 1 day after SPS is the most and then decreased. CaMKIIα expression showed a significant down-regulation 1 day after SPS throughout and then gradually increased to normal level. Grp 78 reached the peak 4 day after SPS stimulation. TUNEL-positive cells significantly more than the normal control group and peaked at 7d after SPS stimuli, then gradually decreased to normal level. Furthermore, some cells had a characteristics change, including chromatin condensation, appearance of chromatin crescents, and nucleus fragmentation.

The results suggest that Grp 78 and changes of Ca2+-CaM-CaMKIIα in hippocampal might play an important role in the pathology of PTSD.

Déterminer si l’emploi addictif des nouvelles technologies (Internet – Jeux vidéo – Téléphone portable – Télévision) par les adolescents pourrait partager la même cause que celle qu’on observe dans les troubles alimentaires et dans les troubles d’externalisation, avec des altérations dans l’impulsivité, et partager également la même dysfonction neuropsychologique.

Les nouvelles technologies fournissent une meilleure qualité de vie, le problème est leur potentiel de dépendance surtout chez les adolescents souffrant de troubles du contrôle des impulsions, en particulier des troubles alimentaires et des troubles d’externalisation.

Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive et comparative. Le diagnostic s’établit selon notre protocole (DSM-IV/CIE-10), et selon l’application de trois instruments différents : BIS.11 (Barratt-échelle-de-l’impulsivité), DENA (questionnaire-de-dépistage-des-nouvelles addictions), IAT (Test-d’Addiction-à-l’Internet). La population a été divisée en deux groupes : les troubles de l’alimentation (n = 10) et les troubles d’externalisation (n = 10), dans la fourchette d’âge 12 à 17 ans, dans nos centres-d’ITA.

Les résultats ont démontré que le modèle de l’impulsivité est plus élevé chez les adolescents atteints de troubles de l’externalisation que chez ceux souffrant de troubles alimentaires. Les deux groupes avaient une tendance similaire dans l’utilisation des nouvelles technologies.

L’usage et l’abus potentiel des nouvelles technologies est similaire chez les adolescents hospitalisés pour troubles de l’alimentation et ceux hospitalisés pour pathologies liées à des troubles d’externalisation, ouvrant une zone problématique : celle de la canalisation de l’impulsivité dans l’emploi des nouvelles technologies. Il est nécessaire de mener à terme des recherches avec plus de population d’appui, ce qui pourrait fournir des lignes directrices en faveur d’une approche clinique.

En dehors de l’étude épidémiologique en population générale NESARC, peu d’études cliniques ont exploré les différences entre hommes et femmes présentant un abus ou une dépendance au cannabis. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les différences sociodémographiques et cliniques entre les sexes dans une population de 173 patients dépendants au cannabis, demandeurs de soins, sans troubles psychotiques ou bipolaires, ni dépendance à une autre drogue.

Tous les patients de sexe masculin (n = 130) et féminin (n = 43), consultant consécutivement dans le service d’addictologie du centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne (Paris) pour dépendance au cannabis (critères DSM-IV), entre juin 2007 et juin 2013, ont été inclus dans l’étude. Les patients présentant des troubles psychotiques, bipolaires de type 1, des dépendances opiacées ou à la cocaïne étaient exclus de l’étude. Les patients ont été évalués à l’aide du Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS).

La fréquence, présente ou passée, de troubles dépressifs (61,8 % vs 23,1 %, p = 0,0001), de phobies sociales (29,0 % vs 12,4 %, p = 0,02), de troubles anxieux généralisés (43,8 % vs 24,3 %, p = 0,03), de conduites suicidaires (36,6 % vs 11,3 %, p = 0,0001), de traitements anxiolytiques antérieurs (71,4 % vs 44,4 %, p = 0,001), de traitements antidépresseurs antérieurs (63,4 % vs 29,4 %, p = 0,001) et d’antécédents familiaux de dépression (70,3 % vs 39,5 %, p = 0,001), était plus élevée dans le groupe de sujets de sexe féminin que dans le groupe de sujets de sexe masculin. En revanche, la fréquence des effets subjectifs de désinhibition (37,7 % vs 19,0 %, p = 0,03) et d’hypersensorialité (36,9 % vs 19,0 %, p = 0,03), induits par le cannabis, était plus élevée dans le groupe de sujets de sexe masculin.

La fréquence des antécédents de troubles dépressifs et de troubles anxieux, traités ou non, chez les patients dépendants au cannabis, en particulier du sexe féminin, justifie leur dépistage systématique et leur prise en charge intégrée dans la prise en charge addictologique.

One of the most important indicators of effectiveness of therapy in patients with fecal incontinence (FI) can be patient's quality of life. Therefore, a well-constructed questionnaires studying quality of life is necessary. The objective of this study was to assess the Iranian version of Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale in a hospital-based study on patients with FI.

Two hundred women were recruited in the study. One group included patients with FI (n = 100) and the control group (n = 100) included patients with any gastrointestinal (GI) problems except FI. The Persian version of fecal incontinence quality of life scale completed by groups. The FI patients completed the SF-36 questionnaire too. Reliability and validity of questionnaire were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha, test/retest using correlation analysis, Intraclss correlation coefficient, paired t-test, and analysis of variance.

Mean age of FI patients and controls were 42.6 (±13.3) and 44.5 (±15.0) respectively. Cronbach's-α for all domains ranged between 0.72–0.92. All scales showed significant correlation between the test and retest administration of questionnaire. The FI patients had lower scores than the controls for all domains adjusted for gender. All correlations between six selected domains of Sf-36 scales and FIQL scales were significant at P < 0.05 levels.

The Persian version of FIQL had a good validity and reliability and can be used for accurate measure of quality of life in FI patients.

Obesity and depression are often comorbid conditions, with an apparent bi-directional relationship. Obesity at baseline has been shown to increase the risk of onset of depression and depression at baseline increased the odds for developing obesity. Less is understood about the impact of obesity on depression outcomes.

Our hypothesis was that obesity (BMI >= 30) and morbid obesity (BMI >= 40) would have negative effects on depression remission rates after six months of enrollment into collaborative care management (CCM).

This study was retrospective analysis of 1,111 depressed patients with a PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater that were enrolled in CCM. Of these patients, 81.5% (1,587) had BMI data available and only 27.4% (435) were of a normal BMI (BMI>=15 and < 25.0), while 44.7% (710) were obese (BMI >= 30). Multivariate analysis for the odds ratio of achieving remission at six months demonstrated that the patient's BMI at baseline was not a risk factor for depression outcome at six months. The clinical factors of recurrent depression, PHQ-9 score and an abnormal MDQ score were found to be statistically significant with an inverse relationship to remission at six months, an observation that had been shown in prior studies.

CCM for depression has been shown to be effective for improving depression outcomes. While obesity was common in our study population, it was reassuring, based on this study that six month depression treatment outcomes do not appear to be significantly impacted by the patient's baseline BMI.

There is an observed inter-dependency between the onset of obesity and onset of depression. Less is known of the outcomes of depression treatment on changes in weight, when compared to baseline body mass index (BMI). In a prior study we demonstrated that six month depression outcomes were not related to patient's baseline BMI.

To determine if there were significant weight changes for patients diagnosed with depression over a six month period.

This was a retrospective chart review of 1,551 patients diagnosed with depression by their primary care provider from March 2008.

A majority of the patients, 1,050 (67.7%) either had a weight loss or no significant change (+/- 2.5%). In logistic modeling, age was the only variable independently associated with weight gain of 2.5% or greater at six months (OR 0.9916, p = 0.0133). For the 501 patients with weight gain, BMI was inversely associated with weight gain at six months. With logistic modeling; increased BMI remained inversely associated with significant weight gain (+5%) at six months. The presence of clinical remission at six months was not associated with weight gain of greater than 5%.

The majority of patient diagnosed with depression by their primary care provider did not experience a significant change in their weight over the next six months. Clinical remission did not impact the weight changes seen. If a patient was going to gain weight, a baseline normal BMI was associated with an increased risk of >5% weight gain in six months.

There are several theories concerning potential associations between depression and levels of vitamin B12 and folate.

To investigate the relationship between depression and vitamin B12, folate, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C T polymorphism. To compare this associations, in anxiety and depression.

90 subjects were randomly selected in a comparative cross sectional study. The sample consists of three groups: a group of depressive disorders without psychotic symptoms (n = 30), a group of anxiety disorders (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). The patients were recruited from psychiatric out- patient clinic. Patients were diagnosed according to DSMIV criteria. Beck depression Inventory for severity of depression, Hamilton rating scale of depression, Hamilton rating scale of anxiety. Laboratory: Simultaneous assay of vitamin B12 and folic acid by Radio-immune assay technique and analysis of MTHFR (C677T) by means of PCR and RFLP.

Both anxiety and depression groups has the same percentage of gene mutation (33.3%). Folic acid and Vitamin B 12 mean values were highest in control group followed by the anxiety group then the least was in depression. Within the depression group there is a negative correlation between the severity of depression and folic acid. Within the depression group, patients with mutant gene have lower level of both Folic acid and Vitamin B12 than patients with non mutant gene.

Folic acid and Vitamin B12 were lower than normal in both anxiety and depression patients and this was combined with gene mutation.

School and academic performance are considered highly complex outcome. The pupil's intellectual capacities intervene, and other types of influencing factors can hinder or boost school performance. Aim of the work: To assess psychosocial variables including self-esteem, depression, anxiety symptoms and academic achievement in a selective sample of preparatory school students.

This is a school based cross sectional study. The sample consisted of all students in the preparatory stage in a private school of both sexes, age ranged from 12–15 years. The sample was divided according to the academic performance of the student based on the overall grade of each student at the end of the school year into: Insufficient < 60%, Sufficient 60–70%, Good 70–80% and Very good >80%.

All students were given a questionnaire to assess personal data, family background, past history of medical or psychiatric condition, scholastic achievement and psychometric tools: including Porteus maze, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, Children Depression Inventory (CDI) and, the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale.

The higher the grades of students, the higher the level of anxiety and this was statistically significant. Girls had higher levels of anxiety than boys and this reached a statistically significant difference. There was significant correlation between depression and academic achievement of students. Self-esteem was significantly correlated with academic achievement.

Depression has a significant role in academic performance of adolescents. Self-esteem of adolescents is highly related to their academic achievement.