While there are a small number of reasonably deep theorems in mathematical linguistics, I wish to argue that grammar is mathematics at a very basic level, albeit "trivial" mathematics. Linguistic activities such as the production and recognition of sentences are quite analogous to the mathematical activities of proving theorems or making calculations, while learning a language involves something akin to the discovery or invention of postulates.

We introduce a new type of differentiability, called cofinite Fréchet differentiability. We show that the convex point-of-continuity property of Banach spaces is dual to the cofinite Fréchet differentiability of all equivalent norms. A corresponding result for dual spaces with the weak* convex point-of-continuity property is also established.

Simply connected conformally flat Riemannian manifolds are characterized as hypersurfaces in the light cone of a standard flat Lorentzian space, transversal to its generators. Some applications of this fact are given.

We introduce the class of Harnack domains in which a Harnack type inequality holds for positive harmonic functions with bounds given in terms of the distance to the domain's boundary. We give conditions connecting Harnack domains with several different complete metrics. We characterize the simply connected plane domains which are Harnack and discuss associated topics. We extend classical results to Harnack domains and give applications concerning the rate of growth of various functions defined in Harnack domains. We present a perhaps new characterization for quasidisks.

Let α and β be any two real numbers and let be the Jacobi polynomial sequences. For any non-zero real number a, is an orthogonal polynomial sequence with respect to convolution if and only if either (i) b = 1, α = 0 and β + 1 is not equal to a negative integer or (ii) b = — 1, β = 0 and α + 1 is not equal to a negative integer.

It is shown that if V is a congruence distributive variety whose members have one element subalgebras, then the class of absolute retracts of V is closed under direct products. If V is residually small, then a characterisation of the amalgamation class of V is given.

Differentially simple local noetherian Q -algebras are shown to be always (a certain type of) subrings of formal power series rings. The result is established as an illustration of a general theory of differential filtrations and differential completions.

A bounded linear operator A on a complex, separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space is called finite if for each . It is shown that the class of all finite operators is a closed nowhere dense subset of

Using a technique of Agarwal and Andrews (1987), bijective proofs of some n-color partition identities discovered recently by the author, are given.

A ring R is said to be generated by faithful right cyclics (right finitely pseudo-Frobenius), denoted by GFC (FPF), if every faithful cyclic (finitely generated) right R-module generates the category of right R-modules. The class of right GFC rings includes right FPF rings, commutative rings (thus every ring has a GFC subring - its center), strongly regular rings, and continuous regular rings of bounded index. Our main results are: (1) a decomposition of a semi-prime quasi-Baer right GFC ring (e.g., a semiprime right FPF ring) is achieved by considering the set of nilpotent elements and the centrality of idempotnents; (2) a generalization of S. Page's decomposition theorem for a right FPF ring.

Nous obtenons différentes identités de l'analyse combinatoire contenant des coefficients binomiaux de Gauss.

We introduce a new constant in Banach spaces which implies, in certain cases, the weak- or weak*-normal structure.

Let P be an irreducible Markov matrix. Assume:

We study conditions for such a matrix to be nonrecurrent. If P is nonrecurrent we study the invariant vectors of P (invariant column vectors and invariant row vectors).

We construct a positive linear contraction T of all LP(X, μ)- spaces, 1 ≦ p ≦ ∞, μ(X) = 1 such that T1 = 1, T* 1 = 1 and also Tf > 0 a.e. for all f ≧ 0 a.e., f ≢ 0 but for which there is an f ∊ L∞ such that (Tnf — ∫ fdμ) does not converge in L1-norm. We also show that if T is a contraction of a Hilbert space H, there exists an isometry Q and a contraction R such that ∥Tnx - QnRx∥ —> 0 as n —» ∞ for all x in H

Let G be a finite group. By a Moore G-space we mean a G-space X such that for each subgroup H of G the fixed point space XH is a simply connected Moore space of type (MH,n), where MH is an abelian group depending on H, and n is a fixed integer. By a co-Hopf G-space we mean a G-space with a G-equivariant comultiplication. In this note it is shown that, in contrast to the non-equivariant case, there exist Moore G-spaces which are not co-Hopf G-spaces.

A q-analogue of the orthogonality property of the Bessel functions on the zeros is obtained in terms of a q-integral.

This paper presents a new type of fractal surfaces called the Takagi surfaces. These are obtained by summing up pyramids of increasing (doubling) frequencies scaled by a geometric ratio b. The fractal dimension (box dimension) of the graph of these functions is shown to be log 8b/log 2.